Meats are considered a valuable part of the human diet and a best source of B-group vitamins. Thu... more Meats are considered a valuable part of the human diet and a best source of B-group vitamins. Thus, investigations that measure the losses by cooking and bioaccessibilities of micronutrients are crucial to knowing the vitamin amounts in meats. The aim of this research was to investigate the content and loss of thiamine in meats by four different cooking practices, boiling, roasting, grilling, and frying, and to determine the bioaccessibility of thiamine in cooked meats by a simulated in vitro human gastrointestinal digestion system. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to detect the contents of thiamine in each raw and cooked meat. In raw meats, the measured thiamine amounts varied from 58.67 to 159 µg/100 g. After cooking, the amounts of thiamine ranged between 21-93 µg/100 g. While the lowest thiamine loss was determined in the boiled mutton thigh (8%), the highest loss was found in roasted veal thigh and mutton sleeve with 64%. The bioaccessibilities of thiamine in meats after digestion ranged from 12 to 83 µg/100 g. The highest thiamine bioaccessibility was in the grilled veal chop with 91%, while the lowest bioaccessibility was found in the roasted mutton sleeve with 12%. The bioaccessibility of vitamins may be remarkably influenced by factors such as stability, pH of the gastrointestinal tract, and temperature. Determining the bioaccessibility of thiamine in meats after cooking and digestion is important for the correct evaluation of the daily intake values of these vitamins.
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology, Oct 25, 2022
This study aims to determine the thermodynamic performance of the cardiovascular system for healt... more This study aims to determine the thermodynamic performance of the cardiovascular system for healthy and cardiomegaly conditions where work done by the heart and lung is considered as input expenses. Analysis based on the second law of thermodynamics was performed under three distinct physiological conditions: resting, moderate, and excessive activity levels. From this analysis, it is noted that, exergy transfer rate increases with the increase in the physiological activity level. The exergetic efficiency of the cardiovascular system is about 55% at resting and changes by about 4% with physical activity level. The human cardiovascular system efficiency is increased with an increase in breathing air inlet temperature and relative humidity irrespective of physiological conditions. The work also quantifies the efficiency of the heart and lung as individual systems. For a fixed breathing air inlet temperature and relative humidity, the cardiovascular system performance increases with a decrease in physical activity levels.
Demiroğlu Science University Florence Nightingale journal of medicine, Apr 15, 2020
Dietary and behavioral approaches to obesity, a serious public health problem worldwide, have not... more Dietary and behavioral approaches to obesity, a serious public health problem worldwide, have not prevented the progression of obesity. Scientists have explored the mechanisms of adipose tissue and intracellular calcium to find different therapeutic methods for obesity. Although the first step in the treatment of obesity is energy restriction, studies have shown that dietary calcium can play an important role not only in the regulation of skeletal integrity but also in energy metabolism. The anti-obesity effect of calcium has been demonstrated by animal studies, observational population studies and randomized clinical studies. However, some studies have failed to explain the effect of calcium in obesity treatment. Although the protective effects of calcium against obesity and comorbidities are promising, larger studies are needed. This review investigates the anti-obesity mechanisms of action of dietary calcium in animal studies, observational population studies, and randomized clinical trials.
In this paper, human catabiosis has been observed from the vantage of thermodynamics. The nature ... more In this paper, human catabiosis has been observed from the vantage of thermodynamics. The nature of human catabiosis, its origin and future evolution are addressed. Research works on human catabiosis based on non-equilibrium thermodynamics are summarized. The origin of the human species, reproduction, growth and ageing are reviewed from the perspective of thermodynamics, and finally, the future trend of catabiosis is discussed. Works of the literature suggest that in the human
In vitro bioaccessibility of Pb, As, Cd and Hg in five traditional Indian medicine samples was me... more In vitro bioaccessibility of Pb, As, Cd and Hg in five traditional Indian medicine samples was measured as a determinant of bioavailability. The method is based on simulation of human digestion in the passage of material from the gastric to intestinal portions of the gastrointestinal tract. Total concentration and concentration in extracts from gastric and intestinal phases were analyzed for Pb, As and Cd by dynamic reaction cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (DRC-ICP-MS) and for Hg by direct mercury analyzer (DMA). Total lead ranged from 1.9 to 36000 µg g −1. In each of the samples bioaccessibility of lead was significantly higher (range 28-88%) in the gastric phase than in the intestinal phase (range 1.4-75.4%). Only Ekangvir Ras had measurable arsenic (304 µg g −1). Its bioaccessibility in the gastric phase and intestinal phase was 82.6% and 78.1%, respectively. Only Ayu-Nephro-Tone had measurable cadmium (14.4 µg g −1). Its bioaccessibility in the gastric phase and intestinal phase was 80.5% and 2.2%, respectively. Three samples had measurable mercury (range 37 µg g −1-10000 µg g −1). Mercury in these samples was not bioaccessible. For the samples with measurable amount of metal, the estimated daily amount of bioaccessible (EDAB) metal was calculated. When compared with the most liberal published safety guideline, EDAB-Pb in Mahayograj Guggulu and Ekangvir Ras were 37 and 45 fold greater. When compared with the most conservative published safety guideline, all samples had higher EDAB-Pb or EDAB-As than the suggested limits. The EDAB-Cd and EDAB-Hg were acceptably below published safety limits.
Amaç: İleri glikasyon son ürünleri (AGE'ler), gıdaların işlenmesi sırasında Maillard reaksiyonu, ... more Amaç: İleri glikasyon son ürünleri (AGE'ler), gıdaların işlenmesi sırasında Maillard reaksiyonu, proteinlerin ve yağların oksidasyonu ile meydana gelen ve vücutta birikimi toksik etki gösteren bileşiklerdir. Glioksal (GO) ve metilglioksal (MGO) en önemli AGE öncüllerindendir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, çeşitli sosların içeriğindeki şeker bileşenlerini tespit ederek, in vitro gastrointestinal sindirim modeli ile soslardaki GO ve MGO'nun sindirim öncesi ve sonrası miktarlarını belirlemek, şeker bileşeni türü ve miktarının AGE oluşumuna etkisini değerlendirmek ve çeşitli sosların GO ve MGO biyoerişilebilirliklerini ortaya koymaktır. Materyal ve yöntem: Çalışmada, 20 farklı sos örneği İstanbul'daki çeşitli marketlerden temin edilip, analizler HPLC ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tartışma ve sonuç: Soslardaki şeker bileşenleri sonuçlarına göre; fruktoz 0,00-17,60 g/100 g; glikoz 0,00-19,35 g/100 g ve sakkaroz 0,00-25,56 g/100 g aralığında bulunmuştur. Sindirim öncesi GO değerleri 6,00-919,9 µg/100 g, MGO değerleri ise 0,00-512,3 µg/100 g aralığında tespit edilmiştir. GO değeri en yüksek barbekü sosta, MGO değeri ise en yüksek domates salçasında tespit edilmiştir. İncelenen ürünlerin GO biyoerişilebilirlikleri %0-529,5 aralığında belirlenmiş olup MGO biyoerişilebilirlikleri ise %0-144,2 aralığında değişmektedir. En yüksek GO biyoerişilebilirliği hardalda, en yüksek MGO biyoerişilebilirliği ise çikolatalı sosta belirlenmiştir. Toplam şeker miktarı yüksek olan ürünlerin toplam AGE öncülü miktarları da yüksek bulunmuştur. Glikotoksin olarak da bilinen AGE'ler, diyabet başta olmak üzere birçok kronik hastalıkta patolojik öneme sahiptir. İşlenmiş gıda ürünlerindeki GO ve MGO'nun in vitro biyoerişilebilirliğinin bilinmesi, diyetle alınan AGE miktarlarının belirlenmesi açısından önemlidir. Sonuç olarak, işlenmiş gıdaların AGE miktarlarının tayini, oluşumunun azaltılması ve engellenmesi üzerine daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
Meats are considered a valuable part of the human diet and a best source of B-group vitamins. Thu... more Meats are considered a valuable part of the human diet and a best source of B-group vitamins. Thus, investigations that measure the losses by cooking and bioaccessibilities of micronutrients are crucial to knowing the vitamin amounts in meats. The aim of this research was to investigate the content and loss of thiamine in meats by four different cooking practices, boiling, roasting, grilling, and frying, and to determine the bioaccessibility of thiamine in cooked meats by a simulated in vitro human gastrointestinal digestion system. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to detect the contents of thiamine in each raw and cooked meat. In raw meats, the measured thiamine amounts varied from 58.67 to 159 µg/100 g. After cooking, the amounts of thiamine ranged between 21-93 µg/100 g. While the lowest thiamine loss was determined in the boiled mutton thigh (8%), the highest loss was found in roasted veal thigh and mutton sleeve with 64%. The bioaccessibilities of thiamine in meats after digestion ranged from 12 to 83 µg/100 g. The highest thiamine bioaccessibility was in the grilled veal chop with 91%, while the lowest bioaccessibility was found in the roasted mutton sleeve with 12%. The bioaccessibility of vitamins may be remarkably influenced by factors such as stability, pH of the gastrointestinal tract, and temperature. Determining the bioaccessibility of thiamine in meats after cooking and digestion is important for the correct evaluation of the daily intake values of these vitamins.
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology, Oct 25, 2022
This study aims to determine the thermodynamic performance of the cardiovascular system for healt... more This study aims to determine the thermodynamic performance of the cardiovascular system for healthy and cardiomegaly conditions where work done by the heart and lung is considered as input expenses. Analysis based on the second law of thermodynamics was performed under three distinct physiological conditions: resting, moderate, and excessive activity levels. From this analysis, it is noted that, exergy transfer rate increases with the increase in the physiological activity level. The exergetic efficiency of the cardiovascular system is about 55% at resting and changes by about 4% with physical activity level. The human cardiovascular system efficiency is increased with an increase in breathing air inlet temperature and relative humidity irrespective of physiological conditions. The work also quantifies the efficiency of the heart and lung as individual systems. For a fixed breathing air inlet temperature and relative humidity, the cardiovascular system performance increases with a decrease in physical activity levels.
Demiroğlu Science University Florence Nightingale journal of medicine, Apr 15, 2020
Dietary and behavioral approaches to obesity, a serious public health problem worldwide, have not... more Dietary and behavioral approaches to obesity, a serious public health problem worldwide, have not prevented the progression of obesity. Scientists have explored the mechanisms of adipose tissue and intracellular calcium to find different therapeutic methods for obesity. Although the first step in the treatment of obesity is energy restriction, studies have shown that dietary calcium can play an important role not only in the regulation of skeletal integrity but also in energy metabolism. The anti-obesity effect of calcium has been demonstrated by animal studies, observational population studies and randomized clinical studies. However, some studies have failed to explain the effect of calcium in obesity treatment. Although the protective effects of calcium against obesity and comorbidities are promising, larger studies are needed. This review investigates the anti-obesity mechanisms of action of dietary calcium in animal studies, observational population studies, and randomized clinical trials.
In this paper, human catabiosis has been observed from the vantage of thermodynamics. The nature ... more In this paper, human catabiosis has been observed from the vantage of thermodynamics. The nature of human catabiosis, its origin and future evolution are addressed. Research works on human catabiosis based on non-equilibrium thermodynamics are summarized. The origin of the human species, reproduction, growth and ageing are reviewed from the perspective of thermodynamics, and finally, the future trend of catabiosis is discussed. Works of the literature suggest that in the human
In vitro bioaccessibility of Pb, As, Cd and Hg in five traditional Indian medicine samples was me... more In vitro bioaccessibility of Pb, As, Cd and Hg in five traditional Indian medicine samples was measured as a determinant of bioavailability. The method is based on simulation of human digestion in the passage of material from the gastric to intestinal portions of the gastrointestinal tract. Total concentration and concentration in extracts from gastric and intestinal phases were analyzed for Pb, As and Cd by dynamic reaction cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (DRC-ICP-MS) and for Hg by direct mercury analyzer (DMA). Total lead ranged from 1.9 to 36000 µg g −1. In each of the samples bioaccessibility of lead was significantly higher (range 28-88%) in the gastric phase than in the intestinal phase (range 1.4-75.4%). Only Ekangvir Ras had measurable arsenic (304 µg g −1). Its bioaccessibility in the gastric phase and intestinal phase was 82.6% and 78.1%, respectively. Only Ayu-Nephro-Tone had measurable cadmium (14.4 µg g −1). Its bioaccessibility in the gastric phase and intestinal phase was 80.5% and 2.2%, respectively. Three samples had measurable mercury (range 37 µg g −1-10000 µg g −1). Mercury in these samples was not bioaccessible. For the samples with measurable amount of metal, the estimated daily amount of bioaccessible (EDAB) metal was calculated. When compared with the most liberal published safety guideline, EDAB-Pb in Mahayograj Guggulu and Ekangvir Ras were 37 and 45 fold greater. When compared with the most conservative published safety guideline, all samples had higher EDAB-Pb or EDAB-As than the suggested limits. The EDAB-Cd and EDAB-Hg were acceptably below published safety limits.
Amaç: İleri glikasyon son ürünleri (AGE'ler), gıdaların işlenmesi sırasında Maillard reaksiyonu, ... more Amaç: İleri glikasyon son ürünleri (AGE'ler), gıdaların işlenmesi sırasında Maillard reaksiyonu, proteinlerin ve yağların oksidasyonu ile meydana gelen ve vücutta birikimi toksik etki gösteren bileşiklerdir. Glioksal (GO) ve metilglioksal (MGO) en önemli AGE öncüllerindendir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, çeşitli sosların içeriğindeki şeker bileşenlerini tespit ederek, in vitro gastrointestinal sindirim modeli ile soslardaki GO ve MGO'nun sindirim öncesi ve sonrası miktarlarını belirlemek, şeker bileşeni türü ve miktarının AGE oluşumuna etkisini değerlendirmek ve çeşitli sosların GO ve MGO biyoerişilebilirliklerini ortaya koymaktır. Materyal ve yöntem: Çalışmada, 20 farklı sos örneği İstanbul'daki çeşitli marketlerden temin edilip, analizler HPLC ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tartışma ve sonuç: Soslardaki şeker bileşenleri sonuçlarına göre; fruktoz 0,00-17,60 g/100 g; glikoz 0,00-19,35 g/100 g ve sakkaroz 0,00-25,56 g/100 g aralığında bulunmuştur. Sindirim öncesi GO değerleri 6,00-919,9 µg/100 g, MGO değerleri ise 0,00-512,3 µg/100 g aralığında tespit edilmiştir. GO değeri en yüksek barbekü sosta, MGO değeri ise en yüksek domates salçasında tespit edilmiştir. İncelenen ürünlerin GO biyoerişilebilirlikleri %0-529,5 aralığında belirlenmiş olup MGO biyoerişilebilirlikleri ise %0-144,2 aralığında değişmektedir. En yüksek GO biyoerişilebilirliği hardalda, en yüksek MGO biyoerişilebilirliği ise çikolatalı sosta belirlenmiştir. Toplam şeker miktarı yüksek olan ürünlerin toplam AGE öncülü miktarları da yüksek bulunmuştur. Glikotoksin olarak da bilinen AGE'ler, diyabet başta olmak üzere birçok kronik hastalıkta patolojik öneme sahiptir. İşlenmiş gıda ürünlerindeki GO ve MGO'nun in vitro biyoerişilebilirliğinin bilinmesi, diyetle alınan AGE miktarlarının belirlenmesi açısından önemlidir. Sonuç olarak, işlenmiş gıdaların AGE miktarlarının tayini, oluşumunun azaltılması ve engellenmesi üzerine daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
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