Abstract
Environmental vulnerability is an important tool to understand the natural and anthropogenic impacts associated with the susceptibility to environmental damage. This study aims to assess the environmental vulnerability of the Doce River basin in Brazil through Multicriteria Decision Analysis based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS-MCDA). Natural factors (slope, elevation, relief dissection, rainfall, pedology, and geology) and anthropogenic factors (distance from urban centers, roads, mining dams, and land use) were used to determine the environmental vulnerability index (EVI). The EVI was classified into five classes, identifying associated land uses. Vulnerability was verified in water resource management units (UGRHs) and municipalities using hot spot analysis. The study employed the water quality index (WQI) to assess the EVI and global sensitivity analysis (GSA) to evaluate the model input parameters that most influence the basin’s environmental vulnerability. The results showed that the regions near the middle Doce River were considered environmentally more vulnerable, especially the UGRHs Guandu, Manhuaçu, and Caratinga; and 35.9% of the basin has high and very high vulnerabilities. Hot spot analysis identified regions with low EVI values (cold spot) in the north and northwest, while areas with high values (hot spot) were concentrated mainly in the middle Doce region. Water monitoring stations with the worst WQI values were found in the most environmentally vulnerable areas. The GSA determined that land use and slope were the primary factors influencing the model’s response. The results of this study provide valuable information for supporting environmental planning in the Doce River basin.
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Funding
This study was financed by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), process no. CNPq 140418/2020–2, and the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001.
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Jasmine Alves Campos: conceptualization, methodology, writing-original draft. Demetrius David da Silva: methodology, writing-review and editing. Elpídio Inácio Fernandes Filho: writing-review and editing. Gabrielle Ferreira Pires: review and editing. Ricardo Santos Silva Amorim: review and editing. Frederico Carlos Martins de Menezes Filho: review and editing. Celso Bandeira de Melo Ribeiro: review and editing. Eduardo Morgan Uliana: review and editing. Uilson Ricardo Venâncio Aires: review and editing.
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Campos, J.A., da Silva, D.D., Fernandes Filho, E.I. et al. Environmental vulnerability assessment of the Doce River basin, southeastern Brazil. Environ Monit Assess 195, 1119 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11782-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11782-w