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A Comparison of Hazard Vulnerability Indexes for Washington State

Author

Listed:
  • Sheehan Tim

    (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Box 351618, Seattle, WA, 98195-1618, USA)

  • Min Esther

    (Front and Centered, Seattle, WA, USA)

  • Hess Jeremy

    (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Box 351618, Seattle, WA, 98195-1618, USA)

Abstract

Factors associated with structural racism, disenfranchisement, poverty, and other persistent sources of inequity are associated with vulnerability and exposure to environmental hazards. Social, demographic, and environmental factors associated with vulnerability to environmental hazards have been used by many researchers to produce indexes of hazard vulnerability. In preparation for a climate change health risk assessment for Washington state, we compared methods and results from six indexes designed to support environmental health risk assessment. Production of these indexes varies in the number of variables considered, calculation complexity, and exposure of local causal pathways. Results for these indexes are generally very similar, especially at the highest decile of vulnerability, the exception being the Environmental Health Disparities index, the only one to consider hazard exposure. Some indexes used methods that hide causal pathways. Those that exposed causal pathways limited model structure. Results indicate that simpler indexes may be more appropriate for use in decision support tools as they require less overhead for data updates and scenario analysis and that other methodologies may provide a more useful framework for index generation.

Suggested Citation

  • Sheehan Tim & Min Esther & Hess Jeremy, 2023. "A Comparison of Hazard Vulnerability Indexes for Washington State," Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, De Gruyter, vol. 20(2), pages 59-74.
    • Handle: RePEc:bpj:johsem:v:20:y:2023:i:2:p:59-74:n:1004
    DOI: 10.1515/jhsem-2021-0066
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Esther Min & Deric Gruen & Debolina Banerjee & Tina Echeverria & Lauren Freelander & Michael Schmeltz & Erik Saganić & Millie Piazza & Vanessa E. Galaviz & Michael Yost & Edmund Y.W. Seto, 2019. "The Washington State Environmental Health Disparities Map: Development of a Community-Responsive Cumulative Impacts Assessment Tool," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-16, November.
    2. Reinhard Mechler & Laurens Bouwer, 2015. "Understanding trends and projections of disaster losses and climate change: is vulnerability the missing link?," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 133(1), pages 23-35, November.
    3. Seth Shonkoff & Rachel Morello-Frosch & Manuel Pastor & James Sadd, 2011. "The climate gap: environmental health and equity implications of climate change and mitigation policies in California—a review of the literature," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 109(1), pages 485-503, December.
    4. D. Yoon, 2012. "Assessment of social vulnerability to natural disasters: a comparative study," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 63(2), pages 823-843, September.
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