During the last century about 100 indices were developed to assess infl uences of the atmosphere ... more During the last century about 100 indices were developed to assess infl uences of the atmosphere on human being. However, most of them have not close relationships with physiological reactions in man. In 1999 International Society of Biometeorology established special study group do develop new Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). Since 2005 these efforts have been reinforced by the COST Action 730 (Cooperation in Science and Technical Development). In February 2009 the Action was terminated and UTCI was developed. The new UTCI index represents air temperature of the reference condition with the same physiological response as the actual condition. The index base on Fiala model that is one of the most advanced multi-node thermophysiological models and include the capability to predict both whole body thermal effects (hypothermia and hyperthermia; heat and cold discomfort), and local effects (facial, hands and feet cooling and frostbite). The model consists of two interacting systems: the controlling active system; and the controlled passive system. The assessment scale of UTCI bases on the intensity of objective physiological reactions to environmental heat stress in wide range of weather and climates. The index can be applicable in various research, for example in weather forecasts, bioclimatological assessments, bioclimatic mapping in all scales (from micro to macro), urban design, engineering of outdoor spaces, consultancy for where to live, outdoor recreation and climatotherapy, epidemiology and climate impact research. The paper presents thermophysiological principles of UTCI as well as some examples of its application to assess bioclimatic differentiation of Europe.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moisture on the heat transfer through ... more The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moisture on the heat transfer through clothing in relation to the water vapour resistance, type of underwear, location of the moisture and climate. This forms part of the work performed for work package 2 of the European Union THERMPROTECT project. Thermal manikin results of dry and wet heat loss are presented from different laboratories for a range of 2-layer clothing with similar dry insulations but different water vapour permeabilities and absorptive properties. The results obtained from the different manikins are generally consistent with one another. For each climate, total wet heat loss is predominately dependent on the permeability of the outer layer. At 10 °C, the apparent evaporative heat loss is markedly higher than expected from evaporation alone (measured at 34 °C), which is attributed to condensation within the clothing and to increased conductivity of the wet clothing layers.
W ciągu ostatnich stu lat powstało kilkadziesiąt róŜnych wskaźników oceniających oddziaływanie śr... more W ciągu ostatnich stu lat powstało kilkadziesiąt róŜnych wskaźników oceniających oddziaływanie środowiska atmosferycznego na człowieka. Większość z nich nie ma jednak bezpośredniego odniesienia do reakcji fizjologicznych zachodzących w organizmie pod wpływem warunków termicznych otoczenia. W latach 90. ubiegłego wieku powstały tzw. wielowęzłowe (multi node) modele bilansu cieplnego człowieka, które opisują wszystkie mechanizmy gospodarki cieplnej organizmu. Na bazie jednego z tych modeli powstał nowy wskaźnik termiczny oceniający obciąŜenia cieplne człowieka (UTCI -Universal Thermal Climate Index). Artykuł przedstawia załoŜenia i podstawy interpretacji wskaźnika oraz próbę jego wykorzystania do oceny warunków klimatoterapii uzdrowiskowej.
International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics : JOSE, 2008
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moisture on the heat transfer through ... more The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moisture on the heat transfer through clothing in relation to the water vapour resistance, type of underwear, location of the moisture and climate. This forms part of the work performed for work package 2 of the European Union THERMPROTECT project. Thermal manikin results of dry and wet heat loss are presented from different laboratories for a range of 2-layer clothing with similar dry insulations but different water vapour permeabilities and absorptive properties. The results obtained from the different manikins are generally consistent with each other. For each climate, total wet heat loss is predominately dependent on the permeability of the outer layer. At 10 degrees C, the apparent evaporative heat loss is markedly higher than expected from evaporation alone (measured at 34 degrees C), which is attributed to condensation within the clothing and to increased conductivity of the wet clothing layers.
In the context of medical or biological studies, very often parameters of interest are measured r... more In the context of medical or biological studies, very often parameters of interest are measured repeatedly over time under a given set of conditions. This results in a set of (often similarly shaped) time series. Then, the objective is the determination of the functional relationship between the parameter of interest and time on the one hand, and the analysis of the variation of this functional relationship between experiments, on the other hand. This may be done by means of a two-stage model.
Tobacco-associated carcinogens are catalyzed by microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH). Combinations ... more Tobacco-associated carcinogens are catalyzed by microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH). Combinations of the Y113H and H139R polymorphic EPHX1 variants have been assumed to alter the enzyme activity and thus the risk of squamous cell head and neck cancer (SCCHN). Based on in vitro data, a putative low, medium and high mEH activity has been associated with combinations of these genotypes, and the respective activity categories have been frequently used in the estimation of risks for smoking-related cancers. We investigated the SCCHN risk for EPHX1 genotypes among 280 cases and 289 controls. We could not detect main effects of the EPHX1 genotypes, but a smaller risk of the 139HR genotype in smokers (odds ratio, OR, 0.57; 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.34-0.95). We could not confirm an increase of the SCCHN risk for genotype combinations according to a putative medium and high enzyme activity (OR 1.28, 95% CI 0.84-1.96; OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.58-1.64, respectively), but a significant heterogeneity of the estimated risks for the singular genotypes within these categories among smokers (P=0.02). Further, p53 mutations among smoking cases were less frequent in the group with a putative high enzyme activity, although insignificant due to small numbers (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.13-2.17). This supports uncertainties in categorizing genotypes with respect to limited enzyme activity data, especially when taken from in vitro experiments.
W ciągu ostatnich stu lat powstało kilkadziesiąt róŜnych wskaźników oceniających oddziaływanie śr... more W ciągu ostatnich stu lat powstało kilkadziesiąt róŜnych wskaźników oceniających oddziaływanie środowiska atmosferycznego na człowieka. Większość z nich nie ma jednak bezpośredniego odniesienia do reakcji fizjologicznych zachodzących w organizmie pod wpływem warunków termicznych otoczenia. W latach 90. ubiegłego wieku powstały tzw. wielowęzłowe (multi node) modele bilansu cieplnego człowieka, które opisują wszystkie mechanizmy gospodarki cieplnej organizmu. Na bazie jednego z tych modeli powstał ...
Grundlegende Daten zur Beurteilung der thermischen Beanspruchung während der Arbeit in Schutzklei... more Grundlegende Daten zur Beurteilung der thermischen Beanspruchung während der Arbeit in Schutzkleidung wurden im europäischen Verbundprojekt THERMPROTECT (EU Contract-No. G6RD-CT-2002-00846) mit Untersuchungen des durch die Kleidung erhöhten Energieumsatzes und des Transports von Wärme und Feuchte unter Kältebelastung sowie bei Einwirkung von Wärmestrahlung erhoben. Der Eingang der hier dargestellten Resultate in international standardisierte Bewertungsverfahren soll zur Vermeidung ...
Within the scope of the European research initiative THERMPROTECT numerous thermal manikin experi... more Within the scope of the European research initiative THERMPROTECT numerous thermal manikin experiments were performed on the transfer of heat through personal protective clothing (PPC) under far infrared radiation (FIR) stress. The influence of the reflectivity and insulation of the clothing, the radiated body surface area, and the interaction with convection and wet underwear were considered. The data showed a decrease in whole body heat loss, ie heat gain under radiant heat stress. This heat gain increased with radiation intensity, ...
During the last century about 100 indices were developed to assess infl uences of the atmosphere ... more During the last century about 100 indices were developed to assess infl uences of the atmosphere on human being. However, most of them have not close relationships with physiological reactions in man. In 1999 International Society of Biometeorology established special study group do develop new Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). Since 2005 these efforts have been reinforced by the COST Action 730 (Cooperation in Science and Technical Development). In February 2009 the Action was terminated and UTCI was developed. The new UTCI index represents air temperature of the reference condition with the same physiological response as the actual condition. The index base on Fiala model that is one of the most advanced multi-node thermophysiological models and include the capability to predict both whole body thermal effects (hypothermia and hyperthermia; heat and cold discomfort), and local effects (facial, hands and feet cooling and frostbite). The model consists of two interacting systems: the controlling active system; and the controlled passive system. The assessment scale of UTCI bases on the intensity of objective physiological reactions to environmental heat stress in wide range of weather and climates. The index can be applicable in various research, for example in weather forecasts, bioclimatological assessments, bioclimatic mapping in all scales (from micro to macro), urban design, engineering of outdoor spaces, consultancy for where to live, outdoor recreation and climatotherapy, epidemiology and climate impact research. The paper presents thermophysiological principles of UTCI as well as some examples of its application to assess bioclimatic differentiation of Europe.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moisture on the heat transfer through ... more The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moisture on the heat transfer through clothing in relation to the water vapour resistance, type of underwear, location of the moisture and climate. This forms part of the work performed for work package 2 of the European Union THERMPROTECT project. Thermal manikin results of dry and wet heat loss are presented from different laboratories for a range of 2-layer clothing with similar dry insulations but different water vapour permeabilities and absorptive properties. The results obtained from the different manikins are generally consistent with one another. For each climate, total wet heat loss is predominately dependent on the permeability of the outer layer. At 10 °C, the apparent evaporative heat loss is markedly higher than expected from evaporation alone (measured at 34 °C), which is attributed to condensation within the clothing and to increased conductivity of the wet clothing layers.
W ciągu ostatnich stu lat powstało kilkadziesiąt róŜnych wskaźników oceniających oddziaływanie śr... more W ciągu ostatnich stu lat powstało kilkadziesiąt róŜnych wskaźników oceniających oddziaływanie środowiska atmosferycznego na człowieka. Większość z nich nie ma jednak bezpośredniego odniesienia do reakcji fizjologicznych zachodzących w organizmie pod wpływem warunków termicznych otoczenia. W latach 90. ubiegłego wieku powstały tzw. wielowęzłowe (multi node) modele bilansu cieplnego człowieka, które opisują wszystkie mechanizmy gospodarki cieplnej organizmu. Na bazie jednego z tych modeli powstał nowy wskaźnik termiczny oceniający obciąŜenia cieplne człowieka (UTCI -Universal Thermal Climate Index). Artykuł przedstawia załoŜenia i podstawy interpretacji wskaźnika oraz próbę jego wykorzystania do oceny warunków klimatoterapii uzdrowiskowej.
International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics : JOSE, 2008
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moisture on the heat transfer through ... more The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moisture on the heat transfer through clothing in relation to the water vapour resistance, type of underwear, location of the moisture and climate. This forms part of the work performed for work package 2 of the European Union THERMPROTECT project. Thermal manikin results of dry and wet heat loss are presented from different laboratories for a range of 2-layer clothing with similar dry insulations but different water vapour permeabilities and absorptive properties. The results obtained from the different manikins are generally consistent with each other. For each climate, total wet heat loss is predominately dependent on the permeability of the outer layer. At 10 degrees C, the apparent evaporative heat loss is markedly higher than expected from evaporation alone (measured at 34 degrees C), which is attributed to condensation within the clothing and to increased conductivity of the wet clothing layers.
In the context of medical or biological studies, very often parameters of interest are measured r... more In the context of medical or biological studies, very often parameters of interest are measured repeatedly over time under a given set of conditions. This results in a set of (often similarly shaped) time series. Then, the objective is the determination of the functional relationship between the parameter of interest and time on the one hand, and the analysis of the variation of this functional relationship between experiments, on the other hand. This may be done by means of a two-stage model.
Tobacco-associated carcinogens are catalyzed by microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH). Combinations ... more Tobacco-associated carcinogens are catalyzed by microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH). Combinations of the Y113H and H139R polymorphic EPHX1 variants have been assumed to alter the enzyme activity and thus the risk of squamous cell head and neck cancer (SCCHN). Based on in vitro data, a putative low, medium and high mEH activity has been associated with combinations of these genotypes, and the respective activity categories have been frequently used in the estimation of risks for smoking-related cancers. We investigated the SCCHN risk for EPHX1 genotypes among 280 cases and 289 controls. We could not detect main effects of the EPHX1 genotypes, but a smaller risk of the 139HR genotype in smokers (odds ratio, OR, 0.57; 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.34-0.95). We could not confirm an increase of the SCCHN risk for genotype combinations according to a putative medium and high enzyme activity (OR 1.28, 95% CI 0.84-1.96; OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.58-1.64, respectively), but a significant heterogeneity of the estimated risks for the singular genotypes within these categories among smokers (P=0.02). Further, p53 mutations among smoking cases were less frequent in the group with a putative high enzyme activity, although insignificant due to small numbers (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.13-2.17). This supports uncertainties in categorizing genotypes with respect to limited enzyme activity data, especially when taken from in vitro experiments.
W ciągu ostatnich stu lat powstało kilkadziesiąt róŜnych wskaźników oceniających oddziaływanie śr... more W ciągu ostatnich stu lat powstało kilkadziesiąt róŜnych wskaźników oceniających oddziaływanie środowiska atmosferycznego na człowieka. Większość z nich nie ma jednak bezpośredniego odniesienia do reakcji fizjologicznych zachodzących w organizmie pod wpływem warunków termicznych otoczenia. W latach 90. ubiegłego wieku powstały tzw. wielowęzłowe (multi node) modele bilansu cieplnego człowieka, które opisują wszystkie mechanizmy gospodarki cieplnej organizmu. Na bazie jednego z tych modeli powstał ...
Grundlegende Daten zur Beurteilung der thermischen Beanspruchung während der Arbeit in Schutzklei... more Grundlegende Daten zur Beurteilung der thermischen Beanspruchung während der Arbeit in Schutzkleidung wurden im europäischen Verbundprojekt THERMPROTECT (EU Contract-No. G6RD-CT-2002-00846) mit Untersuchungen des durch die Kleidung erhöhten Energieumsatzes und des Transports von Wärme und Feuchte unter Kältebelastung sowie bei Einwirkung von Wärmestrahlung erhoben. Der Eingang der hier dargestellten Resultate in international standardisierte Bewertungsverfahren soll zur Vermeidung ...
Within the scope of the European research initiative THERMPROTECT numerous thermal manikin experi... more Within the scope of the European research initiative THERMPROTECT numerous thermal manikin experiments were performed on the transfer of heat through personal protective clothing (PPC) under far infrared radiation (FIR) stress. The influence of the reflectivity and insulation of the clothing, the radiated body surface area, and the interaction with convection and wet underwear were considered. The data showed a decrease in whole body heat loss, ie heat gain under radiant heat stress. This heat gain increased with radiation intensity, ...
Uploads
Papers by Peter Broede