We investigate the dynamics of sensory integration for perceiving musical performance, a complex ... more We investigate the dynamics of sensory integration for perceiving musical performance, a complex natural behavior. Thirty musically trained participants saw, heard, or both saw and heard, performances by two clarinetists. All participants used a sliding potentiometer to make continuous judgments of tension (a measure correlated with emotional response) and continuous judgments of phrasing (a measure correlated with perceived musical structure) as performances were presented. The data analysis sought to reveal relations between the sensory modalities (vision and audition) and to quantify the effect of seeing the performances on participants' overall subjective experience of the music. In addition to traditional statistics, functional data analysis techniques were employed to analyze time-varying aspects of the data. The auditory and visual channels were found to convey similar experiences of phrasing but different experiences of tension through much of the performances. We found that visual information served both to augment and to reduce the experience of tension at different points in the musical piece (as revealed by functional linear modeling and functional significance testing). In addition, the musicians' movements served to extend the sense of phrasing, to cue the beginning of new phrases, to indicate musical interpretation, and to anticipate changes in emotional content. Evidence for an interaction effect suggests that there may exist an emergent quality when musical performances are both seen and heard. The investigation augments knowledge of human communicative processes spanning language and music, and involving multiple modalities of emotion and information transfer.
We have shown that the cortical plasticity induced by paired associative stimulation is impaired ... more We have shown that the cortical plasticity induced by paired associative stimulation is impaired in patients with Parkinson disease. It is known that the normal aging reduces the dopamine in the basal ganglia. Thus, we tested whether the normal aging itself can change the cortical plasticity in human by using TMS. We investigated the M1 plasticity induced by PAS combining the median nerve stimulation and TMS in 48 normal volunteers (32 males, 16 females; 21-79 y.o.). The magnitude of plasticity was measured by the ratio of motor evoked potentials (MEP) before and just after PAS intervention. The average MEP ratios were 1.89, 1.45 and 1.18 for the age group of 20-39, 40-59, 60-79 y.o., which were significantly different. We found the age-related reduction of M1 plasticity, which may be a neral correlate of decreased learning ability in the aged people. One possible factor associated with decreased plasticity may be age-related reduction of dopamine system. tDCS Poster Only 257 Modulating cognitive performance through transcranial direct current stimulation Vines B, Schlaug G, BIDMC / Harvard Medical School (Boston, US)
We have shown that the cortical plasticity induced by paired associative stimulation is impaired ... more We have shown that the cortical plasticity induced by paired associative stimulation is impaired in patients with Parkinson disease. It is known that the normal aging reduces the dopamine in the basal ganglia. Thus, we tested whether the normal aging itself can change the cortical plasticity in human by using TMS. We investigated the M1 plasticity induced by PAS combining the median nerve stimulation and TMS in 48 normal volunteers (32 males, 16 females; 21-79 y.o.). The magnitude of plasticity was measured by the ratio of motor evoked potentials (MEP) before and just after PAS intervention. The average MEP ratios were 1.89, 1.45 and 1.18 for the age group of 20-39, 40-59, 60-79 y.o., which were significantly different. We found the age-related reduction of M1 plasticity, which may be a neral correlate of decreased learning ability in the aged people. One possible factor associated with decreased plasticity may be age-related reduction of dopamine system.
Musical performance involves both auditory and visual communication between musicians and observe... more Musical performance involves both auditory and visual communication between musicians and observers. Body movements and postures convey a person's mental states and emotions.1,2 Past research revealed that musicians' physical gestures convey their expressive ...
Research has suggested that a fronto-temporal network in the right hemisphere may be responsible ... more Research has suggested that a fronto-temporal network in the right hemisphere may be responsible for mediating melodic intonation therapy's (MIT) positive effects on speech recovery. We investigated the potential for a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), to augment the benefits of MIT in patients with non-fluent aphasia by modulating neural activity in the brain during treatment with MIT. The polarity of the current applied to the scalp determines the effects of tDCS on the underlying tissue: anodal -tDCS increases excitability, whereas cathodal tDCS decreases excitability. We applied anodal -tDCS to the posterior inferior frontal gyrus of the right hemisphere, an area that has been shown both to contribute to singing through the mapping of sounds to articulatory actions and to serve as a key region in the process of recovery from aphasia, particularly in patients with large left hemisphere lesions.The stimulation was applied while patients were treated with MIT by a trained therapist. Six patients with moderate to severe non-fluent aphasia underwent three consecutive days of anodal -tDCS + MIT, and an equivalent series of sham-tDCS + MIT. The two treatment series were separated by 1 week, and the order in which the treatments were administered was randomized. Compared to the effects of sham-tDCS + MIT, anodal -tDCS + MIT led to significant improvements in fluency of speech.These results support the hypothesis that, as the brain seeks to reorganize and compensate for damage to left hemisphere language centers, combining anodal -tDCS with MIT may further recovery from post-stroke aphasia by enhancing activity in a right hemisphere sensorimotor network for articulation.
We investigate the dynamics of sensory integration for perceiving musical performance, a complex ... more We investigate the dynamics of sensory integration for perceiving musical performance, a complex natural behavior. Thirty musically trained participants saw, heard, or both saw and heard, performances by two clarinetists. All participants used a sliding potentiometer to make continuous judgments of tension (a measure correlated with emotional response) and continuous judgments of phrasing (a measure correlated with perceived musical structure) as performances were presented. The data analysis sought to reveal relations between the sensory modalities (vision and audition) and to quantify the effect of seeing the performances on participants' overall subjective experience of the music. In addition to traditional statistics, functional data analysis techniques were employed to analyze time-varying aspects of the data. The auditory and visual channels were found to convey similar experiences of phrasing but different experiences of tension through much of the performances. We found that visual information served both to augment and to reduce the experience of tension at different points in the musical piece (as revealed by functional linear modeling and functional significance testing). In addition, the musicians' movements served to extend the sense of phrasing, to cue the beginning of new phrases, to indicate musical interpretation, and to anticipate changes in emotional content. Evidence for an interaction effect suggests that there may exist an emergent quality when musical performances are both seen and heard. The investigation augments knowledge of human communicative processes spanning language and music, and involving multiple modalities of emotion and information transfer.
We have shown that the cortical plasticity induced by paired associative stimulation is impaired ... more We have shown that the cortical plasticity induced by paired associative stimulation is impaired in patients with Parkinson disease. It is known that the normal aging reduces the dopamine in the basal ganglia. Thus, we tested whether the normal aging itself can change the cortical plasticity in human by using TMS. We investigated the M1 plasticity induced by PAS combining the median nerve stimulation and TMS in 48 normal volunteers (32 males, 16 females; 21-79 y.o.). The magnitude of plasticity was measured by the ratio of motor evoked potentials (MEP) before and just after PAS intervention. The average MEP ratios were 1.89, 1.45 and 1.18 for the age group of 20-39, 40-59, 60-79 y.o., which were significantly different. We found the age-related reduction of M1 plasticity, which may be a neral correlate of decreased learning ability in the aged people. One possible factor associated with decreased plasticity may be age-related reduction of dopamine system. tDCS Poster Only 257 Modulating cognitive performance through transcranial direct current stimulation Vines B, Schlaug G, BIDMC / Harvard Medical School (Boston, US)
We have shown that the cortical plasticity induced by paired associative stimulation is impaired ... more We have shown that the cortical plasticity induced by paired associative stimulation is impaired in patients with Parkinson disease. It is known that the normal aging reduces the dopamine in the basal ganglia. Thus, we tested whether the normal aging itself can change the cortical plasticity in human by using TMS. We investigated the M1 plasticity induced by PAS combining the median nerve stimulation and TMS in 48 normal volunteers (32 males, 16 females; 21-79 y.o.). The magnitude of plasticity was measured by the ratio of motor evoked potentials (MEP) before and just after PAS intervention. The average MEP ratios were 1.89, 1.45 and 1.18 for the age group of 20-39, 40-59, 60-79 y.o., which were significantly different. We found the age-related reduction of M1 plasticity, which may be a neral correlate of decreased learning ability in the aged people. One possible factor associated with decreased plasticity may be age-related reduction of dopamine system.
Musical performance involves both auditory and visual communication between musicians and observe... more Musical performance involves both auditory and visual communication between musicians and observers. Body movements and postures convey a person's mental states and emotions.1,2 Past research revealed that musicians' physical gestures convey their expressive ...
Research has suggested that a fronto-temporal network in the right hemisphere may be responsible ... more Research has suggested that a fronto-temporal network in the right hemisphere may be responsible for mediating melodic intonation therapy's (MIT) positive effects on speech recovery. We investigated the potential for a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), to augment the benefits of MIT in patients with non-fluent aphasia by modulating neural activity in the brain during treatment with MIT. The polarity of the current applied to the scalp determines the effects of tDCS on the underlying tissue: anodal -tDCS increases excitability, whereas cathodal tDCS decreases excitability. We applied anodal -tDCS to the posterior inferior frontal gyrus of the right hemisphere, an area that has been shown both to contribute to singing through the mapping of sounds to articulatory actions and to serve as a key region in the process of recovery from aphasia, particularly in patients with large left hemisphere lesions.The stimulation was applied while patients were treated with MIT by a trained therapist. Six patients with moderate to severe non-fluent aphasia underwent three consecutive days of anodal -tDCS + MIT, and an equivalent series of sham-tDCS + MIT. The two treatment series were separated by 1 week, and the order in which the treatments were administered was randomized. Compared to the effects of sham-tDCS + MIT, anodal -tDCS + MIT led to significant improvements in fluency of speech.These results support the hypothesis that, as the brain seeks to reorganize and compensate for damage to left hemisphere language centers, combining anodal -tDCS with MIT may further recovery from post-stroke aphasia by enhancing activity in a right hemisphere sensorimotor network for articulation.
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Papers by B. Vines