Manual Practico de Voladura EXSA
Manual Practico de Voladura EXSA
Manual Practico de Voladura EXSA
TESIS
PRESENTADA POR:
HUANCAYO – PERÚ
2016
ii
DEDICATORIA
EN MEMORIA
A mis padres y hermanos
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AGRADECIMIENTO
RESUMEN
para la subsistencia de todos los seres vivos, pero el agua se agota sin control, debido a
varios factores, entre ellos el mal uso del agua potable. La ciudad de Huancayo, no es
la excepción, a pesar de saber que el agua además de ser necesario para la subsistencia
del hombre, también es fuente importante porque también interviene en otras actividades
generación de energía eléctrica, en la construcción, etc. sin embargo sus fuentes de agua
como para remplazarlo por lo menos parcialmente con el agua pluvial, el que existe en
con datos que corresponde a un periodo de cinco años desde el 2010 al 2014, en lo
nos permite afirmar que en la ciudad de Huancayo existe déficit en cuanto se refiere a la
captación de agua, para utilizarlo y atender a la población, por tanto, a fin de paliar el
déficit es necesario emplear al agua pluvial, básicamente para el uso en inodoros, riego
el impacto ecológico; el uso del agua potable actualmente satisface parcialmente las
tienen la posibilidad de hacer uso del agua potable: referente al agua pluvial su uso
Huancayo debido a que el agua potable no satisface las necesidades de 8002 habitantes
en promedio desde los años 2010 al 2014, quienes sobreviven haciendo uso de alguna
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Huancayo para el uso del agua pluvial en la conservación de la ecología es buena debido
impacto ecológico.
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ABSTRACT
The thesis model eco-efficient strategic management in the use of drinking and
knowledge that in all countries of the world, water is necessary for the survival of all
living beings, but the water runs out of control due to several factors, including the
misuse of potable water. The city of Huancayo, is no exception, although we know that
water as well as being necessary for the survival of man, it is also an important source
because it is involved in other activities such as; in agriculture for the production
and export of products, power generation, construction, but its water sources are
depleted creating a negative ecological impact, and not some alternatives to replace
it are sought, at least partially with rainwater, when there grades amounts that are
lost in times of winter as in the case of Huancayo City, that is the reason that motivated
us to conduct research, for which we formulate the following problem: to what extent
a model of eco-efficient strategic management in the use of potable water and rainwater
will mitigate the environmental impact in the city of Huancayo ?, aiming; determine the
water and rainwater will allow mitigate the environmental impact in the city of
model of strategic management in the use of potable water and rainwater, will
method scientific method and the dialectical method, as a general method inductive
method - deductive and logical, and as specific methods analysis and synthesis; the type
research, causal, the sample consisted of 381 citizens of Huancayo and 25 specialist
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water management, the techniques used was the Survey, Registry whose Instruments
They were the questionnaire and registration Guide. The data collection was carried
out using the various institutions, each within five years from 2010 to 2014, which
drinking water, water consumption in car washes, parks and gardens, also the registration
guide and previously validated survey was used as a research tool by Cronbach
reliability coefficient.
At the same time the information gathered and after careful analysis we can say
that in the city of Huancayo there is a deficit as regards water abstraction, to use and
serve the population, therefore, in order to alleviate the deficit it is necessary to use the
rainwater, especially for use in toilets, irrigation of parks, gardens and washing cars,
so try to cover 100% of the water requirements of the population. Finally we conclude
that the model of eco-efficient strategic management in the use of potable water and
rainwater will significantly mitigate the environmental impact in the city of Huancayo
because the evaluation applied reaches on average 3.88 points on the scale 1 to 5,
therefore the model will significantly mitigate the environmental impact; the use of
drinking water currently partially meets the needs of the population of the city of
Huancayo, because there is a deficit of 480,145.64 m3 per year and on average there
are approximately 8002 inhabitants who do not have the possibility to make use of
drinking water; rainwater is relatively used to meet the needs of the population of the
city of Huancayo because the drinking water does not meet the needs of 8002 people
on average from the years 2010 to 2014, who survive by making use of rainwater
and groundwater extracted of artesian wells and the degree of readiness of the
good, because on average most people say they have partially of drinking water in
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only reached 2.42 while investigated as to the degree of readiness of the population of
the city of Huancayo to use rainwater conservation ecology is good because their
SUMARIO
sobrevivência de todos os seres vivos, mas a água esteja fora de controle devido a vários
excepção, embora saibamos que a água, bem como sendo necessária para a
geração de energia, construção, mas suas fontes de água estão esgotadas criando um
impacto ecológico negativo, e não algumas alternativas para substituí-lo são procurados,
pelo menos parcialmente com água da chuva, quando lá graus quantidades que são
perdidos em tempos de inverno como no caso de Huancayo City, que é a razão que
nos motivou a realizar pesquisas, para o qual formulamos o seguinte problema: até
uso de água potável e de águas pluviais permitirá mitigar o impacto ambiental na cidade
modelo de gestão estratégica no uso de água potável e de águas pluviais, irá atenuar
eles foram Guia do questionário e registro. A coleta de dados foi realizada utilizando
volume de captação de água para beber, precipitação, a água da chuva, água potável, o
água, usar e servir a população, portanto, a fim de aliviar o déficit é necessário usar a
jardins e lavar carros, de modo a tentar cobrir 100% das necessidades de água da
população. Por fim, concluímos que o modelo de gestão estratégica eco- eficientes no
480,145.64 m3 por ano e, em média, existem cerca de 8002 habitantes que não têm a
potável não atender às necessidades de 8002 pessoas, em média, a partir dos anos de
2010 a 2014, que sobrevivem por meio da utilização de águas pluviais e águas
porque, em média, a maioria das pessoas dizem que têm parcialmente de água
eficientes.
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ÍNDICE
CARÁTULA i
DEDICATORIA ii
AGRADECIMIENTO iii
RESUMEN iv
ABSTRACT vii
SUMARIO x
INTRODUCCIÓN 1
CAPÍTULO I
CAPÍTULO II
INVESTIGACIÓN
DEL PROBLEMA 61
Estratégica 64
amplio. 67
2.5.1.6. Ecoeficiencia 68
Ecoeficiente 68
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2.5.2.2. Hidrología 90
CAPÍTULO III
METODOLOGÍA DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN
INVESTIGACIÓN: 101
INVESTIGACIÓN 104
DE INVESTIGACIÓN 106
CAPÍTULO IV
HIPÓTESIS
INFORMACIÓN 114
RESULTADOS 150
INVESTIGACIÓN 159
INVESTIGACIÓN 160
INVESTIGACIÓN 161
CONCLUSIONES
RECOMENDACIONES
BIBLIOGRAFÍA
ANEXOS
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ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS
Figura 2: Uso del agua para diversos fines para el año 1992. 6
Nevado de Huaytapallana 43
2006). 49
hogar 117
Figura 15: Cree usted que todos debemos cuidar el agua potable 118
Figura 16: Usted participaría en la preservación del agua potable y pluvial 119
Figura 17: Usted tendría la predisposición para el uso del agua pluvial en los
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inodoros 120
Figura 19: Usted estaría de acuerdo en usar el agua pluvial para regar parques
y jardines 122
Figura 20: Usted tiene la predisposición para la conservación del suelo 123
Figura 21: Usted emplearía el agua pluvial en la conservación del suelo 124
Figura 29: Los objetivos estratégicos del modelo están claramente definido 132
la realidad 137
implementarlo 138
implementación
Figura 42: Laguna de Lasuntay (imagen que muestra el área recuperable) 169
ÍNDICE DE TABLAS
hogar 117
Tabla 10: Cree usted que todos debemos cuidar el agua potable 118
Tabla 11: Usted participaría en la preservación del agua potable y pluvial 119
Tabla 12: Usted t endría la predisposición para el uso del agua pluvial en los
inodoros 120
Tabla 14: Usted estaría de acuerdo en usar el agua pluvial para regar parques y
jardines 122
Tabla 15: Usted tiene la predisposición para la conservación del suelo 123
Tabla 16: Usted emplearía el agua pluvial en la conservación del suelo 124
Tabla 24: Los objetivos estratégicos del modelo están claramente definido 132
la realidad 137
Implementarlo 138
implementación 141
Tabla 39: Planilla climatológica del volumen de precipitación pluvial del 2010
Tabla 40: Planilla climatológica del volumen de precipitación pluvial del 2010