Papers by Dr.Mohamed Fathy Salem
Ecology and Evolution, 2016
Applied Soil Ecology, 2010
Greenhouse gas mitigation options include the production of carbonized materials and their additi... more Greenhouse gas mitigation options include the production of carbonized materials and their addition to soils for longer term storage. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a novel way to produce carbonized materials. The goal here was to test if HTC material, in our case derived from beet root chips, has adverse effects on plant growth or that of root associated symbionts such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. We carried out several studies, and found that increasing concentrations of HTC material could be deleterious for plant growth of Taraxacum, starting at 10 vol% additions. Conversely, root colonization of the fungal symbiont was stimulated at an addition of 20 vol%. Soil pH changes occurring during the study could be traced to microbial reduction reactions, and these led to a pH increase of the medium despite the quite acidic nature of the HTC material itself. In separate assays, we showed that spore germination of the AM fungus Glomus intraradices was stimulated by the HTC material, suggesting that direct effects on the fungi are likely in addition to those mediated by the host plant. A third experiment with a different plant species (Trifolium repens) confirmed the major conclusions, and showed also neutral to stimulatory effect on nodulation. Our results suggest that HTC materials should be carefully tested and optimized to reduce negative effects on plant growth before applications in the field are undertaken, particularly at high addition rates.
Phytochemicals as Lead Compounds for New Drug Discovery, 2020
Abstract Inflammation is defined as a physical condition with cardinal signs of redness, swelling... more Abstract Inflammation is defined as a physical condition with cardinal signs of redness, swelling, pain, heat, and loss of function. Certain phytochemicals, bioactive lead compounds, and therapeutic agents play a role in inhibiting most of severe conditions and often used as antiinflammatory agents for reducing inflammation. These components or molecular derivatives, also called as analgesics, act on certain cellular and immunological signals, which reduces the pain and swelling in that portion of the injury site. Some bioactive compounds which inhibit the inflammatory signaling mechanism includes acetylsalicylate, a key salt of aspirin tablet derived from Willow tree, cnidin a coumarin derivative, quercetin derived from phenols, and resolvins derived from the omega-3 fatty acid oxidations. These groups are plant derivatives and have a very strong antiinflammatory activity. This chapter details plant-derived metabolites or bioactive compounds and approved drugs having strong antiinflammatory effects for the treatment of various inflammatory disorders.
Molecular Biology Reports, 2019
Chinar (Platanus orientalis L.) is used in folk medicine against tooth and knee pain, wounds, inf... more Chinar (Platanus orientalis L.) is used in folk medicine against tooth and knee pain, wounds, inflammation, and stomach discomfort; however, the effects of P. orientalis leaf (PO-leaf) infusion on the liver and kidney are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties of an infusion obtained from dried P. orientalis leaves against ethanol-induced oxidative stress (OS) in rats. After a toxicity test, thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Control, Ethanol 20%, Ethanol 20% + Silymarin (10 mg/kg), Ethanol 20% + PO-20 mg/mL infusion, and Ethanol 20% + PO-60 mg/mL infusion. The PO-leaf infusion doses were given ad libitum during 28 days to test the biochemical and antioxidant enzyme levels. According to the results, the PO-leaf contained rich compounds such as benzaldehyde, palmitic acid, 2,4-ditert-butylphenol, stearic acid, octadecanoic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, kaempferol, and kaempferol derivatives. In the Ethanol group, AST, ALT, LDH, GGT, UA, and urea in the serum and GST and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver and erythrocyte tissues showed a significant increase compared to the Control group. AST, LDH, GGT, UA, and LDL-C levels in the serum and MDA (all tissues) significantly decreased in the Ethanol + PO-60 mg/ mL group compared to the Ethanol group. SOD, GPx, and CAT activities in the kidney tissue of the Ethanol group showed a significant decrease compared to the Control group, whereas the GPx activity in kidney tissue in all of the treatment groups increased significantly compared to the Ethanol group. These findings suggest that the administration of the determined PO-leaf infusion doses might have a protective role against ethanol-induced liver and kidney damage in rats.
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
Artemisia plants are traditional and ethnopharmacologically used to treat several diseases and in... more Artemisia plants are traditional and ethnopharmacologically used to treat several diseases and in addition in food, spices, and beverages. The genus is widely distributed in all continents except the Antarctica, and traditional medicine has been used as antimalarial, antioxidant, anticancer, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral agents. This review is aimed at systematizing scientific data on the geographical distribution, chemical composition, and pharmacological and toxicological profiles of the Artemisia genus. Data from the literature on Artemisia plants were taken using electronic databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science. Selected papers for this updated study included data about phytochemicals, preclinical pharmacological experimental studies with molecular mechanisms included, clinical studies, and toxicological and safety data. In addition, ancient texts and books were consulted. The essential oils and phytochemicals of the Artemisia genus hav...
ACS Omega, 2020
Quercetin (Que) and its derivatives are naturally occurring phytochemicals with promising bioacti... more Quercetin (Que) and its derivatives are naturally occurring phytochemicals with promising bioactive effects. The antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-Alzheimer's, antiarthritic, cardiovascular, and wound-healing effects of Que have been extensively investigated, as well as its anticancer activity against different cancer cell lines has been recently reported. Que and its derivatives are found predominantly in the Western diet, and people might benefit from their protective effect just by taking them via diets or as a food supplement. Bioavailability-related drug-delivery systems of Que have also been markedly exploited, and Que nanoparticles appear as a promising platform to enhance their bioavailability. The present review aims to provide a brief overview of the therapeutic effects, new insights, and upcoming perspectives of Que.
Nature Communications
In this article, the author name Antoinette Ngandjio was incorrectly written as Antoinette Ngandi... more In this article, the author name Antoinette Ngandjio was incorrectly written as Antoinette Ngandijo. In this article, the affiliation details for Author Sara Cuadros-Orellana were incorrectly given as 'Centro de Biotecnologνa de los Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Talca, Chile' but should have been '
Nature Communications
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global health. Understanding the emergence, e... more Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global health. Understanding the emergence, evolution, and transmission of individual antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is essential to develop sustainable strategies combatting this threat. Here, we use metagenomic sequencing to analyse ARGs in 757 sewage samples from 243 cities in 101 countries, collected from 2016 to 2019. We find regional patterns in resistomes, and these differ between subsets corresponding to drug classes and are partly driven by taxonomic variation. The genetic environments of 49 common ARGs are highly diverse, with most common ARGs carried by multiple distinct genomic contexts globally and sometimes on plasmids. Analysis of flanking sequence revealed ARG-specific patterns of dispersal limitation and global transmission. Our data furthermore suggest certain geographies are more prone to transmission events and should receive additional attention.
Polymers
The protection of persimmon fruits (Diospyros kaki L.) from postharvest fungal infestation with A... more The protection of persimmon fruits (Diospyros kaki L.) from postharvest fungal infestation with Alternaria alternata (A. alternate; black rot) is a major agricultural and economic demand worldwide. Edible coatings (ECs) based on biopolymers and phytocompounds were proposed to maintain fruit quality, especially with nanomaterials’ applications. Chitosan nanoparticles (NCt), rosmarinic acid bio-mediated selenium nanoparticles (RA/SeNPs) and their composites were produced, characterized and evaluated as ECs for managing persimmon black rot. The constructed NCt, RA/SeNPs and NCt/RA/SeNPs composite had diminished particles’ size diameters. The ECs solution of 1% NCt and NCt/RA/SeNPs composite led to a significant reduction of A. alternata radial growth in vitro, with 77.4 and 97.2%, respectively. The most powerful ECs formula contained 10 mg/mL from NCt/RA/SeNPs composite, which significantly reduced fungal growth than imazalil fungicide. The coating of persimmon with nanoparticles-based...
Future of Food: Journal on Food, Agriculture and Society, 2015
The nematicidal activity of mustard plant against hatching, migration and mortality of the root-k... more The nematicidal activity of mustard plant against hatching, migration and mortality of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica was investigated. In vitro test confirmed that mixing the sandy clay soil mixture with mustard as 4% as a biofumigant significantly reduce the percentage of egg hatching at all different incubation periods 24, 48, 72, 96 and 168 h, compared to control treatment (un-amended mixture soil and eggs in free water). Results indicate that the percentage of egg hatching reduction was 88.5, 90, 81.4, 74 and 69.4%, respectively. Mustard mixed with soil as a biofumigant led to high percentage of larval mortality at the different intervals periods in vitro. The percentage of larval mortality was 94, 100, 90.5, 90.5, and 79.4%, respectively compared to control. Laboratory results confirmed that the highest reduction in egg hatching and larval mortality was obtained after incubation period for 48 h. In vivo experiment reveals that the incorporation of the soil pots wi...
NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security, 2011
Biofumigation is a sustainable strategy to manage soil-borne pathogens, nematodes, insects, and w... more Biofumigation is a sustainable strategy to manage soil-borne pathogens, nematodes, insects, and weeds instead of methyl Bromide in developing countries including Egypt. Initially it was defined as the pest suppressive action of decomposing Brassica tissues, but ...
International Journal of Cardiology, 2005
Background: Percutaneous myocardial laser (PML) reduces symptoms in patients with intractable ang... more Background: Percutaneous myocardial laser (PML) reduces symptoms in patients with intractable angina. PML leads to a certain loss of viable myocardium, we therefore assessed if troponin or cardiac markers release may explain the clinical effect, and furthermore assessed the markers release during percutaneous sham procedures. Methods: Eighty-two patients with chronic refractory angina were randomized to either percutaneous myocardial laser or a true sham procedure. Cardiac markers were assessed before the procedure, and O, 2, 4, 6, and 10-12 h postprocedure. Results: Troponin I increased to median peak levels (range) of 4 (0.6-43) lg/L in the laser group vs. 1.5 (0.1-5.9) lg/L, p=0.001, and creatine kinase MB to 14 (6-357) Ag/L vs. 11 (3-40) Ag/L, pb0.05, within and between-group comparison, the rise of CK-MB occurred significantly earlier in the sham group, 3.8 vs. 2.5 h. A time-dependent between-group difference was only detected for troponin. 88% of sham and 100% of laser patients had marker levels above reference limits. There was no correlation between the number of laser/sham created channels, biomarker levels postprocedure, and changes in left ventricular ejection fraction or angina improvement during 12 months of follow-up. Conclusions: The release of cardiac markers is not related to relief of angina after myocardial laser. The use of intracardiac catheters induces a considerable marker release, which is not caused by acute ischemia. D
Journal of Food …
The current spreading of nanomaterial applications supports the search for further possible funct... more The current spreading of nanomaterial applications supports the search for further possible functions of theses diminutive particles. The antibacterial potentiality of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs), compared with conventional ZnO powder, against nine bacterial strains, mostly foodborne including pathogens, was evaluated using qualitative and quantitative assays. ZnO NP was more efficient as antibacterial agent than powder. Gram-positive bacteria were generally more sensitive to ZnO than Gram negatives. The exposure of Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus to their relevant minimal inhibitory concentrations from ZnO NP reduced the cell number to zero within 8 and 4 h, respectively. Scanning electron micrographs of the treated bacteria with NPs exhibited that the disruptive effect of ZnO on S. aureus was vigorous as all treated cells were completely exploded or lysed after only 4 h from exposure. Promising results of ZnO NP antibacterial activity suggest its usage in food systems as preservative agent after further required investigations and risk assessments.
… of the Science of Food and …
BACKGROUND: Feed contamination with mycotoxins is a major risk factor for animals and humans as s... more BACKGROUND: Feed contamination with mycotoxins is a major risk factor for animals and humans as several toxins can exist as residues in meat and milk products, giving rise to carry-over to consumers via ingestion of foods of animal origin. The starting point for prevention, in this chain, is to eliminate the growth of mycotoxigenic fungi in the animal forage. Ten plant extracts, recommended in Islamic medicine, were evaluated as antifungal agents against mycotoxigenic Aspergilli, i.e. Aspergillus flavus and A. ochraceus, growth in organic maize silage. .7%, respectively, whereas silage blending with the combined extracts completely prohibited fungal growth for up to 30 days of incubation under aerobic conditions. CONCLUSION: Besides the health promoting effects, silage blending with the bioactive plant extracts examined could lead to the required protection from pathogenic and mycotoxigenic fungi.
The novelty of applying pomegranate peel extract (PPE) as an
alternative, reduced-risk antifungal... more The novelty of applying pomegranate peel extract (PPE) as an
alternative, reduced-risk antifungal agent for controlling
citrus green mould invasion was investigated. Preliminary
results indicated that the most potent antifungal PPEs against
Penicillium digitatum isolates were those extracted with methanol,
ethanol and water, respectively, using both agar diffusion
assay and broth microdilution susceptibility test as
qualitative and quantitative tests. Aerosolization with PPE
confirmed its effectiveness as antifungal sanitizing agent
against P. digitatum. In vivo prevention and control of P. digitatum
invading harvested citrus fruit was successfully applied
by immersing wounded fruit in PPE solutions. Therefore, we
could recommend PPE application for the full control of citrus
green mould via sanitation of storage rooms and treatment of
harvested fruit.
Journal of the science of food and agriculture, Jan 20, 2015
The ongoing postharvest loss in citrus fruits, due to fungal infection, is a chronic economic and... more The ongoing postharvest loss in citrus fruits, due to fungal infection, is a chronic economic and agricultural problem. Most of citrus damages are caused by Penicillium spp., e.g. green mold by P. digitatum and blue mold by P. italicum. Fungal chitosan, from Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts from cress seeds, olive leaves, pomegranate peels and senna pods, were evaluated as antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum, using in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays. The entire natural agents exhibited potent antifungal activity; the most powerful agent was cress (Lepidium sativum) seed extract and the following was pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract. Fungal chitosan had also a remarkable fungicidal potentiality using both evaluation assays. P. digitatum was generally more resistant than P. italicum toward all examined agents. The incorporation of each individual natural agent in coating material resulted in great reduction in fungal gr...
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Papers by Dr.Mohamed Fathy Salem
alternative, reduced-risk antifungal agent for controlling
citrus green mould invasion was investigated. Preliminary
results indicated that the most potent antifungal PPEs against
Penicillium digitatum isolates were those extracted with methanol,
ethanol and water, respectively, using both agar diffusion
assay and broth microdilution susceptibility test as
qualitative and quantitative tests. Aerosolization with PPE
confirmed its effectiveness as antifungal sanitizing agent
against P. digitatum. In vivo prevention and control of P. digitatum
invading harvested citrus fruit was successfully applied
by immersing wounded fruit in PPE solutions. Therefore, we
could recommend PPE application for the full control of citrus
green mould via sanitation of storage rooms and treatment of
harvested fruit.
alternative, reduced-risk antifungal agent for controlling
citrus green mould invasion was investigated. Preliminary
results indicated that the most potent antifungal PPEs against
Penicillium digitatum isolates were those extracted with methanol,
ethanol and water, respectively, using both agar diffusion
assay and broth microdilution susceptibility test as
qualitative and quantitative tests. Aerosolization with PPE
confirmed its effectiveness as antifungal sanitizing agent
against P. digitatum. In vivo prevention and control of P. digitatum
invading harvested citrus fruit was successfully applied
by immersing wounded fruit in PPE solutions. Therefore, we
could recommend PPE application for the full control of citrus
green mould via sanitation of storage rooms and treatment of
harvested fruit.