ساماريوم

Samarium, ₆₂Sm
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/səˈmɛəriəm/ ; sə-MAIR-ee-əm
Appearance	silvery white
Samarium په دوراني جدول کې
promethium ← samarium → europium	‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	62
گروپ, پیریود	group n/a, period 6
بلاک	f-block
Element category	lanthanide
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	کينډۍ:Val
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f6 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	1345 K (1072 °C, 1962 °F)
يشنا ټکی	2173 K (1900 °C, 3452 °F)
Density near r.t.	7.52 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	7.16 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	8.62 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	192 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	29.54 J/(mol·K)
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	4, 3, 2, 1 (a mildly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.17
Ionization energies	1st: 544.5 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1070 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 2260 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 180 pm
Covalent radius	198±8 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	rhombohedral Rhombohedral crystal structure for samarium
Speed of sound thin rod	2130 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	(r.t.) (α, poly) 12.7 µm/(m·K)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	13.3 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	(r.t.) (α, poly) 0.940 µΩ·m
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	+1860.0·10−6 cm3/mol (291 K)
Young's modulus	α form: 49.7 GPa
Shear modulus	α form: 19.5 GPa
Bulk modulus	α form: 37.8 GPa
Poisson ratio	α form: 0.274
Vickers hardness	410–440 MPa
Brinell hardness	440–600 MPa
CAS Number	7440-19-9
History
Naming	after the mineral samarskite (itself named after Vasili Samarsky-Bykhovets)
Discovery and first isolation	Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1879)
Main isotopes of samarium
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ساماريوم (په انگرېزي: Samarium) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Sm سمبول او ۶۲ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

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↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.

[CIAAW2016-1] Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)

[magnet-2] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[3] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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