Abstract
We recently described the purification and cloning of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1), which appears to play a pivotal role in converting tyrosine phosphorylation into the serine/threonine phosphorylations that regulate downstream events. We now describe cloning and characterization of two ERK1-related kinases, ERK2 and ERK3, and provide evidence suggesting that there are additional ERK family members. At least two of the ERKs are activated in response to growth factors; their activations correlate with tyrosine phophorylation, but also depend on additional modifications. Transcripts corresponding to the three cloned ERKs are distinctly regulated both in vivo and in a differentiating cell line. Thus, this family of kinases may serve as intermediates that depend on tyrosine phosphorylation to activate serine/threonine phosphorylation cascades. Individual family members may mediate responses in different developmental stages, in different cell types, or following exposure to different extracellular signals.
Publication types
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Comparative Study
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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Amino Acid Sequence
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Animals
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Astrocytes / enzymology
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Base Sequence
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Cell Line
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Cells, Cultured
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Cloning, Molecular
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Enzyme Activation
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Hippocampus / enzymology
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Humans
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Insulin / pharmacology*
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 6
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases*
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Molecular Sequence Data
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Nerve Growth Factors / pharmacology*
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Organ Specificity
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Phosphorylation
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Protein Kinases / genetics*
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Protein Kinases / isolation & purification
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Protein Kinases / metabolism
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Pseudogenes
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Rats
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Recombinant Proteins / metabolism
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Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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Teratoma
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Tyrosine
Substances
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Insulin
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Nerve Growth Factors
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Recombinant Proteins
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Tyrosine
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Protein Kinases
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 6
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
Associated data
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GENBANK/M60958
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GENBANK/M60959
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GENBANK/M60960
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GENBANK/M60961
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GENBANK/M60962
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GENBANK/M61177
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GENBANK/M64300
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GENBANK/M64301
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GENBANK/M64302
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GENBANK/M64383
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GENBANK/M64384