The 1NZ-FE engine is a newly developed in-line 4-cylinder, 1.5-liter, 16-valve DOHC engine. This engine has adopted the VVT-i (Variable Valve Timing-intelligent) system and has been developed to realize high performance, quietness, fuel economy and clean emissions.

There exists a variety of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques, each having its own merits and demerits. Under partialshading conditions, the conventional tracking techniques fail to guarantee successful tracking of the global maximum power, ie the conventional MPPT methods such as perturb and observe and incremental conductance may converge on local maximum power point resulting in significant reduction of power generated. This paper discusses about an improved technique for tracking global maximum power point of photovoltaic arrays that has better performance under partial shading conditions. The first stage in this method is to find out global maximum power point among the local maxima. Once the global maximum power point is found then by adjusting the duty ratio, the voltage corresponding to maximum power can be found out. The control is then transferred to perturb and observe algorithm stage. This technique could be applied for both stand alone and grid connected PV system. A comparison study between a SEPIC converter and a buck boost converter with the above mentioned algorithm has also been carried out in order to verify the performance of both the converters. The above mentioned converters have been designed for 150W at a switching frequency of 10 KHz. Modified algorithm has been simulated using MATLAB/Simulink and results are obtained. Partial shading condition was modelled in MATLAB/Simscape and analysed the solar array characteristics under various shading conditions. From the simulation results it was found that the SEPIC converter is much more efficient and is highly suitable for photo voltaic applications.

An efficient and new but non-intrusive method to detect the fluctuation in gear load may be the motor current signature analysis (MCSA). In this paper, a multi-stage transmission gearbox (with and without defects) has been studied in order to replace the conventional vibration monitoring by MCSA. It has been observed through FFT analysis that low frequencies of the vibration signatures have sidebands across line frequency of the motor current whereas high frequencies of vibration signature are difficult to be detected. Hence, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is suggested to decompose the current signal, and FFT analysis is carried out with the decomposed current signal to trace the sidebands of the high frequencies of vibration

A project report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of Master of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia JULY 2013 v ABSTRACT The purpose of this project is to control the position of DC Motor by using Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) with MATLAB application. The scopes includes the simulation and modelling of DC motor, fuzzy controller and conventional PID controller as benchmark to the performance of fuzzy system. The position control is an adaptation of Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) system. Fuzzy Logic control can play important role because knowledge based design rules can be easily implemented in the system with unknown structure and it is going to be popular since the control design strategy is simple and practical. This make FLC an alternative method to the conventional PID control method used in nonlinear industrial system. The results obtained from FLC are compared with PID control for the dynamic response of the closed loop system. Parameters such as peak position in degree, settling time in second and maximum overshoot in percent will be part of the simulation result.

VOLTAGE Voltage (V) is a measure of the amount of pressure, or electromotive force, applied to electrons to make them move. A Volt is the unit of electromotive force that will force a current of one ampere through a resistance of one ohm. After we learn about current and resistance, this definition will make more sense. Voltage is measured in units of Volts (V). CURRENT Current (I) is the measure of electron flow in a conductor between two points having a difference in potential (voltage). Current is measured in units of Amperes or Amps (A). RESISTANCE For conducting wires, the resistance of the wire is actually a constant that is dependent on the conductor material (the wire may be made out of copper, aluminum, silver – all have different resistance properties) and the size of the wire (diameter). Resistance (R) is measured in units of Ohms (Ω). OHM'S LAW Ohm's Law states: V = I * R [Units: Volts = Amps * Ohms or V = I * Ω ] or Voltage = Current x Resistance From basic Algebra, if we can solve for V by multiplying I and R, we should be able to work backwards to find R if we know V and I simply by dividing V by I. R = V / I or Resistance = Voltage / Current

Grid connection of renewable energy sources (RESs), such as wind and solar, is becoming today an important form of distributed generation (DG). The penetration of these DG units into electrical microgrids (MGs) is growing rapidly, enabling reaching high percentage of the installed generating capacity. However, the fluctuating and intermittent nature of this renewable generation causes variations of power flow that can significantly affect the stability and operation of the electrical grid. To overcome these problems, short-term distributed energy storage (DES) systems based on advanced technologies, such as superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), supercapacitor (or ultracapacitor) energy storage (SCES or UCES) and flywheel energy storage (FES), arise as a potential alternative in order to balance any instantaneous mismatch between supply and demand in the microgrid. This paper is intended to offer a major insight into the emerging energy storage technologies for smart microgrid applications. The work provides a unique comprehensive analysis of both the modeling and the control design of leading emerging DES devices.

This paper describes a voting system that is completely automated, unbiased and online for making the voting process easy, more secure and reducing the processing time. The project is divided mainly into three sections, first one is organization registration phase, where the organization that wants to conduct the voting for their organization will be registered by the admin, the second one is voter registration phase of voter done by the organizations and the third one is the actual voting phase where live voting will be conducted. In the organization registration phase, the details of the organization will be registered in a database and a unique ID will be generated for each registered organization. For each organization registered, an environment will be provided to them where they can add the voters, voting details and update the details. In the voting console, each voter will be allowed to access the voting page only after proper authorization. A user will be allowed to vote for a single time only. The choice of voter will be recorded and the count will be incremented respectively.

En el presente trabajo se realizó una interfaz gráfica con LabVIEW. Para la medición del flujo volumétrico, másico y el nivel empleando componentes que en su mayoría son fáciles de adquirir y de bajo costo; siendo éstas, la velocidad del fluido que recorre por una tubería y la altura que se va acumulando con respecto al tiempo. Para tener una mayor precisión entre la medición real y en la interfaz se realizó pruebas de jarra con el fin de calibrar nuestros sensores.
En la medición de flujo másico y volumétrico se obtuvieron mediante la medición de la velocidad de fluido mediante el efecto hall, la inducción magnética y realizando ciertas operaciones matemáticas, para determinar el nivel de agua que se va acumulando se diseñó y construyó un sensor casero apoyándose a la diferencia de potencial que éste genera al variar un potenciómetro. A través de la tarjeta de adquisición de datos NI USB -6009, las variables de proceso medidas fueron adquiridas por la interfaz gráfica que se desarrolló en LabVIEW. La información adquirida es procesada y enviará una respuesta para poder controlar la entrada de flujo y nivel.
La realización de este trabajo pretende automatizar la dosificación de cloro para la potabilización del agua para el consumo humano, siendo así, un gran apoyo y facilidad para su manejo en procesos como éstos; obedece los parámetros de un sistema de control lazo cerrado.

A globally convergent adaptive control scheme for robot motion control with the following features is proposed. First, the adaptation law possesses enhanced robustness with respect to noisy velocity measurements. Second, the controller does not require the inclusion of high gain loops that may excite the unmodeled dynamics and amplify the noise level. Third, we derive for the unknown parameter design a relationship between compensator gains and closed-loop convergence rates that is independent of the robot task. A simulation example of a two-DOF manipulator features some aspects of the control scheme.

Abstract This paper proposes an MPC based compound flight control technique for trajectory tracking and attitude control for a ducted fan aircraft subject to different uncertainties and external disturbances. This approach aims to ensure flight robustness and achieves adequate tracking without sacrificing nominal performance while satisfying constraints under external disturbances and various uncertainties. A nonlinear ducted fan aircraft with non-minimum phase behavior is considered. By unifying a nonlinear disturbance observer with MPC, a compound flight controller is constructed. The recursive feasibility of the optimization problem for the compound controller is guaranteed, and the closed-loop stability is ensured. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed scheme, a robust MPC framework is employed for comparative analysis. Finally, numerical simulations and discussions are provided to corroborate the performance of both compound strategies.

Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) has found very wide application in renewable energy sources, DC power transmission, high voltage applications and micro grid. However the technical challenge of MMC is to maintain constant current, constant power and constant voltage at the output depending on the requirement. In this paper a control loop is developed for maintaining constant power at the MMC. The power controller is realized by using PI controller. The PWM technique used for generation of gating pulses is Phase Disposition PWM (PD-PWM) technique, The simulation of current and the active power controller is carried out by MATLAB/SIMULINK and the results are presented.

This paper presents a small scale autonomous ground vehicle which is configured using sensors. The autonomous small scaled vehicle has been engineered to have dynamic behaviours equivalent with real ground vehicle. The main objective of the using sensors configuration is to obtain the dynamic behaviour of scaled vehicle. Sensors configuration are equipped with electronic instruments, Arduino Duemilanove, wireless communication system, data acquisition system, and numerous sensors. This study is conducted by simulation and experiment.

Citation/Export MLA Ronak Mistry, Kishan Malaviya, Harsh Kotak, Harshil Bhatt, Urvi Patel, “A Novel Approach to Autonomous Farming Robot”, April 15 Volume 3 Issue 4 , International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication (IJRITCC), ISSN: 2321-8169, PP: 2362 - 2366, DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.1604127 APA Ronak Mistry, Kishan Malaviya, Harsh Kotak, Harshil Bhatt, Urvi Patel, April 15 Volume 3 Issue 4, “A Novel Approach to Autonomous Farming Robot”, International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication (IJRITCC), ISSN: 2321-8169, PP: 2362 - 2366, DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.1604127

Part 1 covered the response of a single degree of freedom system to harmonic excitation without considering the effects of damping. However, almost every real world system that is analyzed from a vibrations point of view has some source of energy dissipation or damping.

In this paper we propose a dynamic model representing the temporal evolution of the levels of power generation (installed capacity) from two competing sources. These are renewable and conventional (fossil) sources. The percentage penetration rates of renewable and nonrenewable sources are considered as control or decision variables. We introduce an objective functional based on energy demand, production of pollution associated with usage of fossil fuels, and the cost of their systematic substitution by renewable sources. Pontryagin minimum principle is used to determine optimal control policy through minimizing energy generation from fossil fuels while meeting the energy demand as closely as possible through gradual replacement of nonrenewable sources by renewable ones. For different choices of plan periods, optimal generation path along with the corresponding control policies are presented. These results demonstrate that modern control theory can be used effectively to formulate optimal socio-economic policies.

Principal LNG consultant at GL Noble Denton David Haynes talks exclusively to Oil & Gas Technology about the main drivers behind the global move towards FLNG, the technical and environmental obstacles when moving LNG from onshore to offshore and the future of this promising industry David Haynes is a chemical engineer and has been working in that area for the past 27 years, 17 of which in the LNG sector. He has been involved in 20 -3 0 L N G p r o j e c t s, b o t h li q u e f a ct i o n a nd i m p o r t a t i o n o n s h o r e a n d , m o r e r e c e n t l y , liquefaction and importation offshore.

Research of autonomous mobile robots has mostly emphasized interaction and coordination that are natually inspired from biological behavior of birds, insects, and fish: flocking, foraging, collecting, and sharing. However, most research has been only focused on autonomous behaviors in order to perform robots like animals, whereas it is lacked of determinant to those behaviours: energy. Approaching to clusted amimal and the higher, collective and sharing food among individuals are major activity to keep society being. This paper issues an approach to sociable robots using self-maintained energy in cooperative mobile robots, which is dominantly inspired from swarm behavior of collecting and sharing food of honey-bee and ant. Autonomous mobile robots are usually equipped with a finite energy, thus they can operate in a finite time. To overcome the finitude, we describe practical deployment of mobile robots that are capable of carrying and exchanging fuel to other robots. Mechanism implementation including modular hardware and control architecture to demonstrate the capabicities of the approach is presented. Subsequently, the battery exchange algorithm basically based on probabilistic modeling of total energy on each robot located in its local vicinity is described. The paper is concluded with challenging works of chain of mobile robots, rescue, repair, and relation of heterogeneous robots.

An automatic guided vehicle (AGV) powered by a battery or an electric motor, is an unmanned, computer controlled mobile transport unit. The development of automatic guided vehicles is one of the areas of research in flexible manufacturing (FMS) to carry out number of task in field of logistic areas. In this paper, open loop characteristics of AGV for longitudinal parameters have been analyzed on the basis of its open loop time and frequency response characteristics. The open loop response of longitudinal model of AGV is not satisfactory, so to improve the response of longitudinal modal of AGV, different types of controller have been used. This paper presents the longitudinal parameter control of AGV by using P, PI, and PID controller. The implementation and simulation of different types of controllers have been done on MATLAB software tool. The comparative analysis of different parameters of AGV has been shown to justify the preference of particular controller.

This paper presents an application of statistical arbitrage to foreign exchange markets and specifically on instruments that obey a triangle rule/law. These instruments have a long-term cointegration relationship which leads to the mean-reversion behaviour evident in their data. Metatrader 4 is used to develop an indicator which in turn is used to gather and process price data and inform an investor on when and how to invest in a particular combination of three instruments obeying the triangle rule. That is, a simple strategy is outlined and its long-term profitability is demonstrated using expectation value under some mild assumption of stability of cointegration model parameters.

Our society is fully dependent on the power generating station. The power system comprises of three parts i.e. generation, transmission and distribution of electrical power. Now a days due to lake of the Non-renewable sources like coal etc. So due to day by day increasing demand of electricity and fulfill this demand our society is turns towards the renewable sources like wind energy and solar energy. Use of linear electrical loads like transformers and motors etc. There is a problem of unbalance of current waveforms and unbalancing in power system. Voltage unbalancing due to the fluctuation of the reactive loads. This reactive power is compensated by the series compensator and shunt compensator. Among of these STATCOM is most effective device for mitigation of voltage Fluctuation and unbalancing.

This paper mainly explores a specific deep learning method to build a conversational agent. Nowadays the popularity of chatbot systems is on rise as they attempt to get into daily life and achieve some commercial success. Previous approaches used simple keywords & pattern matching methodologies, answering in a static manner irrespective of previous conversions. As an improvement to this technology would be a system that will work with sequence to sequence framework. Our proposed model makes use of this framework. Given the previous sentence or sentences and the next sentence in a conversation, the model converses by predicting the next sentence. The distinctive feature of our model is that it can be trained end-to-end hence requires much fewer hand-crafted rules. This straightforward model can generate simple conversations given a large conversational training dataset.

In islanding operating mode of microgrid, the voltage and frequency of system must be maintained by the microgrid, or else the system will crumble due to the characteristics of different distributed generators (DG) utilized in microgrid. The voltage and frequency lost provision when main grid is disconnected. This paper presents PI controller based voltage controller to regulate voltage to its normal condition. The controller is proposed to be utilized individually with each distributed generator (DG) in microgrid. The controller compares inverter output voltage with voltage at point of common coupling (PCC) and its output is feed to PWM pulse generator to generate appropriate pulses for inverter to regulate voltage to its nominal value. The simulation results of proposed system are shown using MATLAB/Simulink platform.

This study has been undertaken to investigate the speed control ACIM using field oriented control. The principle of vector control of electric drives is based on the control of both the magnitude and the phase of each phase current and voltage. for this purpose, the study of available conventional and non-conventional approaches has been presented. This paper also presents a clear study which illustrates introduction of efficient vector control of ACIM.

The Paper analyses the use of a single phase inverter for remote residential loads powered by solar photovoltaic arrays for meeting household energy requirements. The study also describes the importance and role of PI controller in the proposed model for stand-alone systems to mitigate the effect of the variations by manual tuning of the controller. The paper discusses the behaviour of the tuned controller and the outcome such tuning.

SOLAR PANEL CONTROL USING SLIDING MODE
Akshata Upare, Priyanka Kumbhar, Jaydeep Patel, Pawan Chilka, S.L.Chavan
Department of Electronics & Telecommunications, Rajarshi Shahu College of Engineering
Affiliated to University of Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India

In this paper, a new sliding mode controller is proposed as the indirect control method and compared to a simple direct control method in order to control a buck converter in photovoltaic applications. The solar arrays are dependent power sources with nonlinear voltage-current characteristics under different environmental conditions. From this point of view, the DC/DC converter is particularly suitable for the application of the sliding mode control in photovoltaic application, because of its controllable states. Solar tracking allows more energy to be produced because the solar array is able to remain aligned to the sun. This method has the advantage that it will guarantee the maximum output power possible by the array configuration. Problems and possible improvements will also be presented.

This paper describes a generalized model of the three-phase induction motor and its computer simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Constructional details of various sub-models for the induction motor are given and their implementation in SIMULINK is outlined. Direct-online starting of a 7.5-kW induction motor is studied using the simulation model developed.

The consumption of energy increases due to population increased day by day. This is necessarily in each step of life. Energy resources are of two types, one is renewable energy sources and other is non renewable energy sources. But we know that non renewable sources will exhausted. The importance of renewable sources cannot be underestimated. According to utilization of renewable sources , the fundamental point is impact on environment. In this paper we discuss about the some pros and cons of renewable sources and future trends. In recent years, the more prices of fossil fuels and greenhouse effects have built the opportunities in the production of renewable energy resources. Renewable energy is considered a more better source of fuel than nuclear power now a days because they are more safe than non renewable energy sources.

In this paper, a nonlinear control algorithm for a current-fed DC-DC is presented. This converter consists of an inductor, a controllable full-bridge converter, which is connected to a full-bridge rectifier via a high-frequency transformer. The advantages of this converter include galvanic isolation, high voltage gain and low input current ripple. Based on Flatness properties, we proposed a controller, which can guarantee the responses during either start-up or steady-state. The experimental results are obtained for validating the proposed control method.

https://www.ijert.org/ghnn-based-selective-harmonic-elimination-implementation-for-single-phase-inverter

https://www.ijert.org/research/ghnn-based-selective-harmonic-elimination-implementation-for-single-phase-inverter-IJERTV8IS020056.pdf

In this paper, Generalized Hopfield Neural Network (GHNN) based Selective Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation (SHEPWM) is implemented to single phase inverter. Different order of harmonics can be eliminated by using this projected work. This proposed technology tries to eliminate fifth, seventh, eleventh and thirteenth order harmonic. Performance analysis is carried out in the form of simulation using MATLAB/Simulink. To get the continuous switching instants for corresponding modulation indices M, these system is solved by Ordinary Differential Equation's (ODE's) by fourth order of Runge Kutta i.e. RK-4. With the help of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Analysis, Output voltage verifies the effectiveness of proposed technique. Hence, it proves that SHEPWM is applicable in industrial application.