Ọkọlọtọ nke Etiopia
Ọkọlọtọ nke Ethiopia (Amharic) bụ ọkọlọtọ mba nke Ethiopia. Ọ na-agụnye tricolour na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, odo, na ọbara ọbara na Akara mba, pentagram ọla edo na diski na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, nke a na-etinye n'etiti. Ọ bụ ezie na ụcha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, odo, na ọbara ọbara na njikọta nwere ihe nnọchianya dị mkpa kemgbe ọ dịkarịa ala mmalite narị afọ nke iri na asaa, Menelik nke Abụọ nabatara ụcha atọ nke oge a na 11 Ọktoba 1897, na ọkọlọtọ dị ugbu a na 31 Ọktoba 1996.[1][2]
Agba
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
A na-eji ụcha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, odo na ọbara ọbara mee ihe maka ọkọlọtọ nke Alaeze Ukwu Etiopia na 1914.[1] N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1897, otu afọ mgbe Etiopia meriri alaeze Ịtali n'agha nke Adwa, eze ukwu Menelik nke Abụọ nyere iwu ka a jikọta ọkọlọtọ atọ ahụ na tricolour rectangular site n'elu ruo n'ala nke ọbara ọbara, odo, na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na mkpụrụedemede mbụ nke aha ya (akwụkwọ Amharic "ም") na eriri etiti.[3][2][4][5][6] E wepụrụ akwụkwọ ozi nke aha Menelik na ọkọlọtọ mgbe ọ nwụsịrị na 1913. N'ihi ihe ndị a na-amaghị ihe kpatara ya, a tụgharịrị usoro agba ahụ - na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ n'elu, ọbara ọbara n'ala, na odo fọdụrụ n'ọnọdụ.[1] Atụmatụ agba atọ nke ọkọlọtọ ahụ adịla kemgbe mmalite narị afọ nke 19, na agba uhie, odo, na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nwere mkpa pụrụ iche tupu nke ahụ.[7] Iji cheta nnabata ya na 1897, Etiopia na-eme emume Ụbọchị Ọkọlọtọ na Mọnde mbụ nke ọnwa Tikimt (Septemba rue Oktọba).[8]
Ọkọlọtọ eze na-egosipụtakarị ihe nnọchianya nke ọdụm nke Juda, ọdụm e kpu okpueze na-ebu obe dị n'etiti etiti odo nke ọkọlọtọ ahụ. A na-aghọta ọkọlọtọ ahụ dị ka njikọ dị n'etiti Chọọchị Ọtọdọks Tewahedo nke Etiopia, ndị mmadụ, na mba ahụ dị n'otu. Obe nke ọdụm buuru bụ ọkọlọtọ ma ọ bụ akara nke Etiopia ma na-ejikwa ya eme ihe kemgbe ọ dịkarịa ala mmalite narị afọ nke iri na asaa.[9] Ọ bụ ezie na a na-egosi ọbara ọbara ugbu a na ala nke tricolour dị larịị, a gbanwere nke a ruo n'etiti narị afọ nke 19. Ihe agba na-anọchi anya dịgasị iche dabere na echiche. Otú ọ dị, n'ozuzu, ọbara ọbara na-anọchite anya ọbara a wụsara n'ichebe Etiopia; odo na-anọchi anya udo na nkwekọrịta n'etiti agbụrụ na okpukpe dị iche iche nke Etiopia; a na-ekwukwa na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-anọchikarị olileanya, ma ọ bụ ala na ọmụmụ ya. [ihe dị mkpa] Chọọchị Etiopia ejirila agba ndị ahụ mee ihe n'akụkọ ihe mere eme tupu a nabatara ha dị ka agba nke steeti maka a na-amaghị ama, mana o yikarịrị ha dị mfe imepụta ma bụrụ ihe a na ha.[10] Ndị njem France abụọ na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, Ferret na Joseph Galinier, kwuru na "red, green na yellow bụ isi agba nke ihe odide".[11]
Mgbe ha nwetara nnwere onwe site n'ọchịchị ndị na-achị ha, ọtụtụ mba ndị e guzobere ọhụrụ na mba Afrịka nabatara agba atọ a iji kwanyere nguzogide Etiopia megide ndị mba ọzọ. Mgbe ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Pan-Afrika na òtù nabatara maka ọrụ ha, a na-akpọkarị agba ndị ahụ dị ka agba Pan-Afrika.[12]
Nnọchianya
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Pantone 347C
- Pantone Yellow C
- Pantone 032C
Akara
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Tupu afọ 1996, a na-ejikarị ọkọlọtọ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, odo na ọbara ọbara eme ihe dị ka ọkọlọtọ obodo. Ọ bụ ezie na gọọmentị jiri ọtụtụ ihe nnọchianya dị iche iche mee ihe kemgbe 1974, a na-ejikarị ọkọlọtọ nwere ihe nnọchi anya eme ihe n'ihu ọha na-abụghị nke gọọmentị. Ihe osise agba bụ isi anọgidewo na-adịgide adịgide.
Kpakpando ahụ na-acha odo odo na diski na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke na-ekpuchi akara akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na ọbara ọbara. Kpakpando ahụ na-agba akaebe maka ọdịnihu dị mma nke Etiopia, ebe ụzarị odo nke ọ na-ewepụta dị n'otu ma na-ekwu na ọ na-anọchite anya nha nhata nke ndị Etiopia niile n'agbanyeghị agbụrụ, nkwenkwe, ma ọ bụ okike. N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, gọọmentị Etiopia ejirila mbọ mee ka ojiji nke ọkọlọtọ na akara ahụ dịkwuo ukwuu, nke a hụrụ nke na-erughị tricolour. Dị ka a na-eji tricolour nkịtị eme ihe ma na-ahụkarị karịa ọkọlọtọ nke Derg ma ọ bụ ọkọlọtọ ọdụm nke Juda, a na-ewere nke a dị ka ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe.
N'afọ 2009, Nzukọ Ndị Omebeiwu nke Ethiopia weputara Nkwupụta 654/2009 (Nkwupụta Folaga Federal), nke machibidoro nke mbụ n'etiti ndokwa 23 ndị ọzọ "iji [nke] ọkọlọtọ na-enweghị ihe nnọchianya ya", yana "ịmebi ọkọlọtọ site na ide ma ọ bụ igosi ihe ịrịba ama, [sic], ihe nnọchi anya ma ọ bụ foto [sic]", ma ọ bụ "kwadebe ma ọ bụ jiri ọkọlọtọ ahụ na-enweghị usoro kwesịrị ekwesị nke agba ya na nha ya ma ọ bụ ihe nnọchi ya".[20] Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ata ọtụtụ mmejọ ahụhụ site na ịkwụ ụgwọ "3000 birr ma ọ bụ mkpọrọ siri ike ruo otu afọ," mmejọ mbụ, na-enye iwu ka e jiri ihe nnọchianya ahụ mee ihe, nwetara ntaramahụhụ dị elu nke "5000 birr maọbụ mkpọrọ siri ike ruru otu afọ na ọnwa isii. "[20] Nke a nọchiri 1996 Flag Proclamation, nke ekwughị banyere mmejọ ma ọ bụ ntaramahụhụ.
Ọkọlọtọ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Hụkwa ihe ndị a
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Ihe nnọchianya nke Etiopia
- Flag na ihe nnọchianya nke mpaghara Etiopia
Edensibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 (2003) Firefly Guide to Flags of the World. Firefly Books. ISBN 9781552978139. Retrieved on 11 September 2021. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "mhgfg A1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 (1988) Flag Bulletin, Volume 27. Flag Research Center, 11. Retrieved on 11 September 2021. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "A2" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Flag of Ethiopia | Britannica.
- ↑ Lentakis (2005). Ethiopia: A View from Within. Janus Publishing Company Lim, 11. ISBN 9781857565584. Retrieved on 11 September 2021.
- ↑ Mitchell (1897). Journal of the Royal United Service Institution, Whitehall Yard. W. Mitchell, 11. Retrieved on 11 September 2021.
- ↑ (2003) "Vlajky a znaky Etiopie" (in cs). Vexilolog (8).
- ↑ Manoel Barradas, "Tractatus Tres Historico-Geographici: (1634); A Seventeenth Century Historical and Geographical Account of Tigray, Ethiopia", Elizabet Filleul, trans., Richard Pankhurst, ed., in Aethiopistische Forschungen 43. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1996, p. 59.
- ↑ "National Flag Day to be Observed on Monday", 10 October 2019. Retrieved on 22 December 2020.
- ↑ Barradas, pp. 70–71.
- ↑ Chojnacki (1963). "Some Notes on the History of the Ethiopian National Flag". Journal of Ethiopian Studies 1 (2): 49–63.
- ↑ 70. P. V. Ferret and J. Galinier, Voyage en Abyssinie dans les provinces du Tigre, du Samen et de l'Ambara (Paris, 1847-48), II, 390
- ↑ About this Collection | Country Studies | Digital Collections | Library of Congress. Library of Congress.
- ↑ Man speaks during a vigil at Nathan Philips Square in Toronto,... (en-gb). Getty Images. Retrieved on 7 February 2021.
- ↑ Tefera (2016). "Flag Politics in Ethiopia and the Ethio-American Diaspora". Journal of International and Global Studies 8 (1). Retrieved on 7 February 2021.
- ↑ Alfa Shaban (3 September 2018). Ethiopia's ex-rebel group Ginbot 7 returns from Eritrea base (en). Africanews. Retrieved on 7 February 2021.
- ↑ Ethiopia:Two prominent opposition parties form coalition ahead of election. Borkena Ethiopian News (7 March 2020). Retrieved on 7 February 2021.
- ↑ Ethiopia celebrates new year after 'God's wrath' (en). Al Arabiya English (11 September 2020). Retrieved on 7 February 2021.
- ↑ Carrington. Holy water washes away sins at Ethiopia's Timket festival (en). CNN. Retrieved on 7 February 2021.
- ↑ Chapman. Come & join the Timkat celebration in a Village in Ethiopia. Tesfa Tours. Retrieved on 7 February 2021.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 (28 August 2009) "Proclamation No. 654/2009 – The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Flag Proclamation". Federal Negarit Gazeta: 4843–4855.
Njikọ mpụgara
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Ethiopia at Flags of the World
- Flag nke Etiopia
- Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri n'ụwa