Presentacion Producto Tranacix en General
Presentacion Producto Tranacix en General
Presentacion Producto Tranacix en General
Ácido Tranexámico
en Melasma
Dr Christian Diehl
Universitá Degli Studi G. Marconi
Rome - Italy
ÁCIDO TRANEXÁMICO -
GENERALIDADES
Palabra CLAVE: Indice MASI (Melasma Area and severity Index - Indice de Area y Severidad del Melasma)
ÁCIDO TRANEXÁMICO EN
DERMATOLOGÍA
• La primera mencion del AT en dermatología
fue en 1979. López-Gonzaléz et al.
reportaron un excelente resultado usando AT
oral en prurigo actínico [1].
• Mucho más tarde se estudió el AT en
dermatología en 1998, cuando Maeda
demostró in vitro que AT era capaz de
bloquear la melanogénesis. [2]
• Las siguientes publicaciones no fueron antes
del 2008 y se vuelven cada vez más
frecuentes.
1. López González G, Parra C, Billene RN et al. Actinic prurigo. Treatment with antifibribolytics. Med Cutan Ibero Lat Am. 1979;7(1-
3):19-26.
2. Maeda K, Naganuma M. Topical trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid prevents ultraviolet radiation-induced
pigmentation. J Photochem Photobiol B. 1998 Dec;47(2-3):136-41.
AT ORAL EN DERMATOLOGÍA
AT ORAL EN MELASMA
AT
500mg/día
D0 D90
AT 500mg/día durante 3 meses
Karn, D., KC S, Amatya, A., Razouria, E. A., & Timalsina, M. (2012). Oral tranexamic acid for the treatment of melasma. Kathmandu University Medical Journal, 10, 40–43.
AT ORAL EN MELASMA
AT
500mg/día
D0 D90
AT 500mg/día durante 3 meses
Tan, A. W., Sen, P., Chua, S. H., & Goh, B. K. (2016). Oral tranexamic acid lightens refractory melasma. Australasian Journal of Dermatology. doi: 10.1111/ajd.12474.
AT ORAL EN MELASMA
AT
500mg/día
D0 D180
AT 500mg/día durante 6 meses
Wu, S., Shi, H., Wu, H., Yan, S., Guo, J., Sun, Y., & Pan, L. (2012). Treatment of melasma with oral administration of tranexamic acid. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 36, 964–970.
AT ORAL EN MELASMA
AT
500mg/día
D0 D180
AT 500mg/día durante 6 meses
Aamir, S., & Naseem, R. (2014). Oral tranexamic acid in treatment of melasma in Pakistani population: A pilot study. Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatologists, 24, 198–203.
EFECTOS SECUNDARIOS SISTÉMICOS DE AT
• Embolismo pulmonar
• Trombosis venosa profunda
• Infarto de miocardio
• Infarto cerebrovascular
• Trombosis uterina
• Necrosis renal aguda
• Ataques
AT TÓPICO EN MELASMA
AT TÓPICO EN MELASMA
2% AT 2/día
3% AT
2 veces/día
D0 D90
AT tópico al 3% 2xdía durante 3 meses
Steiner, D., Feola, C., Bialeski, N., de Morais e Silva, F. A., Antioro, A. C. P., Addor, F. A. S, & Folino, B. B. (2009). Study evaluating the efficacy of topical and injected tranexamic acid in
treatment of melasma. Surgical and Cosmetic Dermatology, 1, 174–177.
AT TÓPICO EN MELASMA
3% AT
2 veces/día
D0 D90
IPL
IPL
4 sesiones +
2% AT 4 sesiones
D0 D60 D90
IPL (4 sesiones) + AT tópico al 2% 2xdía durante 3 meses
Chung JY, Lee JH, Lee JH. Topical tranexamic acid as an adjuvant treatment in melasma: Side-by-side comparison clinical study. J Dermatolog Treat. 2016 Aug;27(4):373-7.
MELASMA
• Una causa común de hiperpigmentación facial
afectando a millones de individuos en el
mundo.
• Exposición al sol, anticonceptivos orales y
embarazo pueden exacerbar el melasma.
• El tratamiento incluye agentes despigmentantes
tópicos, peelings químicos, láser y dispositivos
de energía.
MELASMA AND PHOTOTYPES
Hexsel D, Lacerda DA, Cavalcante AS, Machado Filho CA, Kalil CL, Ayres EL, et al. Epidemiology of melasma in Brazilian
patients: a multicenter study. Int J Dermatol. 2013;53:440-4.
Guinot C, Cheffai S, Latreille J, Dhaoui MA, Youssef S, Jaber K, et al. Aggravating factors for melasma: a prospective study in
197 Tunisian patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2010;24:1060-9.
MELASMA - PATOGÉNESIS
• Las causas principales son clásicamente factores genéticos,
exposición al sol, y un papel de las hormonas femeninas.
• Factores recién descubiertos en la patogénesis del melasma
incluyen factores dérmicos como son:
• Mastocitos, cuya liberación de histamina fue identificada como
estimuladora de la melanogénesis. De hecho, existe un aumento del
número de mastocitos en lesiones de melasma [3].
• Papel potencial de la vasculatura dérmica alterada, con el aumento del
número, tamaño y densidad de los vasos sanguíneos en lesiones de
melasma, con también el aumento de VEGF [4,5].
3. Fernandez-Barrera R, Torres-Alvarez B, Castanedo-Cazares JP et al. Solar elastosis and presence of mast cells as
key features in the pathogenesis of melasma. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2008;33(3):305-308.
4. Na JI1, Choi SY, Yang SH et al. Effect of tranexamic acid on melasma: a clinical trial with histological evaluation.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013 Aug;27(8):1035-9.
5. Crivellato E, Nico B, Ribatti D. Mast cells and tumour angiogenesis: new insight from experimental carcinogenesis.
Cancer Lett 2008; 269: 1–6.
MELASMA - PATOGÉNESIS
MECANISMO DE ACCIÓN DE AT EN MELASMA
9. Kal HB, Struikmans H, Gebbink MF, Voest EE. Response of rat prostate and lung tumors to ionizing radiation combined
with the angiogenesis inhibitor AMCA. Strahlenther Onkol 2004; 180: 798–804.
10. Bastaki M, Nelli EE, Dell’Era P et al. Basic fibroblast growth factor induced angiogenic phenotype in mouse
endothelium. A study of aortic and microvascular endothelial cell lines. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997; 17: 454–464.
11. Atefi N, Dalvand B, Ghassemi M, Mehran G, Heydarian A. Therapeutic Effects of Topical Tranexamic Acid in
Comparison with Hydroquinone in Treatment of Women with Melasma. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2017 Sep;7(3):417-424.
MECANISMO DE ACCIÓN DE AT EN
MELASMA
TOXICIDAD DEL ÁCIDO
TRANEXÁMICO
• Toxicidad aguda:
• Rata Oral DL 50 >10,000 mg/kg
• Ratón Oral DL 50>10,000 mg/kg
• Rata Intravenoso DL 50 1,330mg/kg
• Ratón Intravenoso DL 50 1,350mg/kg
• Rata Subcutáneo DL 50 4,620mg/kg
• Toxicidad Genética:
• In Vivo Negativa
• In Vitro Negativa
• Carcinogenicidad:
• Ratón Oral 5 g/kg/día LOAEL (Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level)
TA con Microneedling
Saleh FY, Abdel-Azim ES, Ragaie MH et al. Topical tranexamic acid with microneedling versus microneedling alone
in treatment of melasma: clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical study. Journal of the Egyptian
Women's Dermatologic Society 2019; 16:2, 89-96.
TA con Microneedling
Saleh FY, Abdel-Azim ES, Ragaie MH et al. Topical tranexamic acid with microneedling versus microneedling
alone in treatment of melasma: clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical study. Journal of the
Egyptian Women's Dermatologic Society 2019; 16:2, 89-96.
TA INTRADÉRMICO
• TA oral 500mg/día (G1) vs. TA 0.4% intradérmico 1xmes (G2)– 3 meses.
• Reducción de MASI a 3 meses: 78% en G1 y 79% en G2.
Sharma R, Mahajan VK, Mehta KS et al. Therapeutic efficacy and safety of oral tranexamic acid and that of
tranexamic acid local infiltration with microinjections in patients with melasma: a comparative study. Clin Exp
Dermatol 2017; 42(7):728-734.
TA INTRADÉRMICO
Sharma R, Mahajan VK, Mehta KS et al. Therapeutic efficacy and safety of oral tranexamic acid and that of
tranexamic acid local infiltration with microinjections in patients with melasma: a comparative study. Clin Exp
Dermatol 2017; 42(7):728-734.
TA INTRADÉRMICO
Sharma R, Mahajan VK, Mehta KS et al. Therapeutic efficacy and safety of oral tranexamic acid and that of
tranexamic acid local infiltration with microinjections in patients with melasma: a comparative study. Clin Exp
Dermatol 2017; 42(7):728-734.
TA INTRADÉRMICO 2% vs. HIDROQUINONA 2% TÓPICA
• En un lado del rostro, inyecciones intradérmicas de AT 2% 3xmes – 3 meses.
• En el otro lado, 1xdía hidroquinona 2% crema – 3 meses
Reducción del nivel de melanina
620
610
600
590
580
570
560
550
D0 D30 D60 D90
AT 2% ID HQ 2% cream
Saki N, Darayesh M, Heiran A. Comparing the efficacy of topical hydroquinone 2% versus intradermal tranexamic
acid microinjections in treating melasma: a split-face controlled trial. Journal of Dermatological Treatment 2018,
29:4, 405-410.
TA INTRADÉRMICO 2% vs. HIDROQUINONA 2% TÓPICA
HQ AT
D0 D90 D0 D90
HQ AT HQ AT
D0 D90 D0 D90
Saki N, Darayesh M, Heiran A. Comparing the efficacy of topical hydroquinone 2% versus intradermal tranexamic
acid microinjections in treating melasma: a split-face controlled trial. Journal of Dermatological Treatment 2018,
29:4, 405-410.
TA INTRADÉRMICO 0.4% o 1% vs. HIDROQUINONA 4%
• En un lado del rostro, inyecciones intradérmicas de AT 0.4% o 1% 2xmes – 3 meses.
• En el otro lado, 2xdía hidroquinona 4% crema – 3 meses
AT 0.4% HQ 4% AT 1% HQ 4%
Pazyar N. Yaghoobi R, Zeynalie M et al. Comparison of the efficacy of intradermal injected tranexamic acid vs
hydroquinone cream in the treatment of melasma. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology 2019:12
115–122.
TA INTRADÉRMICO 0.4% o 1% vs. HIDROQUINONA 4%
D0 D90 D0 D90
AT 1% HQ 4%
Pazyar N. Yaghoobi R, Zeynalie M et al. Comparison of the efficacy of intradermal injected tranexamic acid vs
hydroquinone cream in the treatment of melasma. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology 2019:12
115–122.
TA INTRADÉRMICO 10% + HQ4% vs. HQ 4% sola
• Un lado del rostro con HQ 4% 1xdía vs. El otro lado con HQ 4% 1xdía +
TA 10% ID 1xmes – 4 meses.
0
D0 D120
HQ 4% HQ 4% + AT 10%
Tehranchinia Z, Saghi B, Rahimi H. Evaluation of Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety of Tranexamic Acid Local
Infiltration in Combination with Topical 4% Hydroquinone Cream Compared to Topical 4% Hydroquinone Cream
Alone in Patients with Melasma: A Split-Face Study. Dermatology Research and Practice Volume 2018, Article ID
8350317, 5 pages
TA INTRADÉRMICO 10% + HQ4% vs. HQ 4% sola
HQ 4%
HQ 4%
+ TA 10%
D0 D120 D0 D120
Tehranchinia Z, Saghi B, Rahimi H. Evaluation of Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety of Tranexamic Acid Local
Infiltration in Combination with Topical 4% Hydroquinone Cream Compared to Topical 4% Hydroquinone Cream
Alone in Patients with Melasma: A Split-Face Study. Dermatology Research and Practice Volume 2018, Article ID
8350317, 5 pages
TA 5% TÓPICO vs. HQ 3%
• 50 Pacientes con TA 5% 1xdía y 50 pacientes con HQ 3% 1xdía – 3 meses.
Janney MS, Subramaniyan R, Dabas R et al. A Randomized Controlled Study Comparing the Efficacy of Topical 5%
Tranexamic Acid Solution versus 3% Hydroquinone Cream in Melasma. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2019; 12(1): 63–67.
TA 5% TÓPICO vs. HQ 3%
HQ 3%
+ TA 5%
D0 D90
HQ 3%
D0 D90
Janney MS, Subramaniyan R, Dabas R et al. A Randomized Controlled Study Comparing the Efficacy of Topical 5%
Tranexamic Acid Solution versus 3% Hydroquinone Cream in Melasma. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2019; 12(1): 63–67.
TA ORAL + TA 3% TÓPICO vs. TA ORAL +
ÁCIDO AZELAICO 20% TÓPICO
• TA oral 500mg x día + TA tópico 3% 2 x día vs. TA oral 500mg x día + ácido
azelaico 20% tópico 2 x día – 6 meses.
Evolución del MASI
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
0
D0 D60 D120 D180
Malik F, Halif MM, Mustafa G. Combination of Oral Tranexamic Acid with Topical 3% Tranexamic Acid versus Oral
Tranexamic Acid with Topical 20% Azelaic Acid in the Treatment of Melasma. Journal of the College of Physicians
and Surgeons Pakistan 2019, Vol. 29 (6): 502-504.
AT TÓPICO CON NIACINAMIDA EN
HIPERPIGMENTACIÓN FACIAL
2% NIA +
2% AT
D0 D60
Laothaworn V, Jungtonjing P. Topical 3% tranexamic acid enhances the efficacy of 1064-nm Q-switched
neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser in the treatment of melasma. Journal of Cosmetic and Laser
Therapy, DOI: 10.1080/14764172.2018.1427869
TA 3% TÓPICO CON 1064-nm Q-switched
neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet
laser
Combinación
D0 D30 D60
Laser solo
Laothaworn V, Jungtonjing P. Topical 3% tranexamic acid enhances the efficacy of 1064-nm Q-switched
neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser in the treatment of melasma. Journal of Cosmetic and Laser
Therapy, DOI: 10.1080/14764172.2018.1427869
TA en Hiperpigmentación Postinflamatoria
(HPI)
Kim JK, Chang SE, Won CH et al. Dramatic Improvement of Long Lasting Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation
by Oral and Topical Tranexamic Acid. Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications, 2012, 2,
62-63.
Microneedling vs. Laser fraccional CO2
Microneedling
Laser CO2
Microneedling
Laser CO2
43.5% 39.2%
% de reducción MASI
Y LO MÁS SEGURO?
Diehl C. Use of tranexamic acid in melasma. Ukr. J. Dermatol. Venereol. Cosmet. 2019; DOI:
http://doi.org/10.30978/UJDVK2019-3-104.
Y LO MÁS SEGURO?
Diehl C. Use of tranexamic acid in melasma. Ukr. J. Dermatol. Venereol. Cosmet. 2019; DOI:
http://doi.org/10.30978/UJDVK2019-3-104.
Y LO MÁS SEGURO?
Diehl C. Use of tranexamic acid in melasma. Ukr. J. Dermatol. Venereol. Cosmet. 2019; DOI:
http://doi.org/10.30978/UJDVK2019-3-104.
CONCLUSIÓN