qabuka

Zulu

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ǃaɓúːɠa/

Verb

-qabúka

1. (intransitive) to see for the first time, to experience for the first time
2. (transitive) to awake, to awaken, to wake up

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive	ukuqabuka
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuqabuka	ukungaqabuki
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	qabuka	-qabuke
Plural	qabukani	-qabukeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyaqabuka, ngiqabuka	engiqabukayo, engiqabuka	ngiqabuka	angiqabuki	engingaqabuki	ngingaqabuki
2nd singular	uyaqabuka, uqabuka	oqabukayo, oqabuka	uqabuka	awuqabuki	ongaqabuki	ungaqabuki
1st plural	siyaqabuka, siqabuka	esiqabukayo, esiqabuka	siqabuka	asiqabuki	esingaqabuki	singaqabuki
2nd plural	niyaqabuka, niqabuka	eniqabukayo, eniqabuka	niqabuka	aniqabuki	eningaqabuki	ningaqabuki
Class 1	uyaqabuka, uqabuka	oqabukayo, oqabuka	eqabuka	akaqabuki	ongaqabuki	engaqabuki
Class 2	bayaqabuka, baqabuka	abaqabukayo, abaqabuka	beqabuka	abaqabuki	abangaqabuki	bengaqabuki
Class 3	uyaqabuka, uqabuka	oqabukayo, oqabuka	uqabuka	awuqabuki	ongaqabuki	ungaqabuki
Class 4	iyaqabuka, iqabuka	eqabukayo, eqabuka	iqabuka	ayiqabuki	engaqabuki	ingaqabuki
Class 5	liyaqabuka, liqabuka	eliqabukayo, eliqabuka	liqabuka	aliqabuki	elingaqabuki	lingaqabuki
Class 6	ayaqabuka, aqabuka	aqabukayo, aqabuka	eqabuka	awaqabuki	angaqabuki	engaqabuki
Class 7	siyaqabuka, siqabuka	esiqabukayo, esiqabuka	siqabuka	asiqabuki	esingaqabuki	singaqabuki
Class 8	ziyaqabuka, ziqabuka	eziqabukayo, eziqabuka	ziqabuka	aziqabuki	ezingaqabuki	zingaqabuki
Class 9	iyaqabuka, iqabuka	eqabukayo, eqabuka	iqabuka	ayiqabuki	engaqabuki	ingaqabuki
Class 10	ziyaqabuka, ziqabuka	eziqabukayo, eziqabuka	ziqabuka	aziqabuki	ezingaqabuki	zingaqabuki
Class 11	luyaqabuka, luqabuka	oluqabukayo, oluqabuka	luqabuka	aluqabuki	olungaqabuki	lungaqabuki
Class 14	buyaqabuka, buqabuka	obuqabukayo, obuqabuka	buqabuka	abuqabuki	obungaqabuki	bungaqabuki
Class 15	kuyaqabuka, kuqabuka	okuqabukayo, okuqabuka	kuqabuka	akuqabuki	okungaqabuki	kungaqabuki
Class 17	kuyaqabuka, kuqabuka	okuqabukayo, okuqabuka	kuqabuka	akuqabuki	okungaqabuki	kungaqabuki
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiqabukile, ngiqabukē	engiqabukile, engiqabukē	ngiqabukile, ngiqabukē	angiqabukanga	engingaqabukanga	ngingaqabukanga
2nd singular	uqabukile, uqabukē	oqabukile, oqabukē	uqabukile, uqabukē	awuqabukanga	ongaqabukanga	ungaqabukanga
1st plural	siqabukile, siqabukē	esiqabukile, esiqabukē	siqabukile, siqabukē	asiqabukanga	esingaqabukanga	singaqabukanga
2nd plural	niqabukile, niqabukē	eniqabukile, eniqabukē	niqabukile, niqabukē	aniqabukanga	eningaqabukanga	ningaqabukanga
Class 1	uqabukile, uqabukē	oqabukile, oqabukē	eqabukile, eqabukē	akaqabukanga	ongaqabukanga	engaqabukanga
Class 2	baqabukile, baqabukē	abaqabukile, abaqabukē	beqabukile, beqabukē	abaqabukanga	abangaqabukanga	bengaqabukanga
Class 3	uqabukile, uqabukē	oqabukile, oqabukē	uqabukile, uqabukē	awuqabukanga	ongaqabukanga	ungaqabukanga
Class 4	iqabukile, iqabukē	eqabukile, eqabukē	iqabukile, iqabukē	ayiqabukanga	engaqabukanga	ingaqabukanga
Class 5	liqabukile, liqabukē	eliqabukile, eliqabukē	liqabukile, liqabukē	aliqabukanga	elingaqabukanga	lingaqabukanga
Class 6	aqabukile, aqabukē	aqabukile, aqabukē	eqabukile, eqabukē	awaqabukanga	angaqabukanga	engaqabukanga
Class 7	siqabukile, siqabukē	esiqabukile, esiqabukē	siqabukile, siqabukē	asiqabukanga	esingaqabukanga	singaqabukanga
Class 8	ziqabukile, ziqabukē	eziqabukile, eziqabukē	ziqabukile, ziqabukē	aziqabukanga	ezingaqabukanga	zingaqabukanga
Class 9	iqabukile, iqabukē	eqabukile, eqabukē	iqabukile, iqabukē	ayiqabukanga	engaqabukanga	ingaqabukanga
Class 10	ziqabukile, ziqabukē	eziqabukile, eziqabukē	ziqabukile, ziqabukē	aziqabukanga	ezingaqabukanga	zingaqabukanga
Class 11	luqabukile, luqabukē	oluqabukile, oluqabukē	luqabukile, luqabukē	aluqabukanga	olungaqabukanga	lungaqabukanga
Class 14	buqabukile, buqabukē	obuqabukile, obuqabukē	buqabukile, buqabukē	abuqabukanga	obungaqabukanga	bungaqabukanga
Class 15	kuqabukile, kuqabukē	okuqabukile, okuqabukē	kuqabukile, kuqabukē	akuqabukanga	okungaqabukanga	kungaqabukanga
Class 17	kuqabukile, kuqabukē	okuqabukile, okuqabukē	kuqabukile, kuqabukē	akuqabukanga	okungaqabukanga	kungaqabukanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāqabuka	engāqabuka	ngāqabuka	angiqabukanga	engingaqabukanga	ngingaqabukanga
2nd singular	wāqabuka	owāqabuka	wāqabuka	awuqabukanga	ongaqabukanga	ungaqabukanga
1st plural	sāqabuka	esāqabuka	sāqabuka	asiqabukanga	esingaqabukanga	singaqabukanga
2nd plural	nāqabuka	enāqabuka	nāqabuka	aniqabukanga	eningaqabukanga	ningaqabukanga
Class 1	wāqabuka	owāqabuka	āqabuka	akaqabukanga	ongaqabukanga	engaqabukanga
Class 2	bāqabuka	abāqabuka	bāqabuka	abaqabukanga	abangaqabukanga	bengaqabukanga
Class 3	wāqabuka	owāqabuka	wāqabuka	awuqabukanga	ongaqabukanga	ungaqabukanga
Class 4	yāqabuka	eyāqabuka	yāqabuka	ayiqabukanga	engaqabukanga	ingaqabukanga
Class 5	lāqabuka	elāqabuka	lāqabuka	aliqabukanga	elingaqabukanga	lingaqabukanga
Class 6	āqabuka	āqabuka	āqabuka	awaqabukanga	angaqabukanga	engaqabukanga
Class 7	sāqabuka	esāqabuka	sāqabuka	asiqabukanga	esingaqabukanga	singaqabukanga
Class 8	zāqabuka	ezāqabuka	zāqabuka	aziqabukanga	ezingaqabukanga	zingaqabukanga
Class 9	yāqabuka	eyāqabuka	yāqabuka	ayiqabukanga	engaqabukanga	ingaqabukanga
Class 10	zāqabuka	ezāqabuka	zāqabuka	aziqabukanga	ezingaqabukanga	zingaqabukanga
Class 11	lwāqabuka	olwāqabuka	lwāqabuka	aluqabukanga	olungaqabukanga	lungaqabukanga
Class 14	bāqabuka	obāqabuka	bāqabuka	abuqabukanga	obungaqabukanga	bungaqabukanga
Class 15	kwāqabuka	okwāqabuka	kwāqabuka	akuqabukanga	okungaqabukanga	kungaqabukanga
Class 17	kwāqabuka	okwāqabuka	kwāqabuka	akuqabukanga	okungaqabukanga	kungaqabukanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingaqabuka	—	ngingaqabuka	ngingeqabuke	—	ngingeqabuke
2nd singular	ungaqabuka	—	ungaqabuka	ungeqabuke	—	ungeqabuke
1st plural	singaqabuka	—	singaqabuka	singeqabuke	—	singeqabuke
2nd plural	ningaqabuka	—	ningaqabuka	ningeqabuke	—	ningeqabuke
Class 1	angaqabuka	—	engaqabuka	angeqabuke	—	engeqabuke
Class 2	bangaqabuka	—	bengaqabuka	bangeqabuke	—	bengeqabuke
Class 3	ungaqabuka	—	ungaqabuka	ungeqabuke	—	ungeqabuke
Class 4	ingaqabuka	—	ingaqabuka	ingeqabuke	—	ingeqabuke
Class 5	lingaqabuka	—	lingaqabuka	lingeqabuke	—	lingeqabuke
Class 6	angaqabuka	—	engaqabuka	angeqabuke	—	engeqabuke
Class 7	singaqabuka	—	singaqabuka	singeqabuke	—	singeqabuke
Class 8	zingaqabuka	—	zingaqabuka	zingeqabuke	—	zingeqabuke
Class 9	ingaqabuka	—	ingaqabuka	ingeqabuke	—	ingeqabuke
Class 10	zingaqabuka	—	zingaqabuka	zingeqabuke	—	zingeqabuke
Class 11	lungaqabuka	—	lungaqabuka	lungeqabuke	—	lungeqabuke
Class 14	bungaqabuka	—	bungaqabuka	bungeqabuke	—	bungeqabuke
Class 15	kungaqabuka	—	kungaqabuka	kungeqabuke	—	kungeqabuke
Class 17	kungaqabuka	—	kungaqabuka	kungeqabuke	—	kungeqabuke
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizoqabuka	engizoqabuka	ngizoqabuka	angizuqabuka	engingezuqabuka	ngingezuqabuka
2nd singular	uzoqabuka	ozoqabuka	uzoqabuka	awuzuqabuka	ongezuqabuka	ungezuqabuka
1st plural	sizoqabuka	esizoqabuka	sizoqabuka	asizuqabuka	esingezuqabuka	singezuqabuka
2nd plural	nizoqabuka	enizoqabuka	nizoqabuka	anizuqabuka	eningezuqabuka	ningezuqabuka
Class 1	uzoqabuka	ozoqabuka	ezoqabuka	akazuqabuka	ongezuqabuka	engezuqabuka
Class 2	bazoqabuka	abazoqabuka	bezoqabuka	abazuqabuka	abangezuqabuka	bengezuqabuka
Class 3	uzoqabuka	ozoqabuka	uzoqabuka	awuzuqabuka	ongezuqabuka	ungezuqabuka
Class 4	izoqabuka	ezoqabuka	izoqabuka	ayizuqabuka	engezuqabuka	ingezuqabuka
Class 5	lizoqabuka	elizoqabuka	lizoqabuka	alizuqabuka	elingezuqabuka	lingezuqabuka
Class 6	azoqabuka	azoqabuka	ezoqabuka	awazuqabuka	angezuqabuka	engezuqabuka
Class 7	sizoqabuka	esizoqabuka	sizoqabuka	asizuqabuka	esingezuqabuka	singezuqabuka
Class 8	zizoqabuka	ezizoqabuka	zizoqabuka	azizuqabuka	ezingezuqabuka	zingezuqabuka
Class 9	izoqabuka	ezoqabuka	izoqabuka	ayizuqabuka	engezuqabuka	ingezuqabuka
Class 10	zizoqabuka	ezizoqabuka	zizoqabuka	azizuqabuka	ezingezuqabuka	zingezuqabuka
Class 11	luzoqabuka	oluzoqabuka	luzoqabuka	aluzuqabuka	olungezuqabuka	lungezuqabuka
Class 14	buzoqabuka	obuzoqabuka	buzoqabuka	abuzuqabuka	obungezuqabuka	bungezuqabuka
Class 15	kuzoqabuka	okuzoqabuka	kuzoqabuka	akuzuqabuka	okungezuqabuka	kungezuqabuka
Class 17	kuzoqabuka	okuzoqabuka	kuzoqabuka	akuzuqabuka	okungezuqabuka	kungezuqabuka
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyoqabuka	engiyoqabuka	ngiyoqabuka	angiyuqabuka	engingeyuqabuka	ngingeyuqabuka
2nd singular	uyoqabuka	oyoqabuka	uyoqabuka	awuyuqabuka	ongeyuqabuka	ungeyuqabuka
1st plural	siyoqabuka	esiyoqabuka	siyoqabuka	asiyuqabuka	esingeyuqabuka	singeyuqabuka
2nd plural	niyoqabuka	eniyoqabuka	niyoqabuka	aniyuqabuka	eningeyuqabuka	ningeyuqabuka
Class 1	uyoqabuka	oyoqabuka	eyoqabuka	akayuqabuka	ongeyuqabuka	engeyuqabuka
Class 2	bayoqabuka	abayoqabuka	beyoqabuka	abayuqabuka	abangeyuqabuka	bengeyuqabuka
Class 3	uyoqabuka	oyoqabuka	uyoqabuka	awuyuqabuka	ongeyuqabuka	ungeyuqabuka
Class 4	iyoqabuka	eyoqabuka	iyoqabuka	ayiyuqabuka	engeyuqabuka	ingeyuqabuka
Class 5	liyoqabuka	eliyoqabuka	liyoqabuka	aliyuqabuka	elingeyuqabuka	lingeyuqabuka
Class 6	ayoqabuka	ayoqabuka	eyoqabuka	awayuqabuka	angeyuqabuka	engeyuqabuka
Class 7	siyoqabuka	esiyoqabuka	siyoqabuka	asiyuqabuka	esingeyuqabuka	singeyuqabuka
Class 8	ziyoqabuka	eziyoqabuka	ziyoqabuka	aziyuqabuka	ezingeyuqabuka	zingeyuqabuka
Class 9	iyoqabuka	eyoqabuka	iyoqabuka	ayiyuqabuka	engeyuqabuka	ingeyuqabuka
Class 10	ziyoqabuka	eziyoqabuka	ziyoqabuka	aziyuqabuka	ezingeyuqabuka	zingeyuqabuka
Class 11	luyoqabuka	oluyoqabuka	luyoqabuka	aluyuqabuka	olungeyuqabuka	lungeyuqabuka
Class 14	buyoqabuka	obuyoqabuka	buyoqabuka	abuyuqabuka	obungeyuqabuka	bungeyuqabuka
Class 15	kuyoqabuka	okuyoqabuka	kuyoqabuka	akuyuqabuka	okungeyuqabuka	kungeyuqabuka
Class 17	kuyoqabuka	okuyoqabuka	kuyoqabuka	akuyuqabuka	okungeyuqabuka	kungeyuqabuka
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngiqabuke	ngingaqabuki
2nd singular	uqabuke	ungaqabuki
1st plural	siqabuke	singaqabuki
2nd plural	niqabuke	ningaqabuki
Class 1	aqabuke	angaqabuki
Class 2	baqabuke	bangaqabuki
Class 3	uqabuke	ungaqabuki
Class 4	iqabuke	ingaqabuki
Class 5	liqabuke	lingaqabuki
Class 6	aqabuke	angaqabuki
Class 7	siqabuke	singaqabuki
Class 8	ziqabuke	zingaqabuki
Class 9	iqabuke	ingaqabuki
Class 10	ziqabuke	zingaqabuki
Class 11	luqabuke	lungaqabuki
Class 14	buqabuke	bungaqabuki
Class 15	kuqabuke	kungaqabuki
Class 17	kuqabuke	kungaqabuki
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngaqabuka	ngangaqabuka, angaqabuka, angangaqabuka
2nd singular	waqabuka	wangaqabuka, awaqabuka, awangaqabuka
1st plural	saqabuka	sangaqabuka, asaqabuka, asangaqabuka
2nd plural	naqabuka	nangaqabuka, anaqabuka, anangaqabuka
Class 1	waqabuka	wangaqabuka, akaqabuka, akangaqabuka
Class 2	baqabuka	bangaqabuka, abaqabuka, abangaqabuka
Class 3	waqabuka	wangaqabuka, awaqabuka, awangaqabuka
Class 4	yaqabuka	yangaqabuka, ayaqabuka, ayangaqabuka
Class 5	laqabuka	langaqabuka, alaqabuka, alangaqabuka
Class 6	aqabuka	angaqabuka, awaqabuka, awangaqabuka
Class 7	saqabuka	sangaqabuka, asaqabuka, asangaqabuka
Class 8	zaqabuka	zangaqabuka, azaqabuka, azangaqabuka
Class 9	yaqabuka	yangaqabuka, ayaqabuka, ayangaqabuka
Class 10	zaqabuka	zangaqabuka, azaqabuka, azangaqabuka
Class 11	lwaqabuka	lwangaqabuka, alwaqabuka, alwangaqabuka
Class 14	baqabuka	bangaqabuka, abaqabuka, abangaqabuka
Class 15	kwaqabuka	kwangaqabuka, akwaqabuka, akwangaqabuka
Class 17	kwaqabuka	kwangaqabuka, akwaqabuka, akwangaqabuka

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “qaɓuka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “qaɓuka (3.2.9)”