The 20th century is remarkably characterized by an increase in machine power due to more breakthr... more The 20th century is remarkably characterized by an increase in machine power due to more breakthroughs in science and technology. One of the incidences of this is the emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. Recent, records indicate that AI systems, in addition to being an aid in the inventive processes, are now capable of making independent inventions using data and instruction inputted by their programmers. Meanwhile, Intellectual property law (IP) ensures that one's intellectual outputs (labour) is not exploited or annexed by another without one's consent and approval. However, given that AI is not a person and is in fact a brainchild of man, a growing debate in the field of IP and AI is whether AI can, under IP law, obtain or be granted authorship/ownership rights over its works and inventions. It is against this backdrop, that this paper while highlighting the importance and prospects of AI, evaluates what this challenge means for AI under extant IP laws. The paper concludes by making certain recommendations that would allow for the accommodation of AI within the law.
Issues, arising in the field of intellectual property rights in connection with the development o... more Issues, arising in the field of intellectual property rights in connection with the development of artificial intelligence systems and their impact on the development of legal relations in the economy and culture of modern society, have been considered. Aspects of mutual policies in the field of intellectual property rights and the development of artificial intelligence systems for the development of innovation and creativity have been examined. Questions of copyright and ownership in the interaction of man, collective and artificial intelligence or artificial intelligence systems have been raised and proposed. Issues related to artificial intelligence as an object of intellectual property have been considered. The position of the author on the legal personality of artificial intelligence to intellectual property objects created by autonomous artificial intelligence systems has been presented, which is expressed in the answers to the questions of the project of the World Intellectua...
The 21 st century has seen the emergence of technological innovations that render the erstwhile I... more The 21 st century has seen the emergence of technological innovations that render the erstwhile Intellectual Property (IP) systems seemingly inept in protecting and regulating intellectual property rights. 1 Artificial Intelligence (AI) has established itself as a frontier of innovation with over a $250 million market opportunity. 2 With the advent of the AI, the lines of creative ownership rights attributed to the creators of intellectual works are blurred, due to the essential nature of the technology itself. 3 The question of who then is attributed authorship of the work produced by AI arises. 4
Conflict is an integral part of society and in all facets of human interactions and relations, pr... more Conflict is an integral part of society and in all facets of human interactions and relations, prompting the development of means and avenues for the resolution of those conflicts, either through exaggerated violence, or other peaceful means. 1 These avenues of dispute resolution have evolved over the centuries, from settlement by the elderly, to royal or religious institutions, to the institutions set up and recognised by the State. 2 Most developed and developing societies have adopted the State's means of dispute resolution, which is the recognition of the Court system to resolve issues ranging from personal grievances to complex contractual matters. 3
In contemporary business systems, prudent business parties are keen on adapting better forms of c... more In contemporary business systems, prudent business parties are keen on adapting better forms of conducting international transactions to ensure the smooth transition of goods. This has necessitated the argument for the usage of smart contracts in conducting transactions, pursuant to the emergence of “Distributed Ledger Technology” (DLT) alongside Blockchain that enables a distributed database for financial transactions. These systems are immediate, also possess across-the-board transparency, and transactions concluded within them cannot easily be tampered with. These technologies have necessitated the emergence of smart contracts, which are said to be computer programmes that self-execute when certain conditions are met. This work is to appreciate the legal practicality of Smart contracts in international commercial contacts, in comparison to traditional contracts.
One cannot simply dispute the advent of technology has unilaterally disrupted the customary busin... more One cannot simply dispute the advent of technology has unilaterally disrupted the customary business principles over the few preceding decades. Technological innovations have served, and are serving as a means of fashioning new markets whilst making old financial institutions almost outmoded at a rapid rate. Technology also functions as a form of auxiliary to the traditional fiscal industries and transmutes these institutions to an up-to-date financial model in today’s tech age. Technology is more than capable of doing that, through an algorithm based mobile device applications or websites.
It is widely agreed that for a continent to fully achieve its potential in human and societal dev... more It is widely agreed that for a continent to fully achieve its potential in human and societal development, reduce inequalities and improve standard of living, trade is an important sector that must be developed, improved and maintained. Africa has numerous potentials in terms of population and natural resources, but according to the World Bank, 39 of the 50 countries with the lowest GDP per capita are located in Africa. Intra-African trade is essential in addressing impoverishment in the continent. Unfortunately, trade between African countries is still very low when compared to the levels in other continents such as Europe and Asia. This can be attributed to barriers including protectionist trade policies, infrastructure deficits, lack of efficient cross-boundary payment systems, and political instability.
The 21st century has seen the emergence of technological innovations that render the erstwhile In... more The 21st century has seen the emergence of technological innovations that render the erstwhile Intellectual Property (IP) systems seemingly inept in protecting and regulating intellectual property rights. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has established itself as a frontier of innovation with over a $250 million market opportunity. With the advent of the AI, the lines of creative ownership rights attributed to the creators of intellectual works are blurred, due to the essential nature of the technology itself. The question of who then is attributed authorship of the work produced by AI arise
Conflict is an integral part of society and in all facets of human interactions and relations, pr... more Conflict is an integral part of society and in all facets of human interactions and relations, prompting the development of means and avenues for the resolution of those conflicts, either through exaggerated violence, or other peaceful means.These avenues of dispute resolution have evolved over the centuries, from settlement by the elderly, to royal or religious institutions, to the institutions set up and recognised by the State. In recent decades, the nature of commercial transactions have evolved, due to the rise of globalisation and digitalised platforms, prompting the emergence of a new medium of dispute resolution referred to as Online Dispute Resolution (ODR), revolutionising dispute settlement through its prompt and cost effective process.
The 20th century is remarkably characterized by an increase in machine power due to more breakthr... more The 20th century is remarkably characterized by an increase in machine power due to more breakthroughs in science and technology. One of the incidences of this is the emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. Recent, records indicate that AI systems, in addition to being an aid in the inventive processes, are now capable of making independent inventions using data and instruction inputted by their programmers. Meanwhile, Intellectual property law (IP) ensures that one's intellectual outputs (labour) is not exploited or annexed by another without one's consent and approval. However, given that AI is not a person and is in fact a brainchild of man, a growing debate in the field of IP and AI is whether AI can, under IP law, obtain or be granted authorship/ownership rights over its works and inventions. It is against this backdrop, that this paper while highlighting the importance and prospects of AI, evaluates what this challenge means for AI under extant IP laws. The paper concludes by making certain recommendations that would allow for the accommodation of AI within the law.
Issues, arising in the field of intellectual property rights in connection with the development o... more Issues, arising in the field of intellectual property rights in connection with the development of artificial intelligence systems and their impact on the development of legal relations in the economy and culture of modern society, have been considered. Aspects of mutual policies in the field of intellectual property rights and the development of artificial intelligence systems for the development of innovation and creativity have been examined. Questions of copyright and ownership in the interaction of man, collective and artificial intelligence or artificial intelligence systems have been raised and proposed. Issues related to artificial intelligence as an object of intellectual property have been considered. The position of the author on the legal personality of artificial intelligence to intellectual property objects created by autonomous artificial intelligence systems has been presented, which is expressed in the answers to the questions of the project of the World Intellectua...
The 21 st century has seen the emergence of technological innovations that render the erstwhile I... more The 21 st century has seen the emergence of technological innovations that render the erstwhile Intellectual Property (IP) systems seemingly inept in protecting and regulating intellectual property rights. 1 Artificial Intelligence (AI) has established itself as a frontier of innovation with over a $250 million market opportunity. 2 With the advent of the AI, the lines of creative ownership rights attributed to the creators of intellectual works are blurred, due to the essential nature of the technology itself. 3 The question of who then is attributed authorship of the work produced by AI arises. 4
Conflict is an integral part of society and in all facets of human interactions and relations, pr... more Conflict is an integral part of society and in all facets of human interactions and relations, prompting the development of means and avenues for the resolution of those conflicts, either through exaggerated violence, or other peaceful means. 1 These avenues of dispute resolution have evolved over the centuries, from settlement by the elderly, to royal or religious institutions, to the institutions set up and recognised by the State. 2 Most developed and developing societies have adopted the State's means of dispute resolution, which is the recognition of the Court system to resolve issues ranging from personal grievances to complex contractual matters. 3
In contemporary business systems, prudent business parties are keen on adapting better forms of c... more In contemporary business systems, prudent business parties are keen on adapting better forms of conducting international transactions to ensure the smooth transition of goods. This has necessitated the argument for the usage of smart contracts in conducting transactions, pursuant to the emergence of “Distributed Ledger Technology” (DLT) alongside Blockchain that enables a distributed database for financial transactions. These systems are immediate, also possess across-the-board transparency, and transactions concluded within them cannot easily be tampered with. These technologies have necessitated the emergence of smart contracts, which are said to be computer programmes that self-execute when certain conditions are met. This work is to appreciate the legal practicality of Smart contracts in international commercial contacts, in comparison to traditional contracts.
One cannot simply dispute the advent of technology has unilaterally disrupted the customary busin... more One cannot simply dispute the advent of technology has unilaterally disrupted the customary business principles over the few preceding decades. Technological innovations have served, and are serving as a means of fashioning new markets whilst making old financial institutions almost outmoded at a rapid rate. Technology also functions as a form of auxiliary to the traditional fiscal industries and transmutes these institutions to an up-to-date financial model in today’s tech age. Technology is more than capable of doing that, through an algorithm based mobile device applications or websites.
It is widely agreed that for a continent to fully achieve its potential in human and societal dev... more It is widely agreed that for a continent to fully achieve its potential in human and societal development, reduce inequalities and improve standard of living, trade is an important sector that must be developed, improved and maintained. Africa has numerous potentials in terms of population and natural resources, but according to the World Bank, 39 of the 50 countries with the lowest GDP per capita are located in Africa. Intra-African trade is essential in addressing impoverishment in the continent. Unfortunately, trade between African countries is still very low when compared to the levels in other continents such as Europe and Asia. This can be attributed to barriers including protectionist trade policies, infrastructure deficits, lack of efficient cross-boundary payment systems, and political instability.
The 21st century has seen the emergence of technological innovations that render the erstwhile In... more The 21st century has seen the emergence of technological innovations that render the erstwhile Intellectual Property (IP) systems seemingly inept in protecting and regulating intellectual property rights. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has established itself as a frontier of innovation with over a $250 million market opportunity. With the advent of the AI, the lines of creative ownership rights attributed to the creators of intellectual works are blurred, due to the essential nature of the technology itself. The question of who then is attributed authorship of the work produced by AI arise
Conflict is an integral part of society and in all facets of human interactions and relations, pr... more Conflict is an integral part of society and in all facets of human interactions and relations, prompting the development of means and avenues for the resolution of those conflicts, either through exaggerated violence, or other peaceful means.These avenues of dispute resolution have evolved over the centuries, from settlement by the elderly, to royal or religious institutions, to the institutions set up and recognised by the State. In recent decades, the nature of commercial transactions have evolved, due to the rise of globalisation and digitalised platforms, prompting the emergence of a new medium of dispute resolution referred to as Online Dispute Resolution (ODR), revolutionising dispute settlement through its prompt and cost effective process.
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Property (IP) systems seemingly inept in protecting and regulating intellectual property rights. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has established itself as a frontier of innovation with over a $250 million market opportunity. With the advent of the AI, the lines of creative ownership rights attributed to the creators of intellectual works are blurred, due to the essential nature of the technology itself. The question of who then
is attributed authorship of the work produced by AI arise
Property (IP) systems seemingly inept in protecting and regulating intellectual property rights. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has established itself as a frontier of innovation with over a $250 million market opportunity. With the advent of the AI, the lines of creative ownership rights attributed to the creators of intellectual works are blurred, due to the essential nature of the technology itself. The question of who then
is attributed authorship of the work produced by AI arise