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Taming the housing roller coaster: The impact of macroprudential policy on the house price cycle

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  • Carro, Adrian

Abstract

Employing an agent-based model of the Spanish housing market, this paper explores the main drivers behind the large amplitude of the Spanish house price cycle—as compared to most other European countries—, as well as the scope for macroprudential policy to reduce this amplitude. First, we exploit the availability of a previous calibration to the UK, characterised by a smaller house price cycle, to show the prominent role played by the distributions of various mortgage risk metrics: loan-to-value, loan-to-income and debt-service-to-income ratios. Second, we use the model to calibrate both a hard loan-to-value and a soft loan-to-income limit to smooth the Spanish house price cycle and match the amplitude of the UK equivalent. Finally, we characterise the effects of these calibrated policies over the different phases of the cycle, finding both instruments to reduce credit and price growth during the expansionary phase as well as to reduce their decline during the contractionary phase. Moreover, both instruments lead to a compositional shift in lending: the loan-to-value policy from first-time buyers to buy-to-let investors and the loan-to-income policy from both first-time buyers and home movers to buy-to-let investors.

Suggested Citation

  • Carro, Adrian, 2023. "Taming the housing roller coaster: The impact of macroprudential policy on the house price cycle," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:dyncon:v:156:y:2023:i:c:s0165188923001598
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2023.104753
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    Cited by:

    1. John Muellbauer, 2024. "Housing and Macroprudential Policy," Economics Series Working Papers 1056, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
    2. Ruben Tarne & Dirk Bezemer, 2023. "ousing affordability in a monetary economy: an agent-based model of the Dutch housing market," IMK Working Paper 222-2023, IMK at the Hans Boeckler Foundation, Macroeconomic Policy Institute.
    3. Bardoscia, Marco & Carro, Adrian & Hinterschweiger, Marc & Napoletano, Mauro & Popoyan, Lilit & Roventini, Andrea & Uluc, Arzu, 2024. "The impact of prudential regulations on the UK housing market and economy: insights from an agent-based model," Bank of England working papers 1066, Bank of England.
    4. Deepeka Garg & Benjamin Patrick Evans & Leo Ardon & Annapoorani Lakshmi Narayanan & Jared Vann & Udari Madhushani & Makada Henry-Nickie & Sumitra Ganesh, 2024. "A Heterogeneous Agent Model of Mortgage Servicing: An Income-based Relief Analysis," Papers 2402.17932, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2024.
    5. Leo Ardon & Benjamin Patrick Evans & Deepeka Garg & Annapoorani Lakshmi Narayanan & Makada Henry-Nickie & Sumitra Ganesh, 2024. "Simulate and Optimise: A two-layer mortgage simulator for designing novel mortgage assistance products," Papers 2411.00563, arXiv.org.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Agent-based modelling; Housing market; Macroprudential policy; Borrower-based measures; Buy-to-let sector;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D1 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior
    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies
    • G51 - Financial Economics - - Household Finance - - - Household Savings, Borrowing, Debt, and Wealth
    • R21 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Housing Demand
    • R31 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location - - - Housing Supply and Markets

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