pawn

English

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /pɔːn/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• (US) IPA^(key): /pɔn/
• (cot–caught merger) IPA^(key): /pɑn/
• (Southern US) IPA^(key): /pɑɒn/
• Homophone: porn (non-rhotic)
• Rhymes: -ɔːn

Etymology 1

A black pawn in chess

From Middle English pown, from Anglo-Norman poun, paun (“footman”), from Late Latin pedōnem (“pedestrian”), derived fom Latin ped- (“foot”). Doublet of peon.

Noun

pawn (plural pawns)

2. (chess) The most numerous chess piece, or a similar piece in a similar game. In chess, each side starts with eight; moves are only forward, and attacks are only diagonally or en passant.
3. (figurative) Someone who is being manipulated or used to some end.

   Though a pawn of the gods, her departure is the precipitating cause of the Trojan War.

   • 2022 December 14, Mel Holley, “Network News: Strikes go on as RMT rejects RDG's "detrimental" offer”, in RAIL, number 972, page 9:

     He delivered a broadside to the RMT leadership, saying: "This response to a significantly enhanced offer exposes their true priority - using the British public and NR workers as pawns in a fight with the Government.

Synonyms

• (chess piece): Thesaurus:pawn
• (someone manipulated): manipulee

Derived terms

• advanced pawn
• backward pawn
• bishop's pawn
• central pawn
• connected pawn
• doubled pawn
• hexapawn
• isolated pawn
• king's bishop's pawn
• king's knight's pawn
• king's pawn
• king's rook's pawn
• knight's pawn
• octopawn
• outside passed pawn
• passed pawn
• pawn break
• pawn chain
• pawn cube
• pawn island
• pawn race
• pawn storm
• poisoned pawn
• queen's bishop's pawn
• queen's knight's pawn
• queen's pawn
• queen's rook's pawn
• remote passed pawn
• rook's pawn
• tall pawn
• tripled pawn
• wrong rook pawn

Translations

chess piece

• Afrikaans: pion
• Albanian: ushtar (sq) m
• Arabic: جُنْدِيّ (ar) m (jundiyy), بَيْدَق (ar) m (baydaq)
• Armenian: զինվոր (hy) (zinvor)
• Asturian: peón m
• Azerbaijani: piyada (az)
• Belarusian: пе́шка f (pjéška), ла́тнік m (látnik), ні́жнік m (nížnik)
• Bengali: বোড়ে (bn) (bōṛe)
• Breton: pezh gwerin m
• Bulgarian: пе́шка f (péška)
• Burmese: နယ် (my) (nai) (in some games)
• Catalan: peó (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 兵 (bing¹), 士兵 (si⁶ bing¹), 卒 (zeot¹)

  Hokkien: 士兵 (zh-min-nan) (sū-peng), 兵 (zh-min-nan) (peng)

  Mandarin: 兵 (zh) (bīng)

• Czech: pěšec (cs) m
• Danish: bonde (da) c
• Dutch: pion (nl) m
• Esperanto: peono (eo)
• Estonian: ettur (et)
• Faroese: finna f
• Finnish: sotilas (fi)
• French: pion (fr) m
• Galician: peón (gl) m
• Georgian: პაიკი (ṗaiḳi)
• German: Bauer (de) m
• Greek: πιόνι (el) n (pióni), στρατιώτης (el) m (stratiótis)
• Hebrew: חייל (he) m (chayal), רגלי (he) m (ragli)
• Hindi: प्यादा (hi) m (pyādā), पियादा (hi) m (piyādā), सिपाही (hi) m (sipāhī)
• Hungarian: gyalog (hu), (less formal) paraszt (hu)
• Icelandic: peð (is) n
• Ido: piono (io)
• Indonesian: bidak (id), pion (id)
• Irish: ceithearnach m, fichillín m
• Italian: pedone (it) m, pedina (it) f
• Japanese: ポーン (ja) (pōn)
• Javanese: bidhag (jv)
• Kazakh: сарбаз (sarbaz), пешка (peşka)
• Khmer: ត្រី (km) (trəy)
• Korean: 폰 (pon), 졸 (ko) (jol) (Oriental chess)
• Kyrgyz: пешка (peşka)
• Lao: ເບ້ຍ (bīa)
• Latin: latro (la)
• Latvian: bandinieks m
• Lithuanian: pėstininkas m
• Macedonian: пешак m (pešak), пион m (pion)
• Malay: bidak (ms), pion, piadah
• Malayalam: കാലാൾ (ml) (kālāḷ, literally “foot soldier”)
• Maori: kaihāpai-ō, kurumetometo
• Middle English: pown
• Middle Persian: 𐭯𐭣𐭠𐭲𐭪 (pdʾtk /⁠payādag⁠/)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: хүү (mn) (xüü)

• Navajo: naaʼnil
• Nepali: सिपाही (ne) (sipāhī)
• Norwegian: bonde (no) m
• Occitan: peon (oc) m
• Ojibwe: ganoodiye
• Persian: سرباز (fa) (sarbâz), پیاده (fa) (piyâde)
• Plautdietsch: Büa m
• Polish: pion (pl) m, pionek (pl) m
• Portuguese: peão (pt) m
• Romanian: pion (ro) m
• Russian: пе́шка (ru) f (péška)
• Scottish Gaelic: pàn m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: пешак m / пјешак m, пион m

  Roman: pešak (sh) m / pješak (sh) m, pion (sh) m

• Slovak: pešiak m
• Slovene: kmet (sl) m
• Spanish: peón (es) m
• Swahili: kitunda
• Swedish: bonde (sv) c
• Tagalog: piyon
• Tajik: пиёда (tg) (piyoda), сарбоз (sarboz)
• Thai: เบี้ย (th) (bîia)
• Turkish: piyon (tr)
• Turkmen: pyýada, peşka
• Ukrainian: піша́к m (pišák)
• Urdu: پیاده m (pyāda)
• Uyghur: پىيادە (piyade), پېشكا (pëshka)
• Uzbek: piyoda (uz), sarboz (uz), peshka
• Vietnamese: tốt (vi), chốt (vi)
• Yiddish: פּיאָן m (pyon)

someone who is being manipulated

• Afrikaans: pion
• Albanian: gur shahu m
• Azerbaijani: peşka, piyada (az)
• Bulgarian: пио́нка f (piónka)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 棋 (kei^4-2)

  Mandarin: ^{(please verify)} 爪牙 (zh) (zhaoya)

• Czech: figurka (cs) f
• Danish: brik c (in someone's game)
• Dutch: pion (nl) m, kleine man m
• Finnish: pelinappula (fi)
• French: pion (fr) m
• Galician: peón (gl) m
• Georgian: პაიკი (ṗaiḳi)
• German: Schachfigur (de) f
• Greek: πιόνι (el) n (pióni), υποχείριο (el) n (ypocheírio), ενεργούμενο (el) n (energoúmeno)
• Hebrew: פיון (he) m (pion)
• Italian: pedina (it) f
• Japanese: 駒 (ja) (koma)
• Maori: kurumetometo
• Norwegian: brikke (no) m
• Polish: pionek (pl) m
• Portuguese: peão (pt) m
• Russian: пе́шка (ru) f (péška)
• Spanish: peón (es) m
• Swedish: bricka (sv) c
• Turkish: piyon (tr), oyuncak (tr)

See also

• ♙, ♟
• Pawn (chess) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Appendix:Chess pieces

Etymology 2

From Middle French pan (“pledge, security”), apparently from a Germanic language (compare Middle Dutch pant, Old High German pfant).

Noun

pawn (countable and uncountable, plural pawns)

1. (uncountable) The state of being held as security for a loan, or as a pledge.

   All our jewellery was in pawn by this stage.

2. An instance of pawning something.
   • 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:

     Redeem from broking pawn the blemish'd crown.

   • 1624, John Donne, “19. Prayer”, in Deuotions upon Emergent Occasions, and Seuerall Steps in My Sicknes: […], London: […] A[ugustine] M[atthews] for Thomas Iones, →OCLC, page 508:

     As therefore the morning devv, is a pavvne of the evenings fatneſſe, ſo, O Lord, let this daies comfort be the earneſt of to morrowes, […]

3. (archaic) An item given as security on a loan, or as a pledge.
   • c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:

     My life I never held but as a pawn / To wage against thy enemies.

   • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:

     Brokers, takers of pawns, biting userers, I will not admit; yet […] I will tolerate some kind of usery.

   • 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Usury”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:

     As for mortgaging or pawning, […] men will not take pawns without use [i.e. interest].

4. (rare) A pawnshop; pawnbroker.

Derived terms

• pawnbroker
• pawnee
• pawner
• pawning
• pawnshop

Translations

instance of pawning something

• Bulgarian: залог (bg) m (zalog)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 典當 / 典当 (zh) (diǎndàng), 典押 (zh) (diǎnyā)

• Czech: zástava f
• Danish: pantsætning c
• Dutch: verpanding f
• Finnish: panttaus
• French: prêt sur gage m
• Galician: empeño (gl) m
• German: Verpfändung f
• Greek: ενεχυρίαση (el) f (enechyríasi)
• Portuguese: penhora (pt) f
• Spanish: empeño (es) m
• Swedish: pant (sv)

item sold to a pawn shop

• Bulgarian: залог (bg) m (zalog)
• Danish: pant (da) n
• Dutch: pand (nl) n
• Finnish: pantti (fi)
• French: gage (fr) f
• German: Pfand (de) n, Versatzstück (de) n
• Greek: ενέχυρο (el) n (enéchyro)
• Hebrew: עבוט (he) m (avót)
• Norwegian: pant (no) n
• Swedish: pant (sv)

(rare) type of shop

• Danish: pantelåner c
• Dutch: pandjes (nl), pandjeshuis (nl) n
• Esperanto: garantipruntejo, lombardejo
• Finnish: panttilainaamo (fi)
• French: mont-de-piété (fr) m
• Galician: casa de empeños (gl) m
• Georgian: ლომბარდი (lombardi)
• German: Pfandleiher (de) m, Pfandhaus (de) n, Leihhaus (de) n
• Greek: ενεχυροδανειστήριο (el) n (enechyrodaneistírio)
• Hebrew: בית עבוט m (bet avót)
• Korean: 고물상(古物商) (ko) (gomulsang)
• Macedonian: заложница f (založnica)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: pantelåner m

• Portuguese: topa-tudo m, casa de penhores f, penhora (pt) f
• Russian: ломба́рд (ru) m (lombárd)
• Spanish: casa de empeños f
• Swedish: pantbank (sv) c

Verb

pawn (third-person singular simple present pawns, present participle pawning, simple past and past participle pawned)

1. (transitive) To pledge; to stake or wager.
2. (transitive) To give as security on a loan of money; especially, to deposit (something) at a pawn shop.
   • 1904, Henry Warren, The Customer's Guide to Banking, page 7:

     A certain, and probably an appreciable, proportion of his so-called money at call and short notice would consist of fortnightly advances made to members of the Stock Exchange against pawned stocks and shares.

   • 1965, Bob Dylan, Like a Rolling Stone:

     But you'd better take your diamond ring, you'd better pawn it, babe.

Synonyms

• (to deposit at a pawn shop): hock, lumber, pledge, spout, vamp

Derived terms

• pawn off as

Translations

give as security for loan

• Bulgarian: залагам (bg) (zalagam)
• Catalan: empenyorar (ca)
• Czech: zastavit (cs) pf, dát do zástavy pf
• Danish: pantsætte
• Dutch: verpanden (nl)
• Esperanto: lombardi
• Finnish: pantata (fi)
• French: engager (fr), mettre au clou (fr) (colloquial), mettre en gage
• Galician: empeñar (gl) m
• Georgian: დალომბარდება (dalombardeba)
• German: verpfänden (de)
• Greek: ενεχυριάζω (el) (enechyriázo)
• Ido: gajigar (io)
• Macedonian: заложува (založuva)
• Mongolian: дан хийх (dan xiix)
• Norwegian: pantsette
• Portuguese: penhorar (pt), empenhar (pt)
• Romanian: amaneta (ro)
• Russian: закла́дывать (ru) (zakládyvatʹ), отдава́ть в зало́г (otdavátʹ v zalóg)
• Spanish: empeñar (es), pignorar (es)
• Swedish: pantsätta (sv)
• Volapük: panön (vo)

See also

• pawn off

Etymology 3

Noun

pawn (countable and uncountable, plural pawns)

1. Alternative form of paan
   • 1832, Meer Hassan Ali, Observations on the Mussulmauns of India:

     A tray filled with pawns, prepared with the usual ingredients, as lime cuttie (a bitter gum), betel-nut, tobacco, spices, &c.

   • 1892, Chambers's Journal, volume 69, page 320:

     To our English taste, pawn is very offensive; but the natives of India relish it, and regard it as a necessity. It is much eaten by Mohammedans of both sexes, and by the natives of Bengal.

Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

pawn (plural pawns)

1. A gallery.

Etymology 5

Verb

pawn (third-person singular simple present pawns, present participle pawning, simple past and past participle pawned)

1. (video games) Alternative form of pwn

Anagrams

• WPAN

Middle English

Noun

pawn

1. Alternative form of pown (“pawn”)