Papers by Ederson Augusto Zanetti
MOJ ecology & environmental sciences, Sep 27, 2023
IntechOpen eBooks, May 31, 2023
In the coming decades, there will be a global increase in demand for biomass and in advocating GH... more In the coming decades, there will be a global increase in demand for biomass and in advocating GHG emission removal technology and practices. In the agriculture and forestry context, intensification of land use is the most promising solution-together with processing efficiency-in balancing consumption, rated as human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP), with Net Primary Production (NPP) from atmospheric CO 2 fertilization. Forest plantations, croplands, cultivated pastures, lianas, palms and other secondary vegetation have shown yield gains from CO 2 fertilization, while native forest (trees) experience short-lived increases in growth rates and are out-competed by fast-growing components-secondary vegetation. There is evident path of degradation in non-managed, native tropical forests fueled by atmospheric CO 2 fertilization. Following such BAU scenario, tropical forests would experience important dwindling in tree cover on a temporal scale. An alternative IFM scenario is proposed combining contemporary silviculture techniques, adapted land use intensification and HWP increase. This would contribute additional atmospheric CO 2 removals, certifiable as CDR goods able to generate carbon credits and financial incentive for cultivation of improved native tree species. These CDR credits can be included in tropical countries' NDC and presented at UNFCCC as an ITMO for fighting global climate change.
Artigo PDF, 2018
Este trabalho trata do tema dos Bancos de Biodiversidade, fazendo alusão a sua importância como e... more Este trabalho trata do tema dos Bancos de Biodiversidade, fazendo alusão a sua importância como estratégia complementar de conservação, focando nas espécies sobre pressão, ameaçadas ou em extinção. Foi demonstrado o trabalho realizado pelo projeto Green Farm com o Banco de Biodiversidade de Harpia harpya na Floresta Atlântica de Interior, incluindo a quantidade de créditos disponíveis, calculados em 02 (dois) e o valor de R$ 575 mil para ambos. Foi apresentada a perspectiva de no futuro haver mutuo reconhecimento de bancos em diversos países e se criar um sistema global de biodiversidade, a exemplo do sistema financeiro mundial
Forests and Climate Change: adaptation and mitigation, 2009
Worldwide, the construction sector makes a huge contribution to greenhouse gas (GhG)
emissions. T... more Worldwide, the construction sector makes a huge contribution to greenhouse gas (GhG)
emissions. The Brazilian government recently launched the Minha Casa, Minha Vida (My
home, My Life) program to support one million low-income families in buying their first
house. All the houses will be built using iron and cement, which significantly increases this
sector’s contribution to a negative balance in national emissions.
This article argues that social housing built of wood is well suited and as safe, or safer, as
houses built of other materials. in fact, using wood helps in the fight against global warming. The use of sustainably harvested wood in
construction results in several benefits to society,
economy and environment
MOJ Ecology & Environmental Sciences, 2023
According to the IPCC’s latest report limiting warming to 1.5°
Celsius translates into around 6 b... more According to the IPCC’s latest report limiting warming to 1.5°
Celsius translates into around 6 billion tCO2 of Carbon Dioxide
Removals CDR per year by 2050. Meeting the recent pathways
laid out by the IPCC will require total cumulative net CDR of 100-
1000 billion tCO
2 by 2100.1 To remove 10 billion tCO2 at US$10/
tCO
2e or $100/tCO2e, means generating between US$100 billion
and US$1 trillion a year market by 2050. In short, the CDR market
needs to grow very meaningfully. In the first semester of 2023, the
market on CDR increased 5.6X compared to the whole 2022 and
reached almost 3.4M tCO
2e which is still less than 0.04 % of 2050
goal.2 Billions of US dollars are being raised globally to approach
the trillionaire CDR market which is predicted to grow steadily up
to 2050 and 2100. Tech Industry leaders, Direct Air Capture DAC
developers, Investors, private sector players, registries, platforms,
federal governments and Non-Governmental Organizations NGOs
are aligning fast towards this new and promising avenue for fighting
climate change. Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Uses AFOLU
sector accounts for a net removal of about 310 million tCO
2e in the
whole European Union EU, equivalent to about 9% of emissions from
the other sectors. The European Green Deal has the strategy towards
a climate-neutral Europe by 2050 which includes Harvested Wood
Products HWP as store of carbon (for example when used as building
materials) to remove CO2, to expand sustainable carbon removals and
encourage the use of innovative solutions to capture, recycle and store
CO
2 by farmers, foresters and industries.3
Tropical Forest, 2023
In the coming decades, there will be a global increase in demand for biomass and
in advocating GH... more In the coming decades, there will be a global increase in demand for biomass and
in advocating GHG emission removal technology and practices. In the agriculture and
forestry context, intensification of land use is the most promising solution—together
with processing efficiency—in balancing consumption, rated as human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP), with Net Primary Production (NPP) from
atmospheric CO2 fertilization. Forest plantations, croplands, cultivated pastures,
lianas, palms and other secondary vegetation have shown yield gains from CO2
fertilization, while native forest (trees) experience short-lived increases in growth
rates and are outcompeted by fast-growing vegetation components. There is evidence
showcasing a path of native tropical forest degradation given atmospheric CO2
fertilization, which is mainly due to favoring secondary vegetation competitiveness
against trees at un-managed standing stocks. Following such BAU scenario, tropical
forests would experience important dwindling in tree cover on a temporal scale. An
alternative IFM scenario is proposed, where contemporary silviculture techniques
can reverse the process and produce HWP and NTFP through alternative and adapted
land use intensification. This will contribute additional atmospheric CO2 removals,
certifiable as CDR goods, which are able to generate carbon credits for financing the
reduction of secondary vegetation and promoting cultivation of improved native tree
species. These CDR credits can be included in tropical countries` NDC and presented
at UNFCCC as an ITMO for fighting global climate change.
In the coming decades, there will be a global increase in demand for biomass and in advocating GH... more In the coming decades, there will be a global increase in demand for biomass and in advocating GHG emission removal technology and practices. In the agriculture and forestry context, intensification of land use is the most promising solution-together with processing efficiency-in balancing consumption, rated as human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP), with Net Primary Production (NPP) from atmospheric CO 2 fertilization. Forest plantations, croplands, cultivated pastures, lianas, palms and other secondary vegetation have shown yield gains from CO 2 fertilization, while native forest (trees) experience short-lived increases in growth rates and are outcompeted by fast-growing vegetation components. There is evidence showcasing a path of native tropical forest degradation given atmospheric CO 2 fertilization, which is mainly due to favoring secondary vegetation competitiveness against trees at un-managed standing stocks. Following such BAU scenario, tropical forests would experience important dwindling in tree cover on a temporal scale. An alternative IFM scenario is proposed, where contemporary silviculture techniques can reverse the process and produce HWP and NTFP through alternative and adapted land use intensification. This will contribute additional atmospheric CO 2 removals, certifiable as CDR goods, which are able to generate carbon credits for financing the reduction of secondary vegetation and promoting cultivation of improved native tree species. These CDR credits can be included in tropical countries` NDC and presented at UNFCCC as an ITMO for fighting global climate change.
Discorre sobre a Lei nº 4771, de 15.09.1965, que institui o novo Código Florestal e trata da rese... more Discorre sobre a Lei nº 4771, de 15.09.1965, que institui o novo Código Florestal e trata da reserva legal no Brasil. Aborda a aplicação do mercado de carbono no setor rural e o princípio do chamado efeito estufa. Menciona o Protocolo de Quioto, que trata da questão das mudanças climáticas. Versa sobre o passivo ambiental, sua prevenção e importância para o setor rural, e que este representa os danos causados ao meio ambiente pela atividade humana perante terceiros. Por fim, discorre sobre a reserva legal no Brasil e o mercado de carbono, a necessidade de revisão urgente do código e a obrigatoriedade da recuperação das áreas degradadas
Wood is Good, 2017
My Home my life Program—PMCMV (from Portuguese: Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida) is a Brazilian Fe... more My Home my life Program—PMCMV (from Portuguese: Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida) is a Brazilian Federal Government initiative to reduce country’s housing deficit. The Ministry of Cities is responsible for the program. The use of wood in housing construction, notoriously those from native species, is regulated by Ministry of Environment. By Decree 318/2014 from Ministry of Cities and Decree 27/2014 from Ministry of Environment, the use of close to 50 different native species’ Dead Wood and Harvested Wood Products from sustainable sources became eligible for appliance within My Home My Life Program—PMCMV at Northern region—Amazon region. Housing deficit within the region is estimate between 500,000 and 5 million units considering 2014–2030 time frame. Comparing traditional cement–iron models as baseline scenario and the approved wood model as Smart Growth using IPCC 2006 guidelines, industrial (construction) and AFOLU (REDD, REDD+ and HWP) sectors can generate carbon credits from this technological development influence. This project activity can be included within Brazilian voluntary emission’s reduction goals for Amazon region, REDD and REDD+. The inclusion of PMCMV wood housing project activity could generate between 40 million and 400 million tCO2e reductions depending on methodological approach, between 7 and 70% of Brazilian voluntary REDD and REDD+ goals for Amazon region. To make this potential effective, the Ministry of Environment and Ministry of Cities need to implement an adequate MRV methodology for managing carbon along wood houses production chain and develop a PoA project document. At the Brazilian Amazon, Federal Government is promoting the concept that: Wood is Good for REDD!
Os 20 milhoes de hectares de areas degradadas na agricultura familiar e outras propriedades rurai... more Os 20 milhoes de hectares de areas degradadas na agricultura familiar e outras propriedades rurais da Amazonia brasileira, os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentavel (ODS), a Plataforma Intercontinental de Politicas Cientificas sobre a Biodiversidade e Servicos Ecossistemicos (IPBES), o Acordo de Paris e o cenario de savanizacao pelo aceleramento das mudancas climaticas globais sao o pano de fundo do Servico Nacional de Carbono Rural da Amazonia (SNCRA). Os mercados florestal e de carbono emergem como instrumentos para viabilizar uma estrategia concertada de inclusao da agricultura familiar, atraves do SNCRA, nas atividades de recuperacao das areas degradadas e mitigacao das mudancas climaticas. A estrategia inclui o Fundo Nacional de Carbono Rural da Amazonia (FNCRA), um mecanismo de governanca – Comite de Gestao Bom Tempo, uma certificacao: Bom Tempo e uma rede de Armazens Florestais, entrepostos comerciais e de prestacao de servicos. Depois de implantada vai contribuir para o es...
The Green Economy is based on productive and services provision chains contribution to Sustainabl... more The Green Economy is based on productive and services provision chains contribution to Sustainable Development. To demonstrate such commitment, forest sector al. over the world is searching to elaborate Criteria & Indicators – C&I of SFM monitoring. It is necessary to evaluate forest enterprise behavior compliance with those C&I as well as the practice contribution to overal. sustainable development at Brazilian Amazon region. This work approaches the C&I for SFM monitoring at Brazilian Amazon, as foreseen at the Forest Code, including enterprise behavior and overal. contribution to regional sustainable development. For this work 3 principles of SFM were selected together with 2 indicators for each: Environmental – environmental considerations and cultivated biodiversity; Social forest policies and legal instrument; Economical – socioeconomic aspects and international aspects. These criteria were evaluated considering four indicators: history, objectives, actual status and problems....
The main problem at al. studied tropical countries is the lack of infrastructure which determines... more The main problem at al. studied tropical countries is the lack of infrastructure which determines a large number of infectious diseases among the population. At the Brazilian Amazon the compliance level reached 50% (7 th place). At Brazilian Amazon, the forest policy and legal instruments inputs limits to social and economical inclusion within the activity, mainly due to the use of a single silvicultural practice-selective cutting with natural regeneration, which should not be confused with SFM. Institutions need capacity building looking into enforcing a decentralized decision making process. Forest concession with the model used in Brazil facilitate public agents corruption, drive social and economical exclusion by concentrating large areas into the hands of a few selected companies, and initiate a cycle of forest degradation which ends by deforestation. The conclusion is for the feasibility of the used methodology to evaluate the advance of SFM implementation, al.owing a measurement of regional policy effectiveness. It is suggested that these C&I of SFM at country level become part of the Brazilian Forest Code, with their inclusion at art 15 th within the following paragraph: "Only Paragraph: The behavior of technical plans of conduction and management regulated will be evaluated according with their contribution for regional sustainable development, towards regional level C&I comparable with those used at other countries in the world, to be regulated within the period of one year".
… Florestal Brasileira, 2010
Resumo O presente trabalho teve por objetivos estimar a produção de madeira, o estoque de carbono... more Resumo O presente trabalho teve por objetivos estimar a produção de madeira, o estoque de carbono ea rentabilidade econômica, incluindo a venda de créditos de carbono de plantações de Eucalyptus grandis e Pinus elliottii em consórcio com pastagens. Foram ...
Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira, Mar 22, 2010
Resumo O presente trabalho teve por objetivos estimar a produção de madeira, o estoque de carbono... more Resumo O presente trabalho teve por objetivos estimar a produção de madeira, o estoque de carbono ea rentabilidade econômica, incluindo a venda de créditos de carbono de plantações de Eucalyptus grandis e Pinus elliottii em consórcio com pastagens. Foram ...
Chapters of the regional assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services for the Americas of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, 2018
For most countries of the region, environment is mostly dealt with as a separate sector in nation... more For most countries of the region, environment is mostly dealt with as a separate sector in national planning, and has hitherto not been effectively mainstreamed across development sectors (well established). Moreover, the development pressures outpace or outweigh the development and implementation of policies that can attend to the growing drivers affecting biodiversity and ecosystem services. This is especially true for the developing countries in the Americas region; and accounts for many of the negative trends in biodiversity and ecosystem services that are evident across the region (well established). For example, in Latin America and the Caribbean, natural resource use policies often come into place only when fundamental shifts in land-use are already underway such that interventions tend to become more costly and have limited influence (established but incomplete).
Despite reported reductions in the rate of loss in specific biomes in the Americas, the net loss that is currently evident in almost every aspect of the region’s natural ecosystems is expected to continue through to 2050, driven largely by unsustainable agricultural practices and climate change (established but incomplete). This will result in reductions in the adaptive capacity of the societies throughout the region, especially economically vulnerable communities in Latin America and the Caribbean (established but incomplete).
There are threats to the goal of achieving a fair balance between a healthy environment and enhanced quality of life across the region. In addition to the speed of climate and land use change, and the persistence of poverty, the region continues to be challenged by failure to implement designed policies, lack of transparency and/or accountability of key stakeholders, failure to acknowledge indigenous and local knowledge and practices, difficulty in engaging the public or developing truly participatory mechanisms for decision-making (established but incomplete).
To be cited as:
Scarano, F. R., Garcia, K., Diaz-de-Leon, A., Queiroz., H. L., Rodríguez Osuna., V., Silvestri, L. C., Díaz M., C. F., Pérez-Maqueo, O., Rosales B., M., Salabarria F., D. M., Zanetti, E. A., and Farinacci, J. S. Chapter 6: Options for governance and decision-making across scales and sectors. In IPBES (2018): The IPBES regional assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services for the Americas. Rice, J., Seixas, C. S., Zaccagnini, M. E., Bedoya-Gaitán, M., and Valderrama, N. (eds.). Secretariat of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn, Germany, pp. 644-721.
Normative 318/2014 (Ministry of Cities) and Normative ICMBIO 27/2014 foresee appliance of Dead Wo... more Normative 318/2014 (Ministry of Cities) and Normative ICMBIO 27/2014 foresee appliance of Dead Wood and Harvested Wood Products for " My Home My Life Program " within Northern Region. Social housing deficit at the region is estimate between 500,000 and 5 million units over 2014-2030. This two Federal regulations created an institutional environmental carbon credits friendly, for both industrial (construction) and AFOLU (REDD+) sectors, as prescribed by IPCC2006. This project activity can help accomplishing Brazilian voluntary emissions reduction goals within the framework of fighting deforestation and forest degradation at the Amazon, REDD and REDD+. Overall the inclusion of social wood housing from PMCMV can generate between 40 Million and 400 million tCO2e emissions' reduction, some 7 to 70% of Brazilian goal for the sector within the Amazon. To make this potential reality it is necessary to implement an appropriate MRV methodology to follow carbon behavior along social wood housing models' production chains within the region, and to develop a Program Of Activities Carbon Project Document. With the aim of reducing global GHG emissions, UNFCCC includes forest management and increase of standing stocks project activities amongst innovations for tropical forests income, social including and environmental protection. The so called REDD = Reduction of Emission from Deforestation and Degradation (conserves the Carbon stocks) and REDD + = Increase on forest cover, conservation and sustainable forest management (more carbon) and the HWP = Harvested Wood Products. According with FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), Deforestation means: " changing on land use with reduction of tree crow cover below 10% by hectare " while Degradation is translated as: " change between forest classes (f.e. from " close " to " open ") which negatively affects the site and, in particular, reduces its productivity capacity. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change-IPCC2006 guidelines for GHG inventories from different sectors holds chapter 4 to AFOLU (Agriculture, Forests and Other Land Uses), including accounting procedures for Dead Wood – DW and Harvested Wood Products-HWP. Within IPCC2006 Dead Wood (DW) is classified as all kinds of branches, leaves, roots, dead trees and other types of biomass not included as litter or soil. Harvested Wood Products (HWP) are all wood material leaving project activities boundaries – other materials remaining within boundaries are to be accounted as DW. Because of this, wood used within project activity boundaries for fencing, furniture, construction, energy and others must be accounted as DW when determining forest areas carbon sequestration and storage, including from those without a formal Sustainable Forest Management Plan – SFMP. At those areas holding SFMP the rule is the same regarding DW, and besides this logs, timber, firewood and others imports and exports are also to be accounted for as HWP. Methodological issues UNFCCC project activities related, determined some basic aspects for project activity implementation, including: Estimates and Monitoring; MRV methodology which are robust and consistent and; applicability of the MRV methodology according to IPCC. Project activity geographical boundaries will determine DW or HWP accountability. REDD project activities incorporate DW to contribute for estimates and
Thesis Chapters by Ederson Augusto Zanetti
Phd Thesis, 2012
The Green Economy is based on productive and services provision chains
contribution to Sustainabl... more The Green Economy is based on productive and services provision chains
contribution to Sustainable Development. To demonstrate such commitment, forest
sector al. over the world is searching to elaborate Criteria & Indicators – C&I of SFM
monitoring. It is necessary to evaluate forest enterprise behavior compliance with
those C&I as well as the practice contribution to overal. sustainable development at
Brazilian Amazon region. This work approaches the C&I for SFM monitoring at
Brazilian Amazon, as foreseen at the Forest Code, including enterprise behavior and
overal. contribution to regional sustainable development. For this work 3 principles of
SFM were selected together with 2 indicators for each: Environmental –
environmental considerations and cultivated biodiversity; Social - forest policies and
legal instrument; Economical – socioeconomic aspects and international aspects.
These criteria were evaluated considering four indicators: history, objectives, actual
status and problems. The analysis of 20 tropical countries portrayed the following
classification on SFM advance: Brazil (68 %); India (67 %); Malaysia (63 %); Gabon
(60 %); Congo (58 %); Myanmar (55 %), Thailand (51 %), Ivory Coast (49 %);
Cameroon (46 %); Nigeria (42 %), Ghana (42 %); DRC (42 %); Colombia (41 %);
Venezuela (39 %), Indonesia (36 %); PNG (34 %); Peru (31 %); Bolivia (31 %);
Ecuador (30 %); Philippines (24 %). The main problem at al. studied tropical
countries is the lack of infrastructure which determines a large number of infectious
diseases among the population. At the Brazilian Amazon the compliance level
reached 50% (7th place). At Brazilian Amazon, the forest policy and legal instruments
inputs limits to social and economical inclusion within the activity, mainly due to the
use of a single silvicultural practice – selective cutting with natural regeneration,
which should not be confused with SFM. Institutions need capacity building looking
into enforcing a decentralized decision making process. Forest concession with the
model used in Brazil facilitate public agents corruption, drive social and economical
exclusion by concentrating large areas into the hands of a few selected companies,
and initiate a cycle of forest degradation which ends by deforestation. The conclusion
is for the feasibility of the used methodology to evaluate the advance of SFM
implementation, al.owing a measurement of regional policy effectiveness. It is
suggested that these C&I of SFM at country level become part of the Brazilian Forest
Code, with their inclusion at art 15th within the following paragraph: “Only Paragraph:
The behavior of technical plans of conduction and management regulated will be
evaluated according with their contribution for regional sustainable development,
towards regional level C&I comparable with those used at other countries in the
world, to be regulated within the period of one year”.
Uploads
Papers by Ederson Augusto Zanetti
emissions. The Brazilian government recently launched the Minha Casa, Minha Vida (My
home, My Life) program to support one million low-income families in buying their first
house. All the houses will be built using iron and cement, which significantly increases this
sector’s contribution to a negative balance in national emissions.
This article argues that social housing built of wood is well suited and as safe, or safer, as
houses built of other materials. in fact, using wood helps in the fight against global warming. The use of sustainably harvested wood in
construction results in several benefits to society,
economy and environment
Celsius translates into around 6 billion tCO2 of Carbon Dioxide
Removals CDR per year by 2050. Meeting the recent pathways
laid out by the IPCC will require total cumulative net CDR of 100-
1000 billion tCO
2 by 2100.1 To remove 10 billion tCO2 at US$10/
tCO
2e or $100/tCO2e, means generating between US$100 billion
and US$1 trillion a year market by 2050. In short, the CDR market
needs to grow very meaningfully. In the first semester of 2023, the
market on CDR increased 5.6X compared to the whole 2022 and
reached almost 3.4M tCO
2e which is still less than 0.04 % of 2050
goal.2 Billions of US dollars are being raised globally to approach
the trillionaire CDR market which is predicted to grow steadily up
to 2050 and 2100. Tech Industry leaders, Direct Air Capture DAC
developers, Investors, private sector players, registries, platforms,
federal governments and Non-Governmental Organizations NGOs
are aligning fast towards this new and promising avenue for fighting
climate change. Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Uses AFOLU
sector accounts for a net removal of about 310 million tCO
2e in the
whole European Union EU, equivalent to about 9% of emissions from
the other sectors. The European Green Deal has the strategy towards
a climate-neutral Europe by 2050 which includes Harvested Wood
Products HWP as store of carbon (for example when used as building
materials) to remove CO2, to expand sustainable carbon removals and
encourage the use of innovative solutions to capture, recycle and store
CO
2 by farmers, foresters and industries.3
in advocating GHG emission removal technology and practices. In the agriculture and
forestry context, intensification of land use is the most promising solution—together
with processing efficiency—in balancing consumption, rated as human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP), with Net Primary Production (NPP) from
atmospheric CO2 fertilization. Forest plantations, croplands, cultivated pastures,
lianas, palms and other secondary vegetation have shown yield gains from CO2
fertilization, while native forest (trees) experience short-lived increases in growth
rates and are outcompeted by fast-growing vegetation components. There is evidence
showcasing a path of native tropical forest degradation given atmospheric CO2
fertilization, which is mainly due to favoring secondary vegetation competitiveness
against trees at un-managed standing stocks. Following such BAU scenario, tropical
forests would experience important dwindling in tree cover on a temporal scale. An
alternative IFM scenario is proposed, where contemporary silviculture techniques
can reverse the process and produce HWP and NTFP through alternative and adapted
land use intensification. This will contribute additional atmospheric CO2 removals,
certifiable as CDR goods, which are able to generate carbon credits for financing the
reduction of secondary vegetation and promoting cultivation of improved native tree
species. These CDR credits can be included in tropical countries` NDC and presented
at UNFCCC as an ITMO for fighting global climate change.
Despite reported reductions in the rate of loss in specific biomes in the Americas, the net loss that is currently evident in almost every aspect of the region’s natural ecosystems is expected to continue through to 2050, driven largely by unsustainable agricultural practices and climate change (established but incomplete). This will result in reductions in the adaptive capacity of the societies throughout the region, especially economically vulnerable communities in Latin America and the Caribbean (established but incomplete).
There are threats to the goal of achieving a fair balance between a healthy environment and enhanced quality of life across the region. In addition to the speed of climate and land use change, and the persistence of poverty, the region continues to be challenged by failure to implement designed policies, lack of transparency and/or accountability of key stakeholders, failure to acknowledge indigenous and local knowledge and practices, difficulty in engaging the public or developing truly participatory mechanisms for decision-making (established but incomplete).
To be cited as:
Scarano, F. R., Garcia, K., Diaz-de-Leon, A., Queiroz., H. L., Rodríguez Osuna., V., Silvestri, L. C., Díaz M., C. F., Pérez-Maqueo, O., Rosales B., M., Salabarria F., D. M., Zanetti, E. A., and Farinacci, J. S. Chapter 6: Options for governance and decision-making across scales and sectors. In IPBES (2018): The IPBES regional assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services for the Americas. Rice, J., Seixas, C. S., Zaccagnini, M. E., Bedoya-Gaitán, M., and Valderrama, N. (eds.). Secretariat of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn, Germany, pp. 644-721.
Thesis Chapters by Ederson Augusto Zanetti
contribution to Sustainable Development. To demonstrate such commitment, forest
sector al. over the world is searching to elaborate Criteria & Indicators – C&I of SFM
monitoring. It is necessary to evaluate forest enterprise behavior compliance with
those C&I as well as the practice contribution to overal. sustainable development at
Brazilian Amazon region. This work approaches the C&I for SFM monitoring at
Brazilian Amazon, as foreseen at the Forest Code, including enterprise behavior and
overal. contribution to regional sustainable development. For this work 3 principles of
SFM were selected together with 2 indicators for each: Environmental –
environmental considerations and cultivated biodiversity; Social - forest policies and
legal instrument; Economical – socioeconomic aspects and international aspects.
These criteria were evaluated considering four indicators: history, objectives, actual
status and problems. The analysis of 20 tropical countries portrayed the following
classification on SFM advance: Brazil (68 %); India (67 %); Malaysia (63 %); Gabon
(60 %); Congo (58 %); Myanmar (55 %), Thailand (51 %), Ivory Coast (49 %);
Cameroon (46 %); Nigeria (42 %), Ghana (42 %); DRC (42 %); Colombia (41 %);
Venezuela (39 %), Indonesia (36 %); PNG (34 %); Peru (31 %); Bolivia (31 %);
Ecuador (30 %); Philippines (24 %). The main problem at al. studied tropical
countries is the lack of infrastructure which determines a large number of infectious
diseases among the population. At the Brazilian Amazon the compliance level
reached 50% (7th place). At Brazilian Amazon, the forest policy and legal instruments
inputs limits to social and economical inclusion within the activity, mainly due to the
use of a single silvicultural practice – selective cutting with natural regeneration,
which should not be confused with SFM. Institutions need capacity building looking
into enforcing a decentralized decision making process. Forest concession with the
model used in Brazil facilitate public agents corruption, drive social and economical
exclusion by concentrating large areas into the hands of a few selected companies,
and initiate a cycle of forest degradation which ends by deforestation. The conclusion
is for the feasibility of the used methodology to evaluate the advance of SFM
implementation, al.owing a measurement of regional policy effectiveness. It is
suggested that these C&I of SFM at country level become part of the Brazilian Forest
Code, with their inclusion at art 15th within the following paragraph: “Only Paragraph:
The behavior of technical plans of conduction and management regulated will be
evaluated according with their contribution for regional sustainable development,
towards regional level C&I comparable with those used at other countries in the
world, to be regulated within the period of one year”.
emissions. The Brazilian government recently launched the Minha Casa, Minha Vida (My
home, My Life) program to support one million low-income families in buying their first
house. All the houses will be built using iron and cement, which significantly increases this
sector’s contribution to a negative balance in national emissions.
This article argues that social housing built of wood is well suited and as safe, or safer, as
houses built of other materials. in fact, using wood helps in the fight against global warming. The use of sustainably harvested wood in
construction results in several benefits to society,
economy and environment
Celsius translates into around 6 billion tCO2 of Carbon Dioxide
Removals CDR per year by 2050. Meeting the recent pathways
laid out by the IPCC will require total cumulative net CDR of 100-
1000 billion tCO
2 by 2100.1 To remove 10 billion tCO2 at US$10/
tCO
2e or $100/tCO2e, means generating between US$100 billion
and US$1 trillion a year market by 2050. In short, the CDR market
needs to grow very meaningfully. In the first semester of 2023, the
market on CDR increased 5.6X compared to the whole 2022 and
reached almost 3.4M tCO
2e which is still less than 0.04 % of 2050
goal.2 Billions of US dollars are being raised globally to approach
the trillionaire CDR market which is predicted to grow steadily up
to 2050 and 2100. Tech Industry leaders, Direct Air Capture DAC
developers, Investors, private sector players, registries, platforms,
federal governments and Non-Governmental Organizations NGOs
are aligning fast towards this new and promising avenue for fighting
climate change. Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Uses AFOLU
sector accounts for a net removal of about 310 million tCO
2e in the
whole European Union EU, equivalent to about 9% of emissions from
the other sectors. The European Green Deal has the strategy towards
a climate-neutral Europe by 2050 which includes Harvested Wood
Products HWP as store of carbon (for example when used as building
materials) to remove CO2, to expand sustainable carbon removals and
encourage the use of innovative solutions to capture, recycle and store
CO
2 by farmers, foresters and industries.3
in advocating GHG emission removal technology and practices. In the agriculture and
forestry context, intensification of land use is the most promising solution—together
with processing efficiency—in balancing consumption, rated as human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP), with Net Primary Production (NPP) from
atmospheric CO2 fertilization. Forest plantations, croplands, cultivated pastures,
lianas, palms and other secondary vegetation have shown yield gains from CO2
fertilization, while native forest (trees) experience short-lived increases in growth
rates and are outcompeted by fast-growing vegetation components. There is evidence
showcasing a path of native tropical forest degradation given atmospheric CO2
fertilization, which is mainly due to favoring secondary vegetation competitiveness
against trees at un-managed standing stocks. Following such BAU scenario, tropical
forests would experience important dwindling in tree cover on a temporal scale. An
alternative IFM scenario is proposed, where contemporary silviculture techniques
can reverse the process and produce HWP and NTFP through alternative and adapted
land use intensification. This will contribute additional atmospheric CO2 removals,
certifiable as CDR goods, which are able to generate carbon credits for financing the
reduction of secondary vegetation and promoting cultivation of improved native tree
species. These CDR credits can be included in tropical countries` NDC and presented
at UNFCCC as an ITMO for fighting global climate change.
Despite reported reductions in the rate of loss in specific biomes in the Americas, the net loss that is currently evident in almost every aspect of the region’s natural ecosystems is expected to continue through to 2050, driven largely by unsustainable agricultural practices and climate change (established but incomplete). This will result in reductions in the adaptive capacity of the societies throughout the region, especially economically vulnerable communities in Latin America and the Caribbean (established but incomplete).
There are threats to the goal of achieving a fair balance between a healthy environment and enhanced quality of life across the region. In addition to the speed of climate and land use change, and the persistence of poverty, the region continues to be challenged by failure to implement designed policies, lack of transparency and/or accountability of key stakeholders, failure to acknowledge indigenous and local knowledge and practices, difficulty in engaging the public or developing truly participatory mechanisms for decision-making (established but incomplete).
To be cited as:
Scarano, F. R., Garcia, K., Diaz-de-Leon, A., Queiroz., H. L., Rodríguez Osuna., V., Silvestri, L. C., Díaz M., C. F., Pérez-Maqueo, O., Rosales B., M., Salabarria F., D. M., Zanetti, E. A., and Farinacci, J. S. Chapter 6: Options for governance and decision-making across scales and sectors. In IPBES (2018): The IPBES regional assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services for the Americas. Rice, J., Seixas, C. S., Zaccagnini, M. E., Bedoya-Gaitán, M., and Valderrama, N. (eds.). Secretariat of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn, Germany, pp. 644-721.
contribution to Sustainable Development. To demonstrate such commitment, forest
sector al. over the world is searching to elaborate Criteria & Indicators – C&I of SFM
monitoring. It is necessary to evaluate forest enterprise behavior compliance with
those C&I as well as the practice contribution to overal. sustainable development at
Brazilian Amazon region. This work approaches the C&I for SFM monitoring at
Brazilian Amazon, as foreseen at the Forest Code, including enterprise behavior and
overal. contribution to regional sustainable development. For this work 3 principles of
SFM were selected together with 2 indicators for each: Environmental –
environmental considerations and cultivated biodiversity; Social - forest policies and
legal instrument; Economical – socioeconomic aspects and international aspects.
These criteria were evaluated considering four indicators: history, objectives, actual
status and problems. The analysis of 20 tropical countries portrayed the following
classification on SFM advance: Brazil (68 %); India (67 %); Malaysia (63 %); Gabon
(60 %); Congo (58 %); Myanmar (55 %), Thailand (51 %), Ivory Coast (49 %);
Cameroon (46 %); Nigeria (42 %), Ghana (42 %); DRC (42 %); Colombia (41 %);
Venezuela (39 %), Indonesia (36 %); PNG (34 %); Peru (31 %); Bolivia (31 %);
Ecuador (30 %); Philippines (24 %). The main problem at al. studied tropical
countries is the lack of infrastructure which determines a large number of infectious
diseases among the population. At the Brazilian Amazon the compliance level
reached 50% (7th place). At Brazilian Amazon, the forest policy and legal instruments
inputs limits to social and economical inclusion within the activity, mainly due to the
use of a single silvicultural practice – selective cutting with natural regeneration,
which should not be confused with SFM. Institutions need capacity building looking
into enforcing a decentralized decision making process. Forest concession with the
model used in Brazil facilitate public agents corruption, drive social and economical
exclusion by concentrating large areas into the hands of a few selected companies,
and initiate a cycle of forest degradation which ends by deforestation. The conclusion
is for the feasibility of the used methodology to evaluate the advance of SFM
implementation, al.owing a measurement of regional policy effectiveness. It is
suggested that these C&I of SFM at country level become part of the Brazilian Forest
Code, with their inclusion at art 15th within the following paragraph: “Only Paragraph:
The behavior of technical plans of conduction and management regulated will be
evaluated according with their contribution for regional sustainable development,
towards regional level C&I comparable with those used at other countries in the
world, to be regulated within the period of one year”.