John Muir
John Muir (21 April 1838 – 24 December 1914) bụ onye Scotland-American, odee, ọkà ihe ọmụma gburugburu ebe obibi na n'oge na-akwado ichekwa ọzara na United States. Akwụkwọ ozi ya, edemede ya, na akwụkwọ ndị na-akọwa ihe omume ya na okike, ọkachasị na Sierra Nevada nke California, ka ọtụtụ nde guworo. Mgbalị ya nyere aka ịchekwa Ndagwurugwu Yosemite, Sequoia National Park na ógbè ọzara ndị ọzọ. Club Sierra, nke o hiwere, bụ ọgbakọ nchekwa America ama ama.
Okwu ndị o kwụrụ
[dezie]1860s
[dezie]- Achọtara m Calypso - mana naanị otu ugboro, n'ebe dị anya na omimi nke oke ọhịa Canada gbara ọchịchịrị, dị nso na apiti ndị ahụ dị elu. Ọ dị m ka a ga-asị na m nọ n'ihu ndị dị elu hụrụ m n'anya ma kpọọ m òkù ịbịa. M wee nọdụ ala n'akụkụ ha na-akwa ákwá ọṅụ.
- Leta e degaara Oriakụ Ezra S. Carr (1866); ebipụtara dị ka "The Calypso Borealis, Inthusiasm Botanical" na Boston Recorder, 21 Disemba 1866; ebipụtaghachiri ya na Bonnie Johanna Gisel, Kindred & Related Spirits: The Letters of John Muir and Jeanne C. Carr (2001), ibe 41
- (Mbiputa Muir nke mbụ gbasara orchid Calypso.)
- John Muir, Ụwa - mbara ala, Eluigwe na Ala
- Adreesị ụlọ Muir, dị ka e dere n'ime mkpuchi ihu nke Akwụkwọ akụkọ ubi mbụ, nke malitere 1 Julaị 1867
My First Summer in the Sierra, 1869
[dezie]My First Summer in the Sierra (1911) [Rịba ama: ihe omume ndị na-eme n'akwụkwọ a ka enwetara na njedebe oge opupu ihe ubi na ọkọchị nke 1869. A kwenyere na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya n'oge a adịghịzi adị. N'ọgwụgwụ 1880s, Muir chetara njem ya na 1869 (ikekwe iji akwụkwọ akụkọ 1869 ya) n'ime akwụkwọ ndetu a na-akpọ Sierra Journal Summer nke 1869. Akwụkwọ ndetu nke afọ 1880 a ghọrọ akwụkwọ e bipụtara 1911, My First Summer na Sierra - afọ iri anọ ka ihe omume gasịrị.]
- Anyị nọ ugbu a n'ugwu, ha nọkwa n'ime anyị, na-anụ ọkụ n'obi, na-eme ka akwara ọ bụla na-ama jijiji, na-ejupụta oghere ọ bụla.
- Terry Gifford, EWDB, peeji nke 195
- Anyị amaghị ụbọchị Siera ọzọ dị ebube nke yiri ka ọ na-agbaze ma na-etinye uche na ya ma na-aga n'ihu. Ndụ adịghị adị ogologo ma ọ bụ mkpụmkpụ, anyị adịghịkwa elezi anya iji chekwaa oge ma ọ bụ mee ngwa ngwa karịa osisi na kpakpando. Nke a bụ ezi nnwere onwe, ezigbo ụdị anwụghị anwụ nke pụtara ìhè ma baa uru.
- Terry Gifford, EWDB, ibe 204
- O, ụbọchị ugwu ndị a buru ibu, dị jụụ, na-enweghị atụ, na-akpali ịrụ ọrụ na izu ike ozugbo! Ụbọchị nke ìhè ihe niile yiri ka hà dị nsọ, na-emeghe otu puku windo iji gosi anyị Chineke. N'agbanyeghị na ike agwụla onye ọ bụla n'ụzọ, mmadụ agaghị abụ onye ga-ada mba n'ije ya bu onye na-enweta ngọzi nke otu ụbọchị ugwu; ihe ọ bụla akara aka ya, ogologo ndụ, ndụ mkpụmkpụ, oké ifufe ma ọ bụ ịdị jụụ, ọ bara ọgaranya ruo mgbe ebighị ebi.
- Terry Gifford, EWDB, ibe 212
- Ihe okike dị oke egwu na akụ ya kachasị mma, na-emefu ịma mma osisi ka ọ na-eji anwụ amuke, na-awụsa ya n'ime ala na oke osimiri, ubi na ọzara. Ya mere, mma nke okooko lili na-adakwasị ndị mmụọ ozi na ndị mmadụ, anụ ọhịa bea na ọsa, anụ ọhịa wolf na atụrụ, nnụnụ na aṅụ,... .
- Terry Gifford, EWDB, ibe 224
- Na nke ugbu a, ọ dị adị - ihe niile ga-anwụrịrị, oleekwa ebe ndị na-ari ugwu ga-ahụ ọnwụ dị ebube karịa!
- Ebigharịrị ya na The Wild Muir Templeeti:ISBN ibe 38, na Terry Gifford, EWDB, ibe 234
- N'ime nkeji ole na ole gara aga, osisi ọ bụla nwere obi ụtọ, na-ehulata aka n'oké ifufe ahụ, na-efegharị, na-efegharị, na-atụba alaka ha na ịnụ ọkụ n'obi dị ebube dị ka ofufe. Ma ọ bụ ezie, na ntị anyị, elu osisi ndị a gbachiri nkịtị,mana abụ ha anaghị akwụsị. Mkpụrụ ndụ ọ bụla zoro ezo na-ejupụta n'egwú na ndụ, eriri ọ bụla na-atọ ụtọ dị ka ụbọ akwara, ebe ihe nsure ọkụ na-esi ísì ụtọ na-esi na mgbịrịgba balsam na akwụkwọ na-asọpụta. Ka a sịkwa ihe mere ugwu na osisi ndị ahụ ji bụrụ ụlọ mbụ nke Chineke, ma ka a na-egbutu ha ma na-egbutu ha n'ime katidral na ụlọ ụka, otú ahụ ka ọ na-adịkwu anya ma na-adịwanye anya Onyenweanyị n'onwe ya.
- Terry Gifford, EWDB, peeji nke 243-244
- Mgbe anyị nwara ịhọrọ ihe ọ bụla n’onwe ya, anyị na-ahụ na ọ dabara n’ihe ọ bụla ọzọ dị n’eluigwe na ala.
- Terry Gifford, EWDB, ibe 248
- Ahịrị mbụ nke ihe nkiri akwụkwọ akụkọ "John Muir in the New World" (American Masters), nke Catherine Tatge mepụtara, duziri ma dee ya.
Banyere John Muir
[dezie]- “Onye ọzụzụ atụrụ ahụ,” “onye ọzụzụ atụrụ nkịtị,” “onye na-amaghị ihe”
- Ekwuru na Josiah D. Whitney, Prọfesọ nke Geology na Mahadum Harvard na State Geologist nke California bụ onye kwenyere n'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi na ndagwurugwu Yosemite sitere na mmalite imi ala nke ndagwurugwu ahụ. Achọtara na Linnie Marsh Wolfe, Son of the Wilderness: The Life of John Muir (1945), peeji nke 133
- John Muir, Esquire, onye ama ama na onye nnyocha
- Site na nkwuputa ewepụtara 8 Julaị 1911 n'aha Onye isi ala William H. Taft, na-agwa ndị ọrụ nnọchi anya US ka ha nyere Muir aka n'oge njem 1911-1912 ya na South America na Africa; megharịrị na John Muir's Last Journey, nke Michael P. Alaka (Island Press, 2001) deziri, peeji nke 45
- Ọ bụrụ na ị chee echiche maka uru niile obodo anyị nwetara, site na nnwere onwe ruo ugbu a, ọ bụghị ọchịchị. Ọ bụ nkwugidesi ike. Ndị mmadụ na-eche, "Oh, Teddy Roosevelt guzobere Yosemite National Park, ọ bụ nnukwu onyeisi oche." BS. Ọ bụ John Muir bụ onye kpọrọ Roosevelt ka ọ pụta wee gwa ya ka ọ wepụ nchekwa ya wee gaa maa ụlọikwuu. Ọ bụ Muir, onye nkwado, otu onye..
- Onye nchoputa Patagonia na onye na-anụ ọkụ n'obi n'èzí Yvon Chouinard, "The Revolution Starts at the Bottom", Sierra Magazine (March/April 2004)
- John Muir abụrụla ihe nlereanya nye ọgbọ ndị California na ndị nchekwa gburugburu ụwa. Ọ kụziiri anyị ka anyị na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ịnụ ụtọ - ma n'otu oge ahụ chebe anyị - ogige ntụrụndụ anyị, osimiri anyị, na ugwu anyị.
- Gọvanọ California Arnold Schwarzenegger, na-ekwupụta nhọrọ nke "John Muir-Yosemite Design" maka California State Quarter (29 Maachị 2004)
- Anya m, mgbe ụfọdụ, na-eju n'anya mmiri n’ọnụ ụlọ dị ka anyị na-edezi ihe ma ọ bụ na-arụ ọrụ gbasara n’ịkọ akụkọ Muir. Ọ bụ ihe obi ụtọ ịmara ya nke ọma.
- Ken Burns, onye na-eme ihe nkiri maka "The National Parks: America's Idea", nke e hotara na [1] .com/news/ci_12991781?source=rss akụkọ akụkọ] nke Chuck Barney, Contra Costa Times (4 Ọgọst 2009)
Njikọ Mpuga
[dezie]- John Muir na Wikipedia bekee
- John Muir na Wikimedia Commons
- John Muir na Wikisource
- Works by John Muir from Project Gutenberg
- John Muir Exhibit at the Sierra Club
- John Muir Global Network
- John Muir Association
- John Muir National Historic Site from National Park Service
- Dunbar's John Muir Association
- John Muir Birthplace Trust
- John Muir Trust
- John Muir eco money with quotes