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How COVID-19 vaccine supply chains emerged in the midst of a pandemic

Author

Listed:
  • Chad P. Bown

    (Peterson Institute for International Economics)

  • Thomas J. Bollyky

    (Council on Foreign Relations)

Abstract

Many months after COVID-19 vaccines were first authorized for public use, still limited supplies could only partially reduce the devastating loss of life and economic costs caused by the pandemic. Could additional vaccine doses have been manufactured more quickly some other way? Would alternative policy choices have made a difference? This paper provides a simple analytical framework through which to view the contours of the vaccine value chain. It then creates a new database that maps the COVID-19 vaccines of Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna, AstraZeneca/Oxford, Johnson & Johnson, Novavax, and CureVac to the product- and location-specific manufacturing supply chains that emerged in 2020 and 2021. It describes the choppy process through which dozens of other companies at nearly 100 geographically distributed facilities came together to scale up global manufacturing. The paper catalogues major pandemic policy initiatives—such as the United States' Operation Warp Speed—that are likely to have affected the timing and formation of those vaccine supply chains. Given the data, a final section identifies further questions for researchers and policymakers.

Suggested Citation

  • Chad P. Bown & Thomas J. Bollyky, 2021. "How COVID-19 vaccine supply chains emerged in the midst of a pandemic," Working Paper Series WP21-12, Peterson Institute for International Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:iie:wpaper:wp21-12
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    File URL: https://www.piie.com/publications/working-papers/how-covid-19-vaccine-supply-chains-emerged-midst-pandemic
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bown, Chad, 2020. "How the United States Marched the Semiconductor Industry into Its Trade War with China," East Asian Economic Review, Korea Institute for International Economic Policy, vol. 24(4), pages 349-388, December.
    2. Michael Kremer & Jonathan Levin & Christopher M. Snyder, 2022. "Designing Advance Market Commitments for New Vaccines," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(7), pages 4786-4814, July.
    3. Muhammed A. Yildirim & Cem Cakmakli & Selva Demiralp & Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan & Sevcan Yesiltas, 2021. "The Economic Case for Global Vaccinations: An Epidemiological Model with International Production Networks," CID Working Papers 390, Center for International Development at Harvard University.
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    Cited by:

    1. Pierre Cotterlaz & Guillaume Gaulier & Aude Sztulman & Deniz Ünal, 2024. "Pioneering a new classification: a comprehensive study of healthcare products in global trade," Working Papers 2024-02, CEPII research center.
    2. Fonseca, Elize Massard da & Shadlen, Kenneth C. & Achcar, Helena de Moraes, 2023. "Vaccine technology transfer in a global health crisis: Actors, capabilities, and institutions," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(4).
    3. Karakaya, Sırma & Balcik, Burcu, 2024. "Developing a national pandemic vaccination calendar under supply uncertainty," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    4. Bustamante, Juana & Oughton, Christine & Pesque-Cela, Vanesa & Tobin, Damian, 2023. "Resolving the patents paradox in the era of COVID-19 and climate change: Towards a patents taxonomy," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(9).
    5. Sudhanshu Joshi & Manu Sharma, 2022. "A Literature Survey on Vaccine Supply Chain Management Amidst COVID-19: Literature Developments, Future Directions and Open Challenges for Public Health," World, MDPI, vol. 3(4), pages 1-28, October.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Vaccines; COVID-19; subsidies; export restrictions; supply chains;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations

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