New transgenic evidence for a system of sympathetic axons able to express tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) within arterial/arteriolar walls

Blood. 2006 Jul 1;108(1):200-2. doi: 10.1182/blood-2005-12-4884. Epub 2006 Mar 2.

Abstract

Sympathetic axons embedded in a few arterioles and vasa vasora were recently shown to store tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) in vesicles. But the extension of such t-PA axons to arteries and arterioles throughout the organism has not been verified. Confirmation of this anatomy would identify a second significant source of vessel wall t-PA. To visualize fine embedded axons independent of endothelium, we created a transgenic mouse whose expressions of the t-PA promoter and enhanced green fluorescent protein are confined to sympathetic neurons and other neural crest derivatives. Confocal images reveal the extension of t-PA axons to arterioles serving heart, brain, kidney, lung, mesentery, and skin; plus aortic, carotid, and mesenteric artery walls. Ganglion neurons and adrenal chromaffin cells also show strong expressions. These new sightings confirm the existence of a system of t-PA axons that is prominent in arterioles, and compatible with the release of neural t-PA into their walls.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Arteries / innervation*
  • Arteries / metabolism
  • Arteries / ultrastructure
  • Arterioles / innervation*
  • Arterioles / metabolism
  • Arterioles / ultrastructure
  • Axons / metabolism*
  • Cell Line
  • Female
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins / biosynthesis
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins / genetics
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Mice, Transgenic
  • Sympathetic Nervous System / metabolism*
  • Tissue Plasminogen Activator / biosynthesis*
  • Tissue Plasminogen Activator / metabolism

Substances

  • enhanced green fluorescent protein
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins
  • Tissue Plasminogen Activator
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