Digital investigations of the real world through point clouds and derivatives are changing how cu... more Digital investigations of the real world through point clouds and derivatives are changing how curators, cultural heritage researchers and archaeologists work and collaborate. To progressively aggregate expertise and enhance the working proficiency of all professionals, virtual reconstructions demand adapted tools to facilitate knowledge dissemination. However, to achieve this perceptive level, a point cloud must be semantically rich, retaining relevant information for the end user. In this paper, we review the state of the art of point cloud integration within archaeological applications, giving an overview of 3D technologies for heritage, digital exploitation and case studies showing the assimilation status within 3D GIS. Identified issues and new perspectives are addressed through a knowledge-based point cloud processing framework for multi-sensory data, and illustrated on mosaics and quasi-planar objects. A new acquisition, pre-processing, segmentation and ontology-based classification method on hybrid point clouds from both terrestrial laser scanning and dense image matching is proposed to enable reasoning for information extraction. Experiments in detection and semantic enrichment show promising results of 94% correct semantization. Then, we integrate the metadata in an archaeological smart point cloud data structure allowing spatio-semantic queries related to CIDOC-CRM. Finally, a WebGL prototype is presented that leads to efficient communication between actors by proposing optimal 3D data visualizations as a basis on which interaction can grow.
During the past decade, the implementation of 3D visualization and Geographic Information System ... more During the past decade, the implementation of 3D visualization and Geographic Information System (GIS) in archaeological research has increased and is now well established. However, the combination of these two factors remains rather complicated when faced with archaeological data. Some of the characteristics of this discipline impose the development of applications that will be able to cope with all of the specificities of archaeological data. Our research aims to create an Archaeological Information System (AIS) that will gather all of the characteristics of an archaeological work. In order to develop such an AIS, our first step was to identify its purposes and consequently, the features that should be available to the users. As it is destined to help with archaeological research, it is therefore of the outmost importance that the particularities of such a study are also taken into account. Moreover, the AIS is intended to incorporate point clouds that serve as a base for the three-dimensional model. These 3D point clouds result from the use of photogrammetry and/or lasergrammetry and, at a later stage, will be inserted into a GIS similar structure. The archaeological data will then be linked to the relevant section of the 3D model. However, these various stages and during the development of the AIS itself, we will encounter a series of issues that require to be addressed in order to produce a working system. This paper aims to identify and define the AIS characteristics as well as the issues and obstacles that we are going to face so that this system becomes a functional tool for archaeological research.
Dealing with coloured point cloud acquired from terrestrial laser scanner, this paper identifies ... more Dealing with coloured point cloud acquired from terrestrial laser scanner, this paper identifies remaining challenges for a new data structure: the smart point cloud. This concept arises with the statement that massive and discretized spatial information from active remote sensing technology is often underused due to data mining limitations. The generalisation of point cloud data associated with the heterogeneity and temporality of such datasets is the main issue regarding structure, segmentation, classification, and interaction for an immediate understanding. We propose to use both point cloud properties and human knowledge through machine learning to rapidly extract pertinent information, using user-centered information (smart data) rather than raw data. A review of feature detection, machine learning frameworks and database systems indexed both for mining queries and data visualisation is studied. Based on existing approaches, we propose a new 3-block flexible framework around device expertise, analytic expertise and domain base reflexion. This contribution serves as the first step for the realisation of a comprehensive smart point cloud data structure.
From the previous definitions of SDI it can be derived that one of the main objectives of SDIs is... more From the previous definitions of SDI it can be derived that one of the main objectives of SDIs is to make the work with geospatial data more efficient Nebert 2001), avoiding problems that occur with conventional GIS technology and geographic data sets. remarks that there are two major problems with traditional GIS stand-alone applications: first, data sets exist in a plethora of different data formats (datasets in different formats often have to be converted in order to be used in a different system); and second, these data are often not (sufficiently) documented (it is difficult or even impossible for outside users to discover data sets and to assess whether a given data set is useful for their tasks). In other words, what these authors are meaning is the inability of
Abstract. Although intensive work has been devoted to Spatio-temporal (ST) qualitative reasoning ... more Abstract. Although intensive work has been devoted to Spatio-temporal (ST) qualitative reasoning models, some issues such as management of complex objects life and motion remain. First, ST histories' clustering using a set of life and motion configurations is briefly presented. Then, we discuss a model based on the generalization of the life and motion configurations into a set of 25 relationships. These generalized configurations are assimilated to line-line topological relationships obtained by projecting life and motion ...
Abstract:[en] Le jeudi 29 mai 2008 a eu lieu en région liégeoise un événement pluvieux extrême qu... more Abstract:[en] Le jeudi 29 mai 2008 a eu lieu en région liégeoise un événement pluvieux extrême qui a eu des conséquences (humaines et financières) douloureuses. Pour rappel, une pluie de courte durée, mais très intense (lame d'eau d'environ 90 litres par mètre carré en moins de 2 heures) sur le domaine du Sart Tilman a provoqué des inondations très soudaines (communément appelées «flash-floods») aux abords des ruisseaux descendant du Sart Tilman vers la Meuse et l'Ourthe.
ABSTRACT. The projective space has been poorly explored for the characterisation of spatial objet... more ABSTRACT. The projective space has been poorly explored for the characterisation of spatial objets and their relationships. This work presents the results of a « projective » approach about spatial objects shapes and about binary and ternary relationships between objects. The presented models are of prime interest for the development of spatial ontology. They provide a formal mathematical framework allowing a qualitative description of the object's shapes as well as relationships such as "the object A touches a corner of the object B" or "the object A is on the left side of the objects B and C". MOTS-CLÉS : Relations spatiales, relations projectives, modèles qualitatifs, modèle dimensionnel, ontologie spatiale.
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 2000
Current spatial database systems offer limited querying capabilities beyond binary topological re... more Current spatial database systems offer limited querying capabilities beyond binary topological relations. This paper introduces a model for projective relations between regions to support other qualitative spatial queries. The relations are ternary because they are based on the collinearity invariant of three points under projective geometry. The model is built on a partition of the plane into separate zones that are obtained from projective properties of two reference objects: Then, by considering the empty/ nonempty intersections of a primary object with these zones, the model is able to distinguish between 34 different projective relations. Then, the paper proposes original algorithms for computing the relations under the assumption that regions of the plane are stored as vector polygons in a spatial database. These algorithms run in optimal Oðn log nÞ time.
Abstract. This article discusses the application of a classic formalism (ER) and a geo-formalism ... more Abstract. This article discusses the application of a classic formalism (ER) and a geo-formalism (CONGOO) in the design stage of a spatial database reengineering. Through a real scale project, the advantages and disadvantages of both formalisms are presented as ...
Digital investigations of the real world through point clouds and derivatives are changing how cu... more Digital investigations of the real world through point clouds and derivatives are changing how curators, cultural heritage researchers and archaeologists work and collaborate. To progressively aggregate expertise and enhance the working proficiency of all professionals, virtual reconstructions demand adapted tools to facilitate knowledge dissemination. However, to achieve this perceptive level, a point cloud must be semantically rich, retaining relevant information for the end user. In this paper, we review the state of the art of point cloud integration within archaeological applications, giving an overview of 3D technologies for heritage, digital exploitation and case studies showing the assimilation status within 3D GIS. Identified issues and new perspectives are addressed through a knowledge-based point cloud processing framework for multi-sensory data, and illustrated on mosaics and quasi-planar objects. A new acquisition, pre-processing, segmentation and ontology-based classification method on hybrid point clouds from both terrestrial laser scanning and dense image matching is proposed to enable reasoning for information extraction. Experiments in detection and semantic enrichment show promising results of 94% correct semantization. Then, we integrate the metadata in an archaeological smart point cloud data structure allowing spatio-semantic queries related to CIDOC-CRM. Finally, a WebGL prototype is presented that leads to efficient communication between actors by proposing optimal 3D data visualizations as a basis on which interaction can grow.
During the past decade, the implementation of 3D visualization and Geographic Information System ... more During the past decade, the implementation of 3D visualization and Geographic Information System (GIS) in archaeological research has increased and is now well established. However, the combination of these two factors remains rather complicated when faced with archaeological data. Some of the characteristics of this discipline impose the development of applications that will be able to cope with all of the specificities of archaeological data. Our research aims to create an Archaeological Information System (AIS) that will gather all of the characteristics of an archaeological work. In order to develop such an AIS, our first step was to identify its purposes and consequently, the features that should be available to the users. As it is destined to help with archaeological research, it is therefore of the outmost importance that the particularities of such a study are also taken into account. Moreover, the AIS is intended to incorporate point clouds that serve as a base for the three-dimensional model. These 3D point clouds result from the use of photogrammetry and/or lasergrammetry and, at a later stage, will be inserted into a GIS similar structure. The archaeological data will then be linked to the relevant section of the 3D model. However, these various stages and during the development of the AIS itself, we will encounter a series of issues that require to be addressed in order to produce a working system. This paper aims to identify and define the AIS characteristics as well as the issues and obstacles that we are going to face so that this system becomes a functional tool for archaeological research.
Dealing with coloured point cloud acquired from terrestrial laser scanner, this paper identifies ... more Dealing with coloured point cloud acquired from terrestrial laser scanner, this paper identifies remaining challenges for a new data structure: the smart point cloud. This concept arises with the statement that massive and discretized spatial information from active remote sensing technology is often underused due to data mining limitations. The generalisation of point cloud data associated with the heterogeneity and temporality of such datasets is the main issue regarding structure, segmentation, classification, and interaction for an immediate understanding. We propose to use both point cloud properties and human knowledge through machine learning to rapidly extract pertinent information, using user-centered information (smart data) rather than raw data. A review of feature detection, machine learning frameworks and database systems indexed both for mining queries and data visualisation is studied. Based on existing approaches, we propose a new 3-block flexible framework around device expertise, analytic expertise and domain base reflexion. This contribution serves as the first step for the realisation of a comprehensive smart point cloud data structure.
From the previous definitions of SDI it can be derived that one of the main objectives of SDIs is... more From the previous definitions of SDI it can be derived that one of the main objectives of SDIs is to make the work with geospatial data more efficient Nebert 2001), avoiding problems that occur with conventional GIS technology and geographic data sets. remarks that there are two major problems with traditional GIS stand-alone applications: first, data sets exist in a plethora of different data formats (datasets in different formats often have to be converted in order to be used in a different system); and second, these data are often not (sufficiently) documented (it is difficult or even impossible for outside users to discover data sets and to assess whether a given data set is useful for their tasks). In other words, what these authors are meaning is the inability of
Abstract. Although intensive work has been devoted to Spatio-temporal (ST) qualitative reasoning ... more Abstract. Although intensive work has been devoted to Spatio-temporal (ST) qualitative reasoning models, some issues such as management of complex objects life and motion remain. First, ST histories' clustering using a set of life and motion configurations is briefly presented. Then, we discuss a model based on the generalization of the life and motion configurations into a set of 25 relationships. These generalized configurations are assimilated to line-line topological relationships obtained by projecting life and motion ...
Abstract:[en] Le jeudi 29 mai 2008 a eu lieu en région liégeoise un événement pluvieux extrême qu... more Abstract:[en] Le jeudi 29 mai 2008 a eu lieu en région liégeoise un événement pluvieux extrême qui a eu des conséquences (humaines et financières) douloureuses. Pour rappel, une pluie de courte durée, mais très intense (lame d'eau d'environ 90 litres par mètre carré en moins de 2 heures) sur le domaine du Sart Tilman a provoqué des inondations très soudaines (communément appelées «flash-floods») aux abords des ruisseaux descendant du Sart Tilman vers la Meuse et l'Ourthe.
ABSTRACT. The projective space has been poorly explored for the characterisation of spatial objet... more ABSTRACT. The projective space has been poorly explored for the characterisation of spatial objets and their relationships. This work presents the results of a « projective » approach about spatial objects shapes and about binary and ternary relationships between objects. The presented models are of prime interest for the development of spatial ontology. They provide a formal mathematical framework allowing a qualitative description of the object's shapes as well as relationships such as "the object A touches a corner of the object B" or "the object A is on the left side of the objects B and C". MOTS-CLÉS : Relations spatiales, relations projectives, modèles qualitatifs, modèle dimensionnel, ontologie spatiale.
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 2000
Current spatial database systems offer limited querying capabilities beyond binary topological re... more Current spatial database systems offer limited querying capabilities beyond binary topological relations. This paper introduces a model for projective relations between regions to support other qualitative spatial queries. The relations are ternary because they are based on the collinearity invariant of three points under projective geometry. The model is built on a partition of the plane into separate zones that are obtained from projective properties of two reference objects: Then, by considering the empty/ nonempty intersections of a primary object with these zones, the model is able to distinguish between 34 different projective relations. Then, the paper proposes original algorithms for computing the relations under the assumption that regions of the plane are stored as vector polygons in a spatial database. These algorithms run in optimal Oðn log nÞ time.
Abstract. This article discusses the application of a classic formalism (ER) and a geo-formalism ... more Abstract. This article discusses the application of a classic formalism (ER) and a geo-formalism (CONGOO) in the design stage of a spatial database reengineering. Through a real scale project, the advantages and disadvantages of both formalisms are presented as ...
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