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Léopold Sédar Senghor

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Léopold Sédar Senghor
human
Ein sex anaa gendermale Edit
Country wey e be citizenSenegal, France Edit
Name in native languageLéopold Sédar Senghor Edit
Name wey dem give amLéopold, Sédar Edit
Family nameSenghor Edit
Ein date of birth9 October 1906 Edit
Place dem born amJoal-Fadiouth Edit
Date wey edie20 December 2001 Edit
Place wey edieVerson Edit
Place wey dem bury amBel-Air Cemetery Edit
SpouseColette Hubert, Ginette Éboué Edit
RelativeCharles M. Huber, Simone Sow Edit
Native languageFrench Edit
Languages edey speak, rep anaa signFrench Edit
Ein occupationpolitician, poet, writer, French resistance fighter, philosopher Edit
Field for workpoetry, politics Edit
Educate forFaculty of Arts of Paris, École Normale Supérieure, Lycée Louis-le-Grand Edit
Academic degreeagrégation de grammaire Edit
Work locationParis Edit
Work period (start)1935 Edit
Political party ein memberFrench Section of the Workers' International, Socialist Party of Senegal Edit
Candidacy in electionSenegalese presidential election, 1963, Senegalese presidential election, 1968, Senegalese presidential election, 1973 Edit
Religion anaa worldviewCatholic Church Edit
Notable workHosties noires, Éthiopiques, Oeuvre poétique Edit
Dem nominate forNobel Prize in Literature Edit
Assessmentagrégation de grammaire Edit
Has works in the collectionThe Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art Edit
Copyright status as creatorworks protected by copyrights Edit

Léopold Sédar Senghor (/sɒŋˈɡɔːr/; French: [sɑ̃ɡɔʁ]; 9 October 1906 – 20 December 2001) na he be Senegalese politician, cultural theorist den poet wey serve as de first presido of Senegal from 1960 to 1980.

Ideologically an African socialist, na Senghor be one of de major theoreticians of Négritude. Na he be a proponent of African culture, black identity, den African empowerment within de framework of French-African ties. Na he advocate for de extension of full civil den political rights for France ein African territories while he dey argue dat French Africans go be better off within a federal French structure dan as independent nation-states.

Senghor cam turn de first presido of independent Senegal. He fall out plus ein long-standing associate Mamadou Dia, wey na he be de prime minister of Senegal, wey he arrest am on suspicion of he dey foment a coup wey he imprison am for 12 years. Senghor establish an authoritarian one-party state insyd Senegal wer na he prohibit all rival political parties.

Na Senghor be de founder of de Senegalese Democratic Bloc party insyd 1948. Na he be de first African dem elect as a member of de Académie française wey he win de 1985 International Nonino Prize insyd Italy. Dem dey regard Senghor by chaw people as one of de most important African intellectuals of de 20th century.

Global policy

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Na he be one of de signatories of de agreement make dem convene a convention for drafting a world constitution.[1][2][3] As a result, for de first time insyd human history, dem convene a World Constituent Assembly make dem draft den adopt de Constitution for the Federation of Earth.[4]

Honours den awards

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Léopold Sédar Senghor receive an honoris causa from de University of Salamanca

Senghor receive several honours insyd de course of ein life. Na dem make am Grand-Croix of de Légion d'honneur, Grand-Croix of de l'Ordre national du Mérite, commander of arts den letters. He sanso receive academic palms den de Grand Cross of de National Order of the Lion. Ein war exploits earn am de Reconnaissance Franco-alliée Medal of 1939–1945 den de Combattant Cross of 1939–1945. He receive honorary doctorates from thirty-seven universities.

Senghor receive de Commemorative Medal of de 2500th Anniversary of de founding of de Persian Empire for 14 October 1971.[5]

For 13 November 1978, he wna dem create am a Knight of de Collar of de Order of Isabella de Catholic of Spain. Members of de order at de rank of Knight den above dey enjoy personal nobility wey dem get de privilege of adding a golden heraldic mantle to dema coats of arms. Those at de rank of de Collar sanso receive de official style "His or Her Most Excellent Lord".[6][7]

Dat same year, Senghor receive an honoris causa from de University of Salamanca.

Insyd 1983, na dem award am de Dr. Leopold Lucas Prize by de University of Tübingen.[8]

De Senghor French Language International University, na dem officially gbele am insyd Alexandria insyd 1990 dem name am after am.

Insyd 1994, na dem award am de Lifetime Achievement Award by de African Studies Association; however, na controversy dey about whether he meet de standard of contributing "a lifetime record of outstanding scholarship in African studies and service to the Africanist community."[9] Michael Mbabuike, presido of de New York African Studies Association (NYASA), claim say de award sanso dey honour those wey na dem work "to make the world a better place for mankind."[10]

Dem rename de airport of Dakar Aéroport International Léopold Sédar Senghor insyd 1996, for ein 90th birthday.[11]

Dem rename de Passerelle Solférino insyd Paris after am insyd 2006, for de centenary of ein birth.

Acknowledgement

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  • Member of de Académie française
  • Member of de Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques
  • Member of de Bayerische Akademie der Schönen Künste
  • Member of de Royal Academy of Morocco
  • Honorary Fellow of de Sahitya Akademi[12]

Honorary degrees

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  • Mzuzu University
  • Paris-Sorbonne University
  • Harvard University
  • Yale University
  • University of Oxford
  • Université catholique de Louvain
  • Université de Montréal
  • Université Laval
  • Goethe University Frankfurt
  • University of Vienna
  • University of Salzburg
  • Paris Descartes University
  • University of Bordeaux
  • University of Strasbourg
  • Nancy 2 University
  • University of Padua
  • University of Salamanca
  • University of Évora
  • Federal University of Bahia

Summary of Orders he receive

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Senegalese national honours

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Ribbon bar Honour
SEN Order of the Lion - Grand Cross BAR Grand Master & Collar of de National Order of the Lion
Order of Merit - Grand Cross (Senegal) - ribbon bar Grand Master & Collar of de National Order of Merit

Foreign honours

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Ribbon bar Country Honour
FIN Order of the White Rose Grand Cross BAR Finland Grand Cross of de Order of the White Rose of Finland
France Grand Cross of de National Order of de Legion of Honour
France Grand Cross of de National Order of Merit
Palmes academiques Commandeur ribbon France Commander of de Ordre des Palmes académiques (Officer: 13 October 1947[13])
Ordre des Arts et des Lettres Commandeur ribbon France Commander of de Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
Croix du Combattant (1930 France) ribbon France Volunteer combatant's cross
25th Anniversary Medal 1971 Iran Commemorative Medal of de 2,500 year celebration of de Persian Empire[5]
Italy Knight Grand Cross plus Collar Order of Merit of de Italian Republic
Morocco First Class of de Order of Intellectual Merit
PRT Order of Saint James of the Sword - Grand Collar BAR Portugal Grand Collar of de Military Order of Saint James of the Sword
South Korea Grand Cross of de Grand Order of Mugunghwa
Spain Knight of de Collar of de Order of Isabella the Catholic[7]
Order of the Republic (Tunisia) - ribbon bar Tunisia Grand Cordon of de Order of the Republic
TN Order Merit Rib Tunisia Grand Collar of de National Order of Merit of Tunisia
Vatican Knight of de Order of Pope Pius IX
Yugoslavia Great Star of de Order of de Yugoslav Star[14]

Senghor ein works

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  • Prière aux masques (c. 1935 – dem publish insyd collected works during de 1940s).
  • Chants d'ombre (1945)
  • Hosties noires (1948)
  • Anthologie de la nouvelle poésie nègre et malgache (1948)
  • La Belle Histoire de Leuk-le-Lièvre (1953)
  • Éthiopiques (1956)
  • Nocturnes (1961). (English tr. by Clive Wake and John O. Reed, Nocturnes, London: Heinemann Educational, 1969. African Writers Series 71)
  • Nation et voie africaine du socialisme (1961)
  • Pierre Teilhard de Chardin et la politique africaine (1962)
  • Poèmes (1964).
  • Lettres de d'hivernage (1973)
  • Élégies majeures (1979)
  • La Poésie de l'action: conversation avec Mohamed Aziza (1980)
  • Ce que je crois (1988)

References

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  1. ↑ Amerasinghe, Terence P. (2009). Emerging World Law, Volume 1 (in English). Institute for Economic Democracy. p. 50. ISBN 978-1-933567-16-7.
  2. ↑ "Letters from Thane Read asking Helen Keller to sign the World Constitution for world peace. 1961". Helen Keller Archive. American Foundation for the Blind. Retrieved 2023-07-01.
  3. ↑ "Letter from World Constitution Coordinating Committee to Helen, enclosing current materials". Helen Keller Archive. American Foundation for the Blind. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
  4. ↑ "Preparing earth constitution | Global Strategies & Solutions | The Encyclopedia of World Problems". The Encyclopedia of World Problems | Union of International Associations (UIA). Retrieved 2023-07-15.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Grand State Banquet". Archived from the original on 5 March 2016.
  6. ↑ article 13, Reglamento de la Orden Isabella la Católica (1998)
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Boletín Oficial del Estado.
  8. ↑ Peter L. Berger, Dialog zwischen religiosen Traditionen in einem Zeitalter der Relativitat, Mohr-Siebeck, 2011. ISBN 978-3-16-150792-2.
  9. ↑ "Distinguished Africanist Award 2009" African Studies Association.
  10. ↑ Bensaid, Alexandra, and Andrew Whitehead (1995), "Literature: Award to Senghor Triggers Debate" IPS-Inter Press Service, 18 April 1995, accessed via the commercial service Lexis/Nexis, 30 December 2008.
  11. ↑ "Découvrez des lieux uniques, vivez une expérience inoubliable". www.aeroportdakar.com. Retrieved 2024-02-07.
  12. ↑ George, Rosemary Marangoly (2013), Indian English and the Fiction of National Literature, Cambridge University Press, p. 144, ISBN 978-1-107-04000-7 Quote: Poet, President of Senegal, and theorist of “Négritude” Leopold Sangor was elected the first Honorary Fellow of the Sahitya Akademi in 1974. This group was to complement the category of “Fellows of the Akademi” whose number was at no time to exceed twenty-one in total and who were to be living Indian writers of undisputed excellence — “the immortals of literature.”
  13. ↑ Government of the French Republic (15 October 1947). "Ministère de l'Éducation Nationale". gallica.bnf.fr. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  14. ↑ "Sengor u Ohridu i Strugi". Slobodna Dalmacija (9462): 1. 1 September 1975.

Read further

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  • Armand Guibert & Seghers Nimrod (2006), Léopold Sédar Senghor, Paris (1961 edition by Armand Guibert).
  • Sources from this article were taken from the equivalent French article fr:Léopold Sédar Senghor.
  • Scheck, Raffael (2014). "Léopold Sédar Senghor, prisonnier de guerre allemand: Une nouvelle approche fondée sur un texte inédit". French Politics, Culture & Society. 32 (2): 76–98. doi:10.3167/fpcs.2014.320209. JSTOR 24517987.
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