Volume 5, Issue 9 by CDN RIZWAN
Pakistan is an emerging economy which is based on financial performance of business organization.... more Pakistan is an emerging economy which is based on financial performance of business organization. Sustainable financial growth of corporations depends on effective board performance. The study aimed to reflect the presence of effective principle based corporate governance in Pakistan and its impact on financial performance of a company. The reason to select this topic is, that in Pakistan as yet the complete model of financial performance have not been used to find out the above said relationship. The data was collected from top 20 companies which got registered in the Karachi Stock Exchange during the period 2007 to 2014. Financial performance of these organizations were measured by different financial ratios like Tobin's Q, ROA, MB, ROE and etc. while the inside ownership, board size, board independence, board diversity, presence of audit and remuneration committees and dividend payout ratios were taken as indicators of the corporate governance under the guide lines of the code of corporate governance 2002 and 2012 regulated by the Security and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP). Results revealed that the inside ownership, board size, presence of independent/non-executive directors, dividend payout ratio and presence of audit committee had significant impact on organization's financial performance while the presence of remuneration committee and board diversity had no impact on firm's financial performance.
Papers by CDN RIZWAN
Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, Dec 1, 2011
Asian Journal of Empirical Research, 2013
The alarming emergence of global economic phenomenon of counterfeiting and the deficiency of rese... more The alarming emergence of global economic phenomenon of counterfeiting and the deficiency of research work in the context of consumer purchase intentions towards counterfeits makes the study more worthwhile than ever before. This study intends to examine the relationship of value consciousness, low price, past experience peer pressure and attitude on consumer purchase intentions in the context of counterfeit mobile phones in Pakistan. A sample of 329 students with the help of a questionnaire containing 22 statements related beliefs about counterfeited mobiles was taken. The data were analyzed using linear regression. The findings support the significant influence of past experience and low price on attitude towards counterfeit mobile phones, weak support for the role of value consciousness. Positive association between past experience, peer pressure and attitude towards counterfeit mobile phones were found and there is also a positive association of attitude with young consumer's purchase intentions. Strangely, low price was not significant in influencing the purchase intentions. For both practitioners and academics, the findings of this study hold important implications. The paper guides the policy makers and academics about the main predictors of consumer's attitude towards counterfeit mobile phones.
Journal of Public Administration and Governance, Aug 14, 2013
Nowadays, human resource is considered to be the most important asset of any organization. In ord... more Nowadays, human resource is considered to be the most important asset of any organization. In order to get the efficient and effective results from human resource and to make them feel satisfied at their respective jobs, employee motivation is compulsory. An active and effective Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Division and Rewards System of an organization play significant role in motivating employees The current study examines the relationship between employee's motivation and job satisfaction with respect to Rewards 227 for data collection. 184 questionnaires were distributed. The data was analyzed using regression analysis. All findings were checked at 0.05 level of significance. The result concludes that there is a significant impact of External CSR on employee motivation while Internal CSR has an insignificant impact on employee motivation. Similarly, there is a direct relation of extrinsic rewards and the employee's motivation. Interestingly, extrinsic rewards found an insignificant impact on employee motivation. However, Employee Motivation is directly related to job satisfaction. This study has got managerial importance in the context that it is not the extrinsic rewards always at all levels which motivate employees. This study gives a direction to the management of the organizations including banks the importance of intrinsic rewards and external CSR.
Mites of the genus Amblyseius are very important, since they as predators of phytophagous mites e... more Mites of the genus Amblyseius are very important, since they as predators of phytophagous mites especially mites of the families like Tetranychidae, Eriophyidae, Tarsonemidae and Tenuipalpidae. These mites also feed on other small arthropods and insects like aphid, ...
Asian Journal of Empirical Research, 2013
Time and trend wait for none. We are no more in Stone Age. It is 2012, Glass Age, where time is m... more Time and trend wait for none. We are no more in Stone Age. It is 2012, Glass Age, where time is money, so better skips the malls and start online shopping. The basis of this revision is to discover the influence of different variables on future intention of online shopping and the perception of people about online shopping as how people perceive shopping via internet by using technology. This research offers insight into the consumer's attitude. The outcomes have very significant effects on sellers, marketers and system providers of online shopping. A questionnaire survey has been carried out to test the hypothesis. The sample of 150 respondents is collected through a questionnaire. The hypotheses are tested by regression analysis. The outcomes show that attitude is an effective variable which has positively strong effect on future intention of online shopping even though the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use affects attitude to online shopping. Innovativeness has a substantial progressive impact on future intention of online shopping. Many studies on online shopping determine the impact of technology on it, yet this study determines the effect of attitude on online shopping.
International Journal of Human Resource Studies, Jul 2, 2014
After a long period of research on this topic, motivating employees and retaining them is still a... more After a long period of research on this topic, motivating employees and retaining them is still a threatening challenge for organizations. The study aims to analyze impact of rewards and corporate social responsibility (CSR) on employee"s motivation in Pakistan. This study specifically examines the relationship between intrinsic rewards, extrinsic rewards, internal International Journal of Human Resource Studies
Environmental science and pollution research international, Jan 14, 2016
Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) is one of the main staple food crops which is inherently low in micronutr... more Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) is one of the main staple food crops which is inherently low in micronutrients, especially iron (Fe), and can lead to severe Fe deficiency in populations having higher consumption of rice. Soils polluted with nickel (Ni) can cause toxicity to rice and decreased Fe uptake by rice plants. We investigated the potential role of biochar (BC) and gravel sludge (GS), alone and in combination, for in situ immobilization of Ni in an industrially Ni-contaminated soil at original and sulfur-amended altered soil pH. Our further aim was to increase Fe bioavailability to rice plants by the exogenous application of ferrous sulfate to the Ni-immobilized soil. Application of the mixture of both amendments reduced grain Ni concentration, phytate, Phytate/Fe, Phyt/Zn molar ratios, and soil DTPA-extractable Ni. In addition, the amendment mixture increased 70 % Fe and 229 % ferritin concentrations in rice grains grown in the soil at original pH. The Fe and ferritin concentrations...
Asian Journal of Empirical Research, 2013
Achieving the pleasures of successful work place is an art of coping with stress. Job stress is a... more Achieving the pleasures of successful work place is an art of coping with stress. Job stress is a very substantial issue at work place in this new era of competence. So this research is significantly emphasized on causes and effects of job stress and analyze its impact upon job satisfaction. This study also identifies the root causes of job stress (like work overload, role ambiguity, role conflict) and their influence on employees wellbeing, behavior and contribution towards effectiveness. A questionnaire (scales consisting thirty two items) is developed to assess the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction on the basis of Regression and ANOVA analysis. The findings describe very significant results between the variables. There is a very significant positive correlation between work overload and job stress and same is true for role conflict and role ambiguity. The negative correlation is found between job stress and job satisfaction. All the instruments and scales are taken from the standard sources. The results of study can be beneficial for the wide range of organizations, institutions, companies and departments for the better understanding of behavior and wellbeing of the employee's. Practical implications of results are also having a very significant importance for training concern organizations. This research suggests the direction for future recommendation on the relationship between job stress and organizational performance more concisely and briefly.
International Journal of Human Resource Studies, Jul 2, 2014
The idea of Employee Turnover Intention (ETI) is becoming hot topic for multinational, domestic a... more The idea of Employee Turnover Intention (ETI) is becoming hot topic for multinational, domestic and local organizations, even in the government organization"s and private companies. So few of the scholars have discussed many factors which influence the ETI variable, so therefore some of the factors are discussed those are Workplace Environment, Job Satisfaction and Job Performance which give positive effect on ETI. As the studies which are already done on the services sector of Pakistan are not much on the factors like Workplace Environment (WPE) and Job Performance (JP). So the main purpose of that study is to check the influence of WPI, JP and JS on the ETI in the services sector of Pakistan. The total sample size of the respondents of different employees from high level of income to low level of income the data was collected from them were 200, so then the data was processed by using multiple regression analysis software. So we found that job satisfaction(JS), job performance(JP), workplace environment(WPE) give an impact on employee turnover intention(ETI) in the services sector of Pakistan.
Journal of Public Administration and Governance, Jul 2, 2014
Purchase intention is the willingness of people to buy a certain product. When we evaluate the al... more Purchase intention is the willingness of people to buy a certain product. When we evaluate the alternatives, purchase decision is ready to be made by the consumer. Purchase Intention does not result in actual purchase every time .The marketing organization should help consumer to act purchase intention. Variety of ways is used by organization to attain it. Our Purpose of this study is basically to identify the purchase intentions of counterfeit mobile phones by consumers in Pakistan. Four preceding factors influence the consumer's purchase intentions based counterfeits products. By using self-administered questionnaires we collected data from our 160 respondents. For regression analysis we entered all that data into SPSS and do analysis also. Results of our study show significant relationship of past experience and attitude towards counterfeits on purchase intention. The results show insignificant relationship of low price and easy access on purchase intention, and easy access also shows significant relationship towards attitude towards counterfeits. These factors influence the purchase intention. This study is a vital source for the national and international marketers to collect information how different factors effect consumer's purchase intention.
Environmental science and pollution research international, Jan 28, 2016
Lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) contamination in croplands pose severe health hazards and environmental... more Lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) contamination in croplands pose severe health hazards and environmental concerns throughout soil-food chain transfer. In the present study, BCR, TCLP, CaCl2, and SBET techniques were employed to evaluate the simultaneous effectiveness of rice straw (RS) and its derived biochar (BC), multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT), and single superphosphate (SSP) to immobilize the Pb and Cu in co-contaminated soil. The BCR sequential extraction results suggested that with increasing BC and SSP amount, the acid-soluble fractions decreased while oxidizable and residual proportions of Pb and Cu were increased significantly. Compared to SSP, the application of BC amendment substantially modified partitioning of Cu from easily exchangeable phase to less bioavailable residual bound fraction. The immobilized Pb and Cu were mainly transformed to reducible forms. The TCLP and CaCl2-extracted Pb and Cu were reduced significantly by the addition of BC compared to RS and MWCNT, where...
International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, Nov 2, 2014
Motorbike collision affects the victim as well as other members of community and society around t... more Motorbike collision affects the victim as well as other members of community and society around the victim, training of motorbike rider play vital role in this social event. Objective of the study was that to investigate and quantify the trainings among educated youth which responsible to reduce the road accidents of motorbikes. Methodology was consisted of the students of Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan as universe with 500 sample size which was selected through convenient sampling and data was collected with the help of questionnaires. Greater proportion of respondents was without license of motorbike riding, greater proportion license holder got license without skill test, respondents had little awareness about road sigs, Personal Protective Equipments related motorbike riding and First Aid, 70.2% respondents had no book of traffic codes, 84.6 respondents had faced motorbike collision but greater part of respondents had no training of First Aid. Mostly respondent gave the opinion that motorbike collision effect on economic, education and family behavior, in spite of this 40.2% respondents said trainings for motorbike riders should no be compulsory and 45.6% gave opinion that there is no need to repeat the trainings and skill test. This research article suggest that traffic or road safety department should improve the law enforcement, licensing system, encourage monitor the riding schools with international standard and do campaigns about motorbike riding trainings for motivating to motorbike riders.
Environmental science and pollution research international, Jan 21, 2016
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the main pollutants in paddy fields, and its accumulation in rice (Oryza s... more Cadmium (Cd) is one of the main pollutants in paddy fields, and its accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and subsequent transfer to food chain is a global environmental issue. This paper reviews the toxic effects, tolerance mechanisms, and management of Cd in a rice paddy. Cadmium toxicity decreases seed germination, growth, mineral nutrients, photosynthesis, and grain yield. It also causes oxidative stress and genotoxicity in rice. Plant response to Cd toxicity varies with cultivars, growth condition, and duration of Cd exposure. Under Cd stress, stimulation of antioxidant defense system, osmoregulation, ion homeostasis, and over production of signaling molecules are important tolerance mechanisms in rice. Several strategies have been proposed for the management of Cd-contaminated paddy soils. One such approach is the exogenous application of hormones, osmolytes, and signaling molecules. Moreover, Cd uptake and toxicity in rice can be decreased by proper application of essential ...
Mycotoxin Research, Mar 31, 2010
Genome sequencing for many important fungi has begun during recent years; however, there is still... more Genome sequencing for many important fungi has begun during recent years; however, there is still some deficiency in proteome profiling of aspergilli. To obtain a comprehensive overview of proteins and their expression, a proteomic approach based on 2D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry was used to investigate A. ochraceus. The cell walls of fungi are exceptionally resistant to destruction, therefore two lysis protocols were tested: (1) lysis via manual grinding using liquid nitrogen, and (2) mechanical lysis via rapid agitation with glass beads using MagNalyser. Mechanical grinding with mortar and pestle using liquid nitrogen was found to be a more efficient extraction method for our purpose, resulting in extracts with higher protein content and a clear band pattern in SDS-PAGE. Two-dimensional electrophoresis gave a complex spot pattern comprising proteins of a broad range of isoelectric points and molecular masses. The most abundant spots were subjected to mass spectrometric analysis. We could identify 31 spots representing 26 proteins, most of them involved in metabolic processes and response to stress. Seventeen spots were identified by de novo sequencing due to a lack of DNA and protein database sequences of A. ochraceus. The proteins identified in our study have been reported for the first time in A. ochraceus and this represents the first proteomic approach with identification of major proteins, when the fungus was grown under submerged culture.
International Journal of Human Resource Studies, Jul 2, 2014
Research was conducted to analyze the effect of empowerment, rewards, training & development and ... more Research was conducted to analyze the effect of empowerment, rewards, training & development and working conditions on employee satisfaction and also the impact of top level management on all these variables. The aim of this study was to find out the degree of satisfaction level of employees and the behavior of top level management in suffocated conditions in the developing city of Islamic Republic Pakistan. For this purpose 200 questionnaires were distributed from which 160 were got back and 151 were selected to examine and analysis. It was found after analysis that only rewards has positive significant effect on worker, rest of the variables showed insignificant effect on employee satisfaction. The top level management had the positive significant effect on rewards, training & development and empowerment.
Environmental technology, Jan 2, 2016
Abstract[S1] Soil contamination with heavy metals has become a global environmental health concer... more Abstract[S1] Soil contamination with heavy metals has become a global environmental health concern. In the present study, BCR and TCLP techniques were used to evaluate the Pb and Cu subsequent transformation, immobilizing impact of pyrolytic and non-pyrolytic rice and castor straws and their efficiency to reduce the metals mobility and leachability in the polluted soil. Obtained results highlight the potential of biochar over non-pyrolytic residues to enhance the immobilization of Pb and Cu in the soil. Castor leaves derived biochar (CLB), castor stem derived biochar (CSB), and rice straw derived biochar (RSB) prominently decreased the mobility (acid-soluble fraction) of Pb 49.8%, 31.1% and 31.9%, respectively, while Cu decreased 15.8%, 11.5%, and 12%, respectively, as compare to control. Sequential extraction showed that biochar treatments prominently modified the proportioning of Pb and Cu from acid soluble to a less bioavailable fraction and increased the geochemical stability in...
Pakistan Journal of Psychology, 2005
Chemosphere, 2016
The human population boom, urbanization and rapid industrialization have either directly or indir... more The human population boom, urbanization and rapid industrialization have either directly or indirectly resulted in the serious environmental toxification of the soil-food web by metal exposure from anthropogenic sources in most of the developing industrialized world. The present study was conducted to analyze concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in soil and vegetables in the urban-periurban areas influenced by emerging industry. Vegetables and their corresponding soil samples were collected and analyzed for heavy metals contents from six random sites. According to the results, the potential health risks from metals to the local communities were assessed by following the methodology described by the US-EPA. In general, the total non-carcinogenic risks were shown to be less than the limits set by the US-EPA. However, the potential risk of developing carcinogenicity in humans over a lifetime of exposure could be increased through the dietary intake of Cd, Cr and Ni. In some cases, Pb was also marginally higher than the safe level. It was concluded that some effective remedial approaches should be adopted to mitigate the risks of Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb in the study area because these metal levels have exceeded the safe limits for human health. However, new studies on gastrointestinal bioaccessibility in human are required to heighten our understanding about metals exposure and health risk assessment.
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Volume 5, Issue 9 by CDN RIZWAN
Papers by CDN RIZWAN