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Bahasa Bhojpuri

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Bahasa Bhojpuri
भोजपुरी - 𑂦𑂷𑂔𑂣𑂳𑂩𑂲
Bhojpurī
Dipakay bak Jolma Bhojpuri
Jumlah Panutur 51 juta
Wilayah India rik Nepal
Kaluwarga Basa Indo-Eropa
 • Indo-Iran
   • Indo-Arya
     • Bahasa Bhojpuri
Huruf Aksara Diwanagori
Aksara Kaithi
Status
Resmi di
Diatur bak
  • Bihar (Bhojpuri Academy)
  • Delhi (Maithili - Bhojpuri Academy, Delhi)
  • Madhya Pradesh (Bhojpuri Sahitya Academy)
Status Basa Lokok tipakay
Kode Basa
ISO 639-3 bho


Basa Bhojpuri atawa भोजपुरी - 𑂦𑂷𑂔𑂣𑂳𑂩𑂲 joda da salah osay basa Indo-Arya say dituturko Jolma Bhojpuri di nagara bagiyan Bihar, India rik Nepal.[1][2] Ija utamona tipakay di Uttar Pradesh darak, rik di topi Bihar.[1]

Basa hasa tikuruk dilom rumpun bahasa Indo-Arya darak rik di tahun 2000 dituturko sakitar 5% jak populasi nagara India.[3] Bhojpuri sa katurunan jak Magadhi Prakrit rik lokok bukahikan rik Basa Maithili, Magahi, Bangla, Odia, Assam, rik Rumpun Bahasa Indo-Arya darak barihna.[4]

Oklusif
Mak busuwara Busuwara Nasal
Mak ngahombus Ngahombuz Mak ngahombus Ngahombus
Letter Trans. IPA Letter Trans. Huruf Trans. IPA Huruf Trans. Huruf Trans. IPA
Velar 𑂍 k /k/ 𑂎 kh 𑂏 g /ɡ/ 𑂐 gh 𑂑 /ŋ/
Palatal 𑂒 c /c/ 𑂓 ch 𑂔 j /ɟ/ 𑂕 jh 𑂖 ñ /ɲ/
Retrofleks 𑂗 /ʈ/ 𑂘 ṭh 𑂙 /ɖ/ 𑂛 ḍh 𑂝 /ɳ/
𑂚 /ɽ/ 𑂜 ṛh
Dental 𑂞 t /t/ 𑂟 th 𑂠 d /d/ 𑂡 dh 𑂢 n /n/
Labial 𑂣 p /p/ 𑂤 ph 𑂥 b /b/ 𑂦 bh 𑂧 m /m/
Sonoran rik Frikatif
Palatal Retrofleks Dental Labial
Letter Trans. IPA Huruf Trans. IPA Huruf Trans. IPA Huruf Trans. IPA
Sonoran 𑂨 y /j/ 𑂩 r /r/ 𑂪 l /l/ 𑂫 v /ʋ/
Sibilan 𑂬 ś /ɕ/ 𑂭 /ʂ/ 𑂮 s /s/
Barihna
𑂯 h /h/
Vokal
Trans. Huruf Diyakritik Cuntuh makay huruf Ka Trans. Huruf Diyakritik Cuntuh makay huruf Ka
Guttural a 𑂃 𑂍 ā 𑂄 𑂰 𑂍𑂰
Palatal i 𑂅 𑂱 𑂍𑂱 ī 𑂆 𑂲 𑂍𑂲
Ambuntor u 𑂇 𑂳 𑂍𑂳 ū 𑂈 𑂴 𑂍𑂴
Palatoguttural e 𑂉 𑂵 𑂍𑂵 ai 𑂊 𑂶 𑂍𑂶
Labioguttural o 𑂋 𑂷 𑂍𑂷 au 𑂌 𑂸 𑂍𑂸
Diyakritik Golar Fungsi (B. Inggris)
𑂀 chandrabindu A chandrabindu denotes nasalisation although it is not normally used with Kaithi.[5]
𑂁 anusvara An anusvara in Kaithi represents true vowel nasalisation.[5] For example, 𑂍𑂁, kaṃ.
𑂂 visarga Visarga is a Sanskrit holdover originally representing /h/. For example, 𑂍𑂂 kaḥ.[5]
𑂹 halanta A virama removes a consonant's inherent a and in some cases forms consonant clusters. Compare 𑂧𑂥 maba with 𑂧𑂹𑂥 mba.[6]
𑂺 nuqta A nuqta is used to extend letters to represent non-native sounds. For example, 𑂔 ja + nuqta = 𑂔𑂺, which represents Arabic zayin.[5]
Tanda Jabaran (B. Inggris)
𑂻 The abbreviation sign is one method of representing abbreviations in Kaithi.[5] For example, 𑂪𑂱𑂎𑂱𑂞𑂧 can be abbreviated as 𑂪𑂲𑂻.[5]
𑂽 The number sign is used with digits for enumerated lists and numerical sequences.[5] It can appear above, below, or before a digit or sequence of digits.[5] For example, 𑂽१२३.
𑂼 The enumeration sign is a spacing version of the number sign.[6] It always appears before a digit or sequence of digits (never above or below).
𑂾 The section sign indicates the end of a sentence.[6]
𑂿 The double section sign indicates the end of a larger section of text, such as a paragraph.[6]
𑃀 Danda is a Kaithi-specific danda, which can mark the end of a sentence or line.
𑃁 Double danda is a Kaithi-specific double danda.

Huruf Kaithi biyasona makay angka Diwanagori

Angka Devanāgarī
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Tabol Diyakritik

[dandani | dandani sumbor]
𑂃 𑂄 𑂅 𑂆 𑂇 𑂈 𑂉 𑂊 𑂋 𑂌 𑂃𑂁 𑂃𑂂
𑂹𑂍 𑂍 𑂍𑂰 𑂍𑂱 𑂍𑂲 𑂍𑂳 𑂍𑂴 𑂍𑂵 𑂍𑂶 𑂍𑂷 𑂍𑂸 𑂍𑂁 𑂍𑂂
𑂹𑂎 𑂎 𑂎𑂰 𑂎𑂱 𑂎𑂲 𑂎𑂳 𑂎𑂴 𑂎𑂵 𑂎𑂶 𑂎𑂷 𑂎𑂸 𑂎𑂁 𑂎𑂂
𑂹𑂏 𑂏 𑂏𑂰 𑂏𑂱 𑂏𑂲 𑂏𑂳 𑂏𑂴 𑂏𑂵 𑂏𑂶 𑂏𑂷 𑂏𑂸 𑂏𑂁 𑂏𑂂
𑂹𑂐 𑂐 𑂐𑂰 𑂐𑂱 𑂐𑂲 𑂐𑂳 𑂐𑂴 𑂐𑂵 𑂐𑂶 𑂐𑂷 𑂐𑂸 𑂐𑂁 𑂐𑂂
𑂑𑂹 𑂑 𑂑𑂰 𑂑𑂱 𑂑𑂲 𑂑𑂳 𑂑𑂴 𑂑𑂵 𑂑𑂶 𑂑𑂷 𑂑𑂸 𑂑𑂁 𑂑𑂂
𑂹𑂒 𑂒 𑂒𑂰 𑂒𑂱 𑂒𑂲 𑂒𑂳 𑂒𑂴 𑂒𑂵 𑂒𑂶 𑂒𑂷 𑂒𑂸 𑂒𑂁 𑂒𑂂
𑂓𑂹 𑂓 𑂓𑂰 𑂓𑂱 𑂓𑂲 𑂓𑂳 𑂓𑂴 𑂓𑂵 𑂓𑂶 𑂓𑂷 𑂓𑂸 𑂓𑂁 𑂓𑂂
𑂹𑂔 𑂔 𑂔𑂰 𑂔𑂱 𑂔𑂲 𑂔𑂳 𑂔𑂴 𑂔𑂵 𑂔𑂶 𑂔𑂷 𑂔𑂸 𑂔𑂁 𑂔𑂂
𑂕𑂹 𑂕 𑂕𑂰 𑂕𑂱 𑂕𑂲 𑂕𑂳 𑂕𑂴 𑂕𑂵 𑂕𑂶 𑂕𑂷 𑂕𑂸 𑂕𑂁 𑂕𑂂
𑂹𑂖 𑂖 𑂖𑂰 𑂖𑂱 𑂖𑂲 𑂖𑂳 𑂖𑂴 𑂖𑂵 𑂖𑂶 𑂖𑂷 𑂖𑂸 𑂖𑂁 𑂖𑂂
𑂗𑂹 𑂗 𑂗𑂰 𑂗𑂱 𑂗𑂲 𑂗𑂳 𑂗𑂴 𑂗𑂵 𑂗𑂶 𑂗𑂷 𑂗𑂸 𑂗𑂁 𑂗𑂂
𑂘𑂹 𑂘 𑂘𑂰 𑂘𑂱 𑂘𑂲 𑂘𑂳 𑂘𑂴 𑂘𑂵 𑂘𑂶 𑂘𑂷 𑂘𑂸 𑂘𑂁 𑂘𑂂
𑂙𑂹 𑂙 𑂙𑂰 𑂙𑂱 𑂙𑂲 𑂙𑂳 𑂙𑂴 𑂙𑂵 𑂙𑂶 𑂙𑂷 𑂙𑂸 𑂙𑂁 𑂙𑂂
𑂛𑂹 𑂛 𑂛𑂰 𑂛𑂱 𑂛𑂲 𑂛𑂳 𑂛𑂴 𑂛𑂵 𑂛𑂶 𑂛𑂷 𑂛𑂸 𑂛𑂁 𑂛𑂂
𑂹𑂝 𑂝 𑂝𑂰 𑂝𑂱 𑂝𑂲 𑂝𑂳 𑂝𑂴 𑂝𑂵 𑂝𑂶 𑂝𑂷 𑂝𑂸 𑂝𑂁 𑂝𑂂
𑂹𑂞 𑂞 𑂞𑂰 𑂞𑂱 𑂞𑂲 𑂞𑂳 𑂞𑂴 𑂞𑂵 𑂞𑂶 𑂞𑂷 𑂞𑂸 𑂞𑂁 𑂞𑂂
𑂹𑂟 𑂟 𑂟𑂰 𑂟𑂱 𑂟𑂲 𑂟𑂳 𑂟𑂴 𑂟𑂵 𑂟𑂶 𑂟𑂷 𑂟𑂸 𑂟𑂁 𑂟𑂂
𑂹𑂠 𑂠 𑂠𑂰 𑂠𑂲 𑂠𑂲 𑂠𑂳 𑂠𑂴 𑂠𑂵 𑂠𑂶 𑂠𑂷 𑂠𑂸 𑂠𑂁 𑂠𑂂
𑂹𑂡 𑂡 𑂡𑂰 𑂡𑂱 𑂡𑂲 𑂡𑂳 𑂡𑂴 𑂡𑂵 𑂡𑂶 𑂡𑂷 𑂡𑂸 𑂡𑂁 𑂡𑂂
𑂹𑂢 𑂢 𑂢𑂰 𑂢𑂱 𑂢𑂲 𑂢𑂳 𑂢𑂴 𑂢𑂵 𑂢𑂶 𑂢𑂷 𑂢𑂸 𑂢𑂁 𑂢𑂂
𑂹𑂣 𑂣 𑂣𑂰 𑂣𑂱 𑂣𑂲 𑂣𑂳 𑂣𑂴 𑂣𑂵 𑂣𑂶 𑂣𑂷 𑂣𑂸 𑂣𑂁 𑂣𑂂
𑂹𑂤 𑂤 𑂤𑂰 𑂤𑂱 𑂤𑂲 𑂤𑂳 𑂤𑂴 𑂤𑂵 𑂤𑂶 𑂤𑂷 𑂤𑂸 𑂤𑂁 𑂤𑂂
𑂹𑂥 𑂥 𑂥𑂰 𑂥𑂱 𑂥𑂲 𑂥𑂳 𑂥𑂴 𑂥𑂵 𑂥𑂶 𑂥𑂷 𑂥𑂸 𑂥𑂁 𑂥𑂂
𑂹𑂦 𑂦 𑂦𑂰 𑂦𑂱 𑂦𑂲 𑂦𑂳 𑂦𑂴 𑂦𑂵 𑂦𑂶 𑂦𑂷 𑂦𑂸 𑂦𑂁 𑂦𑂂
𑂹𑂧 𑂧 𑂧𑂰 𑂧𑂱 𑂧𑂲 𑂧𑂳 𑂧𑂴 𑂧𑂵 𑂧𑂶 𑂧𑂷 𑂧𑂸 𑂧𑂁 𑂧𑂂
𑂹𑂨 𑂨 𑂨𑂰 𑂨𑂱 𑂨𑂲 𑂨𑂳 𑂨𑂴 𑂨𑂵 𑂨𑂶 𑂨𑂷 𑂨𑂸 𑂨𑂁 𑂨𑂂
𑂹𑂩 𑂩 𑂩𑂰 𑂩𑂱 𑂩𑂲 𑂩𑂳 𑂩𑂴 𑂩𑂵 𑂩𑂶 𑂩𑂷 𑂩𑂸 𑂩𑂁 𑂩𑂂
𑂹𑂪 𑂪 𑂪𑂰 𑂪𑂱 𑂪𑂲 𑂪𑂳 𑂪𑂴 𑂪𑂵 𑂪𑂶 𑂪𑂷 𑂪𑂸 𑂪𑂁 𑂪𑂂
𑂹𑂫 𑂫 𑂫𑂰 𑂫𑂱 𑂫𑂲 𑂫𑂳 𑂫𑂴 𑂫𑂵 𑂫𑂶 𑂫𑂷 𑂫𑂸 𑂫𑂁 𑂫𑂂
𑂹𑂬 𑂬 𑂬𑂰 𑂬𑂱 𑂬𑂲 𑂬𑂳 𑂬𑂴 𑂬𑂵 𑂬𑂶 𑂬𑂷 𑂬𑂸 𑂬𑂁 𑂬𑂂
𑂹𑂭 𑂭 𑂭𑂰 𑂭𑂱 𑂭𑂲 𑂭𑂳 𑂭𑂴 𑂭𑂵 𑂭𑂶 𑂭𑂷 𑂭𑂸 𑂭𑂁 𑂭𑂂
𑂹𑂮 𑂮 𑂮𑂰 𑂮𑂱 𑂮𑂲 𑂮𑂳 𑂮𑂴 𑂮𑂵 𑂮𑂶 𑂮𑂷 𑂮𑂸 𑂮𑂁 𑂮𑂂
𑂹𑂯 𑂯 𑂯𑂰 𑂯𑂱 𑂯𑂲 𑂯𑂳 𑂯𑂴 𑂯𑂵 𑂯𑂶 𑂯𑂷 𑂯𑂸 𑂯𑂁 𑂯𑂂

Diwanagori

[dandani | dandani sumbor]
Fonetik → sparśa
(Oklusif)
anunāsika
(Nasal)
antastha
(Aproksiman)
ūṣman/saṃgharṣī
(Frikatif)
Bubunyi → aghoṣa saghoṣa aghoṣa saghoṣa
Ngahisok → alpaprāṇa mahāprāṇa alpaprāṇa mahāprāṇa alpaprāṇa mahāprāṇa
kaṇṭhya
(Velar)
ka
[k]
kha
[]
ga
[ɡ]
gha
[ɡʱ]
ṅa
[ŋ]
ha
[ɦ]
tālavya
(Palatal)
ca
[]
cha
[tʃʰ]
ja
[]
jha
[dʒʱ]
ña
[ɲ]
ya
[j]
śa
[ʃ]
mūrdhanya
(Retrofleks)
ṭa
[ʈ]
ṭha
[ʈʰ]
ḍa
[ɖ]
ḍha
[ɖʱ]
ṇa
[ɳ]
ra
[r]
ṣa
[ʂ]
dantya
(Dental)
ta
[]
tha
[t̪ʰ]
da
[]
dha
[d̪ʱ]
na
[n]
la
[l]
sa
[s]
oṣṭhya
(Labial)
pa
[p]
pha
[pʰ]
ba
[b]
bha
[bʱ]
ma
[m]
va
[ʋ]
Bontuk Posay IAST ISO IPA Diyakritik rik huruf Barakhadi Bontuk Posay IAST ISO IPA Diyakritik rik huruf Barakhadi
kaṇṭhya
(Guttural)
a [ɐ] ā [] पा
tālavya
(Palatal)
i [i] पि ī [] पी
oṣṭhya
(Labial)
u [u] पु 6 ū [] पू 6
mūrdhanya
(Retrofleks)
[] पृ  4 r̥̄ [r̩ː] पॄ
dantya
(Dental)
 4 [] पॢ  4, 5 l̥̄ [l̩ː] पॣ
kaṇṭhatālavya
(Palatoguttural)
e ē [] पे ai [ɑj] पै
kaṇṭhoṣṭhya
(Labioguttural)
o ō [] पो au [ɑw] पौ
अं /  1,2 [◌̃] पं अः /  1 [h] पः
ॲ / ऍ 7 ê [æ] पॅ  7 ô [ɒ] पॉ
a ā ê ô i ī u ū e ē ai o ō au r̥̄ l̥̄
अं अः
ि
ka ki ku ke kai ko kau kr̥ kr̥̄ kl̥ kl̥̄ kaṁ kaḥ k
का कॅ कॉ कि की कु कू कॆ के कै कॊ को कौ कृ कॄ कॢ कॣ कं कः क्
Angka Devanāgarī
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Tabol Barakhadi

[dandani | dandani sumbor]
Tabol Barakhadi
a ā i ī u ū e ai o au aṁ aḥ
अं अः
k- का कि की कु कू के कै को कौ कं कः
kh- खा खि खी खु खू खे खै खो खौ खं खः
g- गा गि गी गु गू गे गै गो गौ गं गः
gh- घा घि घी घु घू घे घै घो घौ घं घः
ṅ- ङा ङि ङी ङु ङू ङे ङै ङो ङौ ङं ङः
c- चा चि ची चु चू चे चै चो चौ चं चः
ch- छा छि छी छु छू छे छै छो छौ छं छः
j- जा जि जी जु जू जे जै जो जौ जं जः
jh- झा झि झी झु झू झे झै झो झौ झं झः
ñ- ञा ञि ञी ञु ञू ञे ञै ञो ञौ ञं ञः
ṭ- टा टि टी टु टू टे टै टो टौ टं टः
ṭh- ठा ठि ठी ठु ठू ठे ठै ठो ठौ ठं ठः
ḍ- डा डि डी डु डू डे डै डो डौ डं डः
ḍh- ढा ढि ढी ढु ढू ढे ढै ढो ढौ ढं ढः
ṇ- णा णि णी णु णू णे णै णो णौ णं णः
t- ता ति ती तु तू ते तै तो तौ तं तः
th- था थि थी थु थू थे थै थो थौ थं थः
d- दा दि दी दु दू दे दै दो दौ दं दः
dh- धा धि धी धु धू धे धै धो धौ धं धः
n- ना नि नी नु नू ने नै नो नौ नं नः
p- पा पि पी पु पू पे पै पो पौ पं पः
ph- फा फि फी फु फू फे फै फो फौ फं फः
b- बा बि बी बु बू बे बै बो बौ बं बः
bh- भा भि भी भु भू भे भै भो भौ भं भः
m- मा मि मी मु मू मे मै मो मौ मं मः
y- या यि यी यु यू ये यै यो यौ यं यः
r- रा रि री रु रू रे रै रो रौ रं रः
l- ला लि ली लु लू ले लै लो लौ लं लः
v- वा वि वी वु वू वे वै वो वौ वं वः
ś- शा शि शी शु शू शे शै शो शौ शं शः
ṣ- षा षि षी षु षू षे षै षो षौ षं षः
s- सा सि सी सु सू से सै सो सौ सं सः
h- हा हि ही हु हू हे है हो हौ हं हः

Cuntuh Tulisan

[dandani | dandani sumbor]

UDHR pasal 1;

[dandani | dandani sumbor]

𑂃𑂢𑂳𑂒𑂹𑂓𑂵𑂠 ૧: 𑂮𑂥𑂯𑂱 𑂪𑂷𑂍𑂰𑂢𑂱 𑂄𑂔𑂰𑂠𑂵 𑂔𑂢𑂹𑂧𑂵𑂪𑂰 𑂄𑂇𑂩 𑂋𑂎𑂱𑂢𑂱𑂨𑂷 𑂍𑂵 𑂥𑂩𑂰𑂥𑂩 𑂮𑂧𑂹𑂧𑂰𑂢 𑂄𑂋𑂩 𑂃𑂡𑂱𑂍𑂰𑂩 𑂣𑂹𑂩𑂰𑂣𑂹𑂞 𑂯𑂫𑂵 𑃀 𑂋𑂎𑂱𑂢𑂱𑂨𑂷 𑂍𑂵 𑂣𑂰𑂮 𑂮𑂧𑂕-𑂥𑂴𑂕 𑂄𑂇𑂩 𑂃𑂢𑂹𑂞:𑂍𑂩𑂝 𑂍𑂵 𑂄𑂫𑂰𑂔 𑂯𑂷𑂎𑂞𑂰 𑂄𑂋𑂩 𑂯𑂳𑂢𑂍𑂷 𑂍𑂵 𑂠𑂷𑂮𑂩𑂰 𑂍𑂵 𑂮𑂰𑂟 𑂦𑂰𑂆𑂒𑂰𑂩𑂵 𑂍𑂵 𑂥𑂵𑂫𑂯𑂰𑂩 𑂍𑂩𑂵 𑂍𑂵 𑂯𑂷𑂎𑂪𑂰𑃁

अनुच्छेद १: सबहि लोकानि आजादे जन्मेला आउर ओखिनियो के बराबर सम्मान आओर अधिकार प्राप्त हवे। ओखिनियो के पास समझ-बूझ आउर अंत:करण के आवाज होखता आओर हुनको के दोसरा के साथ भाईचारे के बेवहार करे के होखला।

  • Sarnámi Hindustani (salah osay dialek Hindustani Karibia)

Aadhiaai 1: Sab djanne aadjádi aur barabar paidaa bhailèn, iddjat aur hak mê. Ohi djanne ke lage sab ke samadj-boedj aur hierdaai hai aur doesare se sab soemmat sè, djaane-maane ke chaahin.

Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.

  1. 1,0 1,1 Bhojpuri entry, Oxford Dictionaries |archive-date=8 December 2015 Oxford University Press
  2. Bhojpuri Ethnologue World Languages (2009)
  3. William J. Frawley, International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, Volume 1, 0-19-513977-1, Oxford University Press, Bhojpuri, page 481
  4. William Frawley International Encyclopedia of Linguistics: 4-Volume Set May 2003, Oxford University Press, USA, 978-0-19-513977-8, dilom Bahasa Inggris
  5. 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 5,5 5,6 5,7 Pandey, Anshuman (6 May 2008). "L2/08-194: Proposal to Encode the Kaithi Script in ISO/IEC 10646" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 June 2019. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  6. 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,3 "The Unicode Standard, Chapter 15.2: Kaithi" (PDF). Unicode Consortium. March 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 March 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
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