—This paper reviews the trends in wind turbine generator systems. After discussing some important... more —This paper reviews the trends in wind turbine generator systems. After discussing some important requirements and basic relations, it describes the currently used systems: the constant speed system with squirrel cage induction generator, and the three variable speed systems with doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), with gearbox and fully rated converter, and direct-drive. Then possible future generator systems are reviewed. Hydraulic transmissions are significantly lighter than gearboxes and enable continuously variable transmission, but their efficiency is lower. A brushless DFIG is a medium speed generator without brushes and with improved low-voltage ride-through characteristics compared to the DFIG. Magnetic pseudo direct drives are smaller and lighter than direct drive generators, but need a sufficiently low and stable magnet price to be successful. Also superconducting generators can be smaller and lighter than normal direct drive generators, but both cost and reliability need experimental demonstration. In power electronics, there is a trend towards reliable modular multilevel topologies.
—This paper reviews the trends in wind turbine generator systems. After discussing some important... more —This paper reviews the trends in wind turbine generator systems. After discussing some important requirements and basic relations, it describes the currently used systems: the constant speed system with squirrel cage induction generator, and the three variable speed systems with doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), with gearbox and fully rated converter, and direct-drive. Then possible future generator systems are reviewed. Hydraulic transmissions are significantly lighter than gearboxes and enable continuously variable transmission, but their efficiency is lower. A brushless DFIG is a medium speed generator without brushes and with improved low-voltage ride-through characteristics compared to the DFIG. Magnetic pseudo direct drives are smaller and lighter than direct drive generators, but need a sufficiently low and stable magnet price to be successful. Also superconducting generators can be smaller and lighter than normal direct drive generators, but both cost and reliability need experimental demonstration. In power electronics, there is a trend towards reliable modular multilevel topologies.
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