Papers by Nazik Elmalaika O S A HUSAIN
BMC research notes, Apr 2, 2024
Background A complete blood count (CBC) analysis is one of the most common conventional blood tes... more Background A complete blood count (CBC) analysis is one of the most common conventional blood tests that physicians frequently prescribe. The objective of this study was to determine the reference intervals (RIs) of CBC parameters in the population of healthy adults living in the western Sudan region. Methods A cross-sectional study of healthy people residing in the western area of Sudan was carried out. We assessed the CBC RIs in samples taken from 153 individuals using an automated haematology analyser (Sysmex KX-21) and a modified Box-Cox transformation procedure to transform the data into a Gaussian distribution after eliminating outliers using the Dixon method. IBM SPSS Statistics version 25 was used to analyse the data, and t tests were employed to examine variations in the mean CBC parameters according to sex and age. P was considered significant at ≤ 0.05. Results Beyond all the other measured values, the only CBC parameters that significantly differed between the sexes were haemoglobin (HGB) and white blood cell (WBC) counts. Women were found to experience more WBC counts than men did. However, they have less HGB RIs.The male participants in our study exhibited lower WBC count RIs, a significantly lower limit, and a greater upper limit of platelet RIs than did the individuals from other nations. Conclusions Compared with males, females had higher platelet and WBC counts and lower HGB.
Research Square (Research Square), Dec 22, 2023
Background: This study explores anemia in Sudanese children with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) o... more Background: This study explores anemia in Sudanese children with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis, focusing on the effectiveness of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rHuEPO) treatment. It aims to assess myeloid response and classify anemia types using reticulocyte parameters and β-globin mRNA expression. Methods: Conducted in Khartoum State hospitals, the study included anemic children (≤15 years) undergoing hemodialysis and rHuEPO treatment. Flow Cytometry and RT-PCR were used to evaluate reticulocyte parameters and β-globin mRNA expression, respectively. Statistical analyses included Pearson correlation, logistic regression, and Receiver Operator Characteristics (ROC) curves. Results: This study evaluated β-globin gene expression in 45 anemic Sudanese children using RT-PCR, revealing variable expression levels ranging from 1.2 to 5.3 folds. Flow Cytometry showed signi cant correlations with mRNA Fold Change Expression (FCE). Gated Mature Reticulocytes and Immature Reticulocyte Fraction (IRF) positively correlated with FCE (p-values <0.0001 and 0.0258, respectively), whereas Hemoglobin Content of Reticulocytes (CHr) had a negative correlation (p = 0.0022). Gender analysis indicated a signi cant association between gender and IRF, with males showing lower IRF (p = 0.017), supported by area under the curve (AUC) analysis (AUC = 0.800). Flow Cytometry reticulocyte count correlated strongly with mRNA expression (β = 0.1018, p < 0.0001). There was no signi cant gender differences in hemoglobin levels (p = 0.999), but a strong positive correlation between hemoglobin and βglobin mRNA expression (r = 0.875, p < 0.000) was observed. Age was identi ed as a signi cant predictor of CHr (β = 0.394, p = 0.039). Conclusion: Signi cant variability in β-globin gene expression was observed. Flow Cytometry parameters showed strong correlations with mRNA expression. Gender differences in uenced IRF levels, with males showing lower IRF. CHr and percentage of hypochromic red blood cells (%Hypo) were effective in assessing iron status and guiding rHuEPO dosage. The study highlights the potential of β-globin mRNA and reticulocyte parameters in diagnosing and monitoring anemia in pediatric ESRD patients. It underscores the need for precise, gender-speci c approaches in treatment, laying a foundation for future research and improved therapeutic strategies.
Radiotherapy and Oncology, Feb 1, 2015
PubMed, Oct 1, 1997
Silver colloid staining of nucleolar organiser regions (AgNORs) is used for assessing the prolife... more Silver colloid staining of nucleolar organiser regions (AgNORs) is used for assessing the proliferative potential of tumours. The present study aimed at evaluating the AgNOR indices in normal and reactive CNS tissue, benign and malignant CNS neoplasms. The study group comprised of tissue from 22 controls and 100 cases (53 benign & 47 malignant neoplasms). The mean AgNOR index of controls was 0.95, benign neoplasms 1.25 and malignant neoplasms 2.12. A statistically significant difference was observed in controls and cases (p < 0.001) and between benign and malignant tumours (p = 0.002). Mean indices for low and high grade astrocytoma also significantly differed (p < 0.001). Using ROC curves cut off values were obtained for differentiation of neoplastic from non neoplastic (AgNOR index 1.10), benign from malignant (AgNOR index 1.75) and low grade (I & II) from anaplastic (Gr III & IV) Astrocytomas (AgNOR index 1.62). A spectrum of gradually increasing AgNOR indices from normal, reactive, benign to low and high grade malignancy indicates the usefulness of this simple technique as a proliferative marker.
Journal of Thoracic Oncology, 2018
Research Square (Research Square), Feb 28, 2022
Background: Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA) has become an essential, critical preoperative and scree... more Background: Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA) has become an essential, critical preoperative and screening test for breast masses. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the role of Diastase-Resistant Periodic Acid Schiff (DPAS) in improving the e cacy of FNA in the detection of cytological changes in breast lumps. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study carried out in Khartoum state (Sudan), among Sudanese women who suffered from breast lumps. FNA samples were collected from each patient, and the material was simultaneously smeared onto two labeled glass slides.. DPAS score and AC grade were expressed as mean±SD, and the 95% con dence intervals (CIs) of the means were calculated. Results: The ndings revealed that the DPAS scores were found as follows; negative (±) 28(13.9%), one plus (+) 114(56.7%), two plus (++) 27(13.4%) and three-plus (+++) 32(15.9%). The analysis of DPAS scores versus the cytological categories (cytology results) revealed that DPAS positivity (++, +++) correlated best with malignancy. Out of the two hundred and one patient's Aspiration cytology (AC) grades among studied women according to the International Academy of Cytology (IAC) system were found as follows; AC2 30(14.9%), AC3 112(55.7%), AC4 27(13.4%) and AC5 32(15.9%). Eleven cases were upgraded from suspicious of malignancy in AC4 to malignant on AC5. On the others hand, there was a statistically signi cant association between aspiration cytology grades and cytology results, malignant ndings signi cantly associated with AC grade 5. Conclusions: DPAS positivity within atypical cells in FNA aspirates may assist in upgrading from a suspicious to a malignant diagnostic result.
Biomedical Research and Therapy, Aug 31, 2022
Background: Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) has become an essential, critical test for breast masses... more Background: Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) has become an essential, critical test for breast masses. This study aimed to determine the value of diastase-resistant periodic acid-Schiff (DPAS) staining in the detection of malignant breast cells. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Khartoum state (Sudan) among Sudanese women who suffered from breast lumps. FNA samples were collected from each patient, and the material was simultaneously smeared onto two labeled glass slides. The DPAS score and aspiration cytology (AC) grade are expressed as mean ± SD, and the 95% confidence intervals of the means were calculated. Results: The findings revealed the following DPAS score frequencies among the studied women: negative (±) (28, 13.9%), one plus (+) (114, 56.7%), two plus (++) (27, 13.4%), and three-plus (+++) (32, 15.9%). Comparison of DPAS scores with the cytological categories (cytology results) revealed that DPAS positivity (++, +++) correlated best with malignancy. Of the 201 patients, the AC grades according to the International Academy of Cytology (IAC) system were: AC2 (30, 14.9%), AC3 (112, 55.7%), AC4 (27, 13.4%), and AC5 (32, 15.9%). Conclusions: DPAS positivity in atypical cells in FNA aspirates may assist in upgrading from a suspicious to a malignant diagnosis in women with breast lumps.
Sudan journal of medical sciences, Dec 28, 2017
Background: Beta2 (2) agonists as relievers and corticosteroids as controllers are the mainstay d... more Background: Beta2 (2) agonists as relievers and corticosteroids as controllers are the mainstay drugs for asthma treatment. Benign Joint Hypermobility Syndrome (BJHS) is a connective tissue disorder with musculoskeletal symptoms. We had examined the possible association between the use of 2 agonists and corticosteroids and acquiring BJHS in asthmatic patients. Methods: This was a case-control, hospitalbased study including a group of asthmatics who had BJHS (cases), compared with a matched group of asthmatics without BJHS (controls) for the 2 agonists and corticosteroids past and current pattern of use. Information was collected by faceto-face interview and clinical examination and from subjects' medical records using pre-structured questionnaire. BJHS diagnosis was based on the revised Brighton criteria. Asthma severity was reflected by a score, which was calculated from the asthma questionnaire. Comparison of exposure was done by Calculation of Odds Ratio. Results: Development of BJHS was found to be significantly associated with chronicity of asthma of average duration of 13.2 years, and hence to prolonged use of 2 agonists and/or corticosteroids (OR 1.019; 95% CI 0.999-1.039, P=0.006). Exposure to 2 agonist and corticosteroid (87 and 79 cases and controls respectively P=0.05) high asthma score (42.9 ± 9.8 and 40.4 ± 8.3 among cases and controls respectively, P=0.011) were significantly associated with the development of BJHS. Conclusion: Frequent and prolonged use of 2 agonists and corticosteroids is significantly associated with acquiring BJHS. Implying a possibility of changing approach and handling in asthmatics follow up. Prospective and experimental studies are needed to support the evidence of association.
Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences
Background: Providing quality medical education in Sudan faces challenges due to armed conflicts.... more Background: Providing quality medical education in Sudan faces challenges due to armed conflicts. This short communication explores practical solutions for ensuring the continuity of medical education during the conflict in the Sudanese context. Methods: A comprehensive literature review covered relevant articles published from 1915 to 2023. Four major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) were searched using keywords related to medical education, war, armed conflict, and affected countries. Data synthesis identified common themes, challenges, and trends and suggested solutions for medical education in conflict zones. Case studies from Ukraine, Liberia, and Iraq were included for a comprehensive understanding. Results: Collaborative alliances among medical schools facilitate resource sharing and support. Engaging the Sudanese diaspora through virtual collaborations, mentorship programs, and faculty exchanges enhance educational experiences. Stable regions as...
International journal of multidisciplinary and current research, 2016
Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited disease characterized by a complex and vari... more Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited disease characterized by a complex and varied physiopathology and exhibits wide clinical diversity. SCA’s variability and pose significant management challenges to caregivers and physicians alike. Objectives: We therefore introduced to correlate the clinical severity of SCD in Sudanese Patients and L.selectin gene polymorphisms. Result: There was significant association between these gene polymorphisms and high expression of L-selectin by leukocytes, or the development of complications in SCD, Chi squared (χ2) = 0.000 (P < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings indicated that the (P213S) polymorphism of L‐selectin gene may contribute to susceptibility to vasoocclusive crisis and more severe situation in the Sudanese patients with homozygous Sickle Cell disease.
International Journal of Genetics and Genomics, 2019
N-acetyltransferase 2 (encoded by NAT2) is a phase II enzyme that detoxifies and metabolizes xeno... more N-acetyltransferase 2 (encoded by NAT2) is a phase II enzyme that detoxifies and metabolizes xenobiotics and drugs components. It is a critical enzyme in clinical pharmacology. It has remarkable genetic polymorphisms, which is associated with the risk of developing cancer due to the change of normally fast acetylation of substrates to slow acetylation. This study assessed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding region and (3ʹUTR) of NAT2. Computational approaches were used in this study for functional and structural effects of NAT2 gene. SNPs. Were retrieved from NCBI SNPsdatabase. TheNAT2 protein sequence and amino acid change were used as an input to the SIFT, PolyPhen-2, PhD-SNP, SNPs& GO, SNPAnalyzer, I-Mutant 3.0 and PMut to determine the deleterious and SNPs conditions. Other software for predication of the structural change were Mutation3D, Chimera and Project HOPE. GeneMANIA software was used to show gene-gene interaction. PolymiRTs was used to investigate the disruption or creation of SNPs of miRNA region. In Homosapiens182 were nonsynonymous SNPs (nsSNPs), 60 synonymous SNPs, 48 3ʹUTRSNPs and 19 5ʹUTR SNPs. A total, 65 of thosensSNPs were predicted to be highly damaging with 3-6 score rates when analyzed with six software. Recomputation of results with I-Mutant 3.0 showed adecrease in the effective stability of the protein due to 55 nsSNPs. Consequent structural changes were shown using Project HOPE and Chimera. NAT2 is a highly polymorphic gene; the majority of deleterious NAT2SNPs are nsSNPs that alter the physiochemical and structural properties of the protein, possibly leading to the loss or distortion of the protein's ability to detoxify and metabolize xenobiotic and aromatic amine compounds. There were three SNPs at the 3ʹUTR that changed the miRNA binding sites, which might affect the gene regulation.
RESEARCH
Background: The PAX1 gene is a member of paired Pax family that develops control genes that which... more Background: The PAX1 gene is a member of paired Pax family that develops control genes that which encodes transcription factor. This gene plays critical roles during fetal development and during embryogenesis and essential for development of the vertebral column. It is located in chromosome 20 at position 11.22 causing Klippel-Feil Syndrome. Materials and methods: The nsSNPs of PAX1 gene were obtained from NCBI dbSNP database and were analyzed using computational bioinformatics tools. They were analyzed by (SIFT, Polyphen-2, Provean, I-mutant, SNPs& GO, PHD, GeneMANIA and Project Hope software). Results: The total number of SNPs collected from NCBI database were 4148, 164 SNPs were in the coding region, 38 in the 3´UTRs, 3 in the 5´UTRs. Only SNPs that were found in the coding region were analyzed. Four nsSNPs were found to be deleterious and having high score in all software used (rs143731938, rs147752664, rs199692693, rs372580256), they were also predicted to change protein stability.
Expert opinion on drug safety, Jan 2, 2015
The combination of ezetimibe and atorvastatin (Liptruzet - referred to in this article as eze/ato... more The combination of ezetimibe and atorvastatin (Liptruzet - referred to in this article as eze/ator), has recently been approved by the FDA for reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) in patients with primary or mixed hyperlipidemia as in case of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. It helps block intestinal absorption of cholesterol and it inhibits the production of cholesterol in the liver. Areas covered:The safety and effectiveness of the eze/ator combination as treatment of hyperlipidemia. Medline was searched for atorvastatin and/or ezetimibe. Expert opinion:The combination of (eze/ator) is proven to be effective in lowering LDL-c. It is not only a safe and effective treatment of hyperlipidemia, but it also reduces inflammatory markers and atherosclerosis. It is not yet clear, however, whether the combination therapy can decrease the risk of diabetes associated with statin administration. Insulin sensitivity is improved by the single administration of ezetimibe...
International Journal of Endocrinology
Background and Aim. The adiponectin gene (ADIPQ) has been identified as a human adiposity marker ... more Background and Aim. The adiponectin gene (ADIPQ) has been identified as a human adiposity marker of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in several ethnic cultures. This study aimed to determine the allelic genotypes and haplotypes distribution of the ADIPQ gene polymorphisms and its association with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and lipid profile in MetS adult Sudanese patients. Methodology. Four hundred and twenty middle-aged adults participated in this community-based case-control research. BMI (kg/m2) and blood pressure (BP) were measured. HbA1c (%) and lipid profile evaluation was performed on fasting blood samples. The guanidine extraction procedure was used to extract genomic DNA from EDTA whole blood by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP); samples were genotyped for the polymorphisms (rs266729), (rs2241766), and (rs1501299). Results. There is a significant difference in genotypic frequencies...
African Health Sciences
Background: Determining the risk of malignant behaviour and mutational status of gastrointestinal... more Background: Determining the risk of malignant behaviour and mutational status of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) guide the management decision and allow optimal individualized patient treatment. Objectives: To determine clinicopathological, immunohistochemical (IHC), risk and KIT mutational findings of GISTs in Sudanese patients. Methods: Histological slides were reviewed, IHC for DOG-1 and CD117 performed and hotspot KIT mutations examined. The risk group was assigned using combined risk criteria. Results: 21 of the 36 patients (58.3%) were males (mean age, 54.83 ±12.57; range, 26-71). Abdominal pain and mass were the most frequent symptoms. Mean tumor size (±SD) was 11.6(±5.82) cm. Either CD117, DOG1 or both were positive in all cases. Using risk criteria, 33.3% (n=12) were clinically malignant at presentation, 13.9% (n=5) high risk, 16.7% (n=6) intermediate, 27.8% (n=10) low risk and 2.8% (n=1) very low risk. Sixteen of 23 (70%) tested cases had KIT (14 exon 11 and two e...
Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences
This is an Editorial and does not have an abstract. Please download the PDF or view the article H... more This is an Editorial and does not have an abstract. Please download the PDF or view the article HTML.
Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2021
Premature menopause can occur in women living with human HIV. In this study, we analyzed and revi... more Premature menopause can occur in women living with human HIV. In this study, we analyzed and reviewed published literature using the PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases since the year 1990 using a combination of MeSH terms such as “Early,” “Premature,” “Menopause,” “HIV,” and “Hormones.” Monitoring and implementation of targeted interventions for premature or early menopause among HIV-infected women might prevent or delay complications such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, and mental health issues.
Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders
Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences, 2022
This is an Editorial and does not have an abstract. Please download the PDF or view the article H... more This is an Editorial and does not have an abstract. Please download the PDF or view the article HTML.
Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences, 2008
Background: Urinary bladder neoplasm (UBN) is associated with high morbidity and mortality rate. ... more Background: Urinary bladder neoplasm (UBN) is associated with high morbidity and mortality rate. It poses biologic and clinical challenges. Objectives: To evaluate the pattern as regards frequency, age, sex, occupation, local geographical distribution, clinical presentations and risk factors of UBN in Sudanese patients in Khartoum State. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted in the period from January 2004 through December 2005 at three centres in Khartoum State. One hundred and six patients with urinary bladder neoplasms were included in the study. Results: The commonest affected age group was 60-80 years with male to female ratio 4.6:1. Urinary bladder neoplasms have some ethno-geographic variations in Sudan. The majority of these patients were from the Northern and Western regions. Conclusion: There is significant relationship between urinary schistosomal infestation and the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder among Sudanese patients.
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Papers by Nazik Elmalaika O S A HUSAIN