Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
Александр Солженицын
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn; Александр Солженицын
	Solzhenitsyn pada 1974
Lahir	Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn; 11 Disember 1918; Kislovodsk, SFSR Rusia
Meninggal dunia	3 Ogos 2008 (umur 89); Moscow, Rusia
Pekerjaan	Novelis; penulis esei;
Warganegara	Soviet Russia (1918–22); Soviet Union (1922–74); Stateless (1974–90); Soviet Union (1990–91); Russia (1991–2008);
Alma mater	Rostov State University
Karya terkenal	One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich ; In the First Circle ; Cancer Ward ; The Gulag Archipelago ; Two Hundred Years Together ; The Red Wheel;
Anugerah	Nobel Prize in Literature (1970) ; Templeton Prize (1983) ; Lomonosov Gold Medal (1998) ; State Prize of the Russian Federation (2007) ; International Botev Prize (2008) ;
Pasangan	Natalia Alekseyevna Reshetovskaya; (1940–52; 1957–72) ; Natalia Dmitrievna Svetlova; (1973–2008; his death) ;
Anak	Yermolai Solzhenitsyn (born 1970) ; Ignat Solzhenitsyn (born 1972) ; Stepan Solzhenitsyn (born 1973) ; (all with Natalia Svetlova);
Laman web
	www.solzhenitsyn.ru

Aleksandr^[a] Isayevich^[b] Solzhenitsyn^[c] (/ˌsoʊlʒəˈniːtsɪn, ˌsɒl-/;^[2] 11 Disember 1918 – 3 Ogos 2008)^[3]^[4]^[5] ialah penulis novel, sejarawan, dan penulis cerita pendek Rusia. Solzhenitsyn telah dianugerahkan Hadiah Nobel dalam Kesusasteraan 1970 "untuk kekuatan etika yang mana beliau telah mengejar tradisi kesusasteraan Rusia yang amat diperlukan".^[6]

Catatan

^ Often Romanized to Alexandr or Alexander.
^ His father's given name was Isaakiy, which would normally result in the patronymic Isaakievich; however, the forms Isaakovich and Isayevich both appeared in official documents, the latter becoming the accepted version.
^ Bahasa Rusia: Алекса́ндр Иса́евич Солжени́цынcode: ru is deprecated ,IPA: [ɐlʲɪˈksandr ɪˈsaɪvʲɪtɕ səɫʐɨˈnʲitsɨn]

Rujukan

^ "Solzhenitsyn Flies Home, Vowing Moral Involvement ...", New York Times, 27 May 1994. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
^ "Solzhenitsyn". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
^ В Москве скончался Александр Солженицын [Alexander Solzhenitsyn died in Moscow], Gazeta (dalam bahasa Russian), RU, 4 August 2008CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "Alexandr Solzhenitsyn – Biographical".
^ Christopher Hitchens (4 August 2008). "Alexander Solzhenitsyn, 1918–2008". Slate Magazine.
^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 1970". Nobel Foundation. Dicapai pada 17 October 2008.

Rujukan

Tapak web rasmi
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1970
The Nobel Prize Internet Archive's page on Solzhenitsyn
Negative Analysis of Alexander Solzhenitsyn by the Stalin Society
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr I (1978), A World Split Apart (commencement address to the graduating class), Harvard University: OrthodoxyToday.org, dicapai pada 9 August 2014.
Der Spiegel interviews Alexander Solzhenitsyn: 'I Am Not Afraid of Death' Der Spiegel 23 July 2007
Vermont Recluse Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
The Solzhenitsyn Reader: New and Essential Writings, 1947–2005 Diarkibkan 2011-08-07 di Wayback Machine
The Leaders and the Dreamers – Russia Profile

[2] Often Romanized to Alexandr or Alexander.

[3] His father's given name was Isaakiy, which would normally result in the patronymic Isaakievich; however, the forms Isaakovich and Isayevich both appeared in official documents, the latter becoming the accepted version.

[4] Bahasa Rusia: Алекса́ндр Иса́евич Солжени́цынcode: ru is deprecated ,IPA: [ɐlʲɪˈksandr ɪˈsaɪvʲɪtɕ səɫʐɨˈnʲitsɨn]

[1] "Solzhenitsyn Flies Home, Vowing Moral Involvement ...", New York Times, 27 May 1994. Retrieved 29 May 2014.

[5] "Solzhenitsyn". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.

[test-6] В Москве скончался Александр Солженицын [Alexander Solzhenitsyn died in Moscow], Gazeta (dalam bahasa Russian), RU, 4 August 2008CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[7] "Alexandr Solzhenitsyn – Biographical".

[8] Christopher Hitchens (4 August 2008). "Alexander Solzhenitsyn, 1918–2008". Slate Magazine.

[Noble-9] "Nobel Prize in Literature 1970". Nobel Foundation. Dicapai pada 17 October 2008.

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l b s Penerima Hadiah Nobel dalam Kesusasteraan
1901–1925	1901 Sully Prudhomme 1902 Theodor Mommsen 1903 Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson 1904 Frédéric Mistral / José Echegaray 1905 Henryk Sienkiewicz 1906 Giosuè Carducci 1907 Rudyard Kipling 1908 Rudolf Eucken 1909 Selma Lagerlöf 1910 Paul Heyse 1911 Maurice Maeterlinck 1912 Gerhart Hauptmann 1913 Rabindranath Tagore 1914 1915 Romain Rolland 1916 Verner von Heidenstam 1917 Karl Gjellerup / Henrik Pontoppidan 1918 1919 Carl Spitteler 1920 Knut Hamsun 1921 Anatole France 1922 Jacinto Benavente 1923 W. B. Yeats 1924 Władysław Reymont 1925 George Bernard Shaw
1926–1950	1926 Grazia Deledda 1927 Henri Bergson 1928 Sigrid Undset 1929 Thomas Mann 1930 Sinclair Lewis 1931 Erik Axel Karlfeldt 1932 John Galsworthy 1933 Ivan Bunin 1934 Luigi Pirandello 1935 1936 Eugene O'Neill 1937 Roger Martin du Gard 1938 Pearl S. Buck 1939 Frans Eemil Sillanpää 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 Johannes V. Jensen 1945 Gabriela Mistral 1946 Hermann Hesse 1947 André Gide 1948 T. S. Eliot 1949 William Faulkner 1950 Bertrand Russell
1951–1975	1951 Pär Lagerkvist 1952 François Mauriac 1953 Winston Churchill 1954 Ernest Hemingway 1955 Halldór Laxness 1956 Juan Ramón Jiménez 1957 Albert Camus 1958 Boris Pasternak 1959 Salvatore Quasimodo 1960 Saint-John Perse 1961 Ivo Andrić 1962 John Steinbeck 1963 Giorgos Seferis 1964 Jean-Paul Sartre (anugerah ditolak) 1965 Mikhail Sholokhov 1966 Shmuel Yosef Agnon / Nelly Sachs 1967 Miguel Ángel Asturias 1968 Yasunari Kawabata 1969 Samuel Beckett 1970 Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn 1971 Pablo Neruda 1972 Heinrich Böll 1973 Patrick White 1974 Eyvind Johnson / Harry Martinson 1975 Eugenio Montale
1976–2000	1976 Saul Bellow 1977 Vicente Aleixandre 1978 Isaac Bashevis Singer 1979 Odysseas Elytis 1980 Czesław Miłosz 1981 Elias Canetti 1982 Gabriel García Márquez 1983 William Golding 1984 Jaroslav Seifert 1985 Claude Simon 1986 Wole Soyinka 1987 Joseph Brodsky 1988 Naguib Mahfouz 1989 Camilo José Cela 1990 Octavio Paz 1991 Nadine Gordimer 1992 Derek Walcott 1993 Toni Morrison 1994 Kenzaburō Ōe 1995 Seamus Heaney 1996 Wisława Szymborska 1997 Dario Fo 1998 José Saramago 1999 Günter Grass 2000 Gao Xingjian
2001–kini	2001 V. S. Naipaul 2002 Imre Kertész 2003 J. M. Coetzee 2004 Elfriede Jelinek 2005 Harold Pinter 2006 Orhan Pamuk 2007 Doris Lessing 2008 J. M. G. Le Clézio 2009 Herta Müller 2010 Mario Vargas Llosa 2011 Tomas Tranströmer 2012 Mo Yan 2013 Alice Munro 2014 Patrick Modiano 2015 Svetlana Alexievich 2016 Bob Dylan 2017 Kazuo Ishiguro 2018 Olga Tokarczuk 2019 Peter Handke 2020 Louise Glück 2021 Abdulrazak Gurnah 2022 Annie Ernaux 2023 Jon Fosse 2024 Han Kang

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