د ويکيپېډيا، وړیا پوهنغونډ له خوا
Cerium, 58Ce |
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| Pronunciation | /ˈsɪəriəm/ |
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| Appearance | silvery white |
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| اټومي شمیره (Z) | 58 |
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| گروپ, پیریود | group n/a, period 6 |
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| بلاک | f-block |
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| Element category | lanthanide |
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| معياري اټومي وزن (Ar) | کينډۍ:Val[۱] |
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| Electron configuration | [Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2[۲] |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2 |
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| حالت (at STP) | جامد |
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| دويلې کيدو ټکى | 1068 K (795 °C, 1463 °F) |
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| يشنا ټکی | 3716 K (3443 °C, 6229 °F) |
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| Density near r.t. | 6.770 g/cm3 |
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| when liquid, at m.p. | 6.55 g/cm3 |
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| Heat of fusion | 5.46 kJ/mol |
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| Heat of vaporization | 398 kJ/mol |
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| Molar heat capacity | 26.94 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapor pressure
| P (Pa)
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1
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10
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100
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1 k
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10 k
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100 k
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| at T (K)
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1992
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2194
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2442
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2754
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3159
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3705
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| Oxidation states | 4, 3, 2, 1 (a mildly basic oxide) |
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| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.12 |
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| Ionization energies | - 1st: 534.4 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1050 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 1949 kJ/mol
- (more)
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| Atomic radius | empirical: 181.8 pm |
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| Covalent radius | 204±9 pm |
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| Crystal structure | double hexagonal close-packed (dhcp) Double hexagonal close packed crystal structure for cerium
β-Ce |
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| Crystal structure | face-centered cubic (fcc) Face-centered cubic crystal structure for cerium
γ-Ce |
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| Speed of sound thin rod | 2100 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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| Thermal expansion | γ, poly: 6.3 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.) |
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| د تودوخې تېرېدنه | 11.3 W/(m·K) |
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| Electrical resistivity | β, poly: 828 nΩ·m (at r.t.) |
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| Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic[۳] |
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| Magnetic susceptibility (χmol) | (β) +2450.0·10−6 cm3/mol (293 K)[۴] |
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| Young's modulus | γ form: 33.6 GPa |
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| Shear modulus | γ form: 13.5 GPa |
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| Bulk modulus | γ form: 21.5 GPa |
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| Poisson ratio | γ form: 0.24 |
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| Mohs hardness | 2.5 |
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| Vickers hardness | 210–470 MPa |
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| Brinell hardness | 186–412 MPa |
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| CAS Number | 7440-45-1 |
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| Naming | after dwarf planet Ceres, itself named after Roman deity of agriculture Ceres |
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| Discovery | Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger (1803) |
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| First isolation | Carl Gustaf Mosander (1838) |
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| | references | in Wikidata |
سېريوم (په انگرېزي: Cerium) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Ce سمبول او ۵۸ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.
- ↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ↑ Ground levels and ionization energies for the neutral atoms, NIST
- ↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
- ↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
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 دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.
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