Totalitarizam

Totalitarizam, rjeđe totalna vlast ili totalna vladavina, je izraz kojim se od druge polovine 20. veka tradicionalno opisuju politički sistemi u kojima država posjeduje potpunu kontrolu nad društvom, odnosno nastoji nadzirati i upravljati svim aspektima javnog i privatnog života.

Kao pojam je prvi put upotrebljen od Giovannija Gentilea, jednog od ideologa italijanskog fašizma koji je tvrdio da će totalitarna država pružiti "totalnu reprezentativnost nacije i totalne smjernice u ispunjavanju nacionalnih ciljeva". Tokom hladnog rata pojam totalitarizma je postao popularan u zapadnim antikomunističkim državama gde se iz propagandnih razloga inzistiralo na pronalaženju što većih sličnosti nacističke Nemačke i komunističkog Sovjetskog Saveza ^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]. Posle završetka hladnog rata su zapadni mediji počeli koristiti pojam totalitarizma za opis drugih država koje smatraju svojim neprijateljima (Irak pod Sadamom Huseinom ^[6].

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↑ Andrew Defty, Britain, America and Anti-Communist Propaganda 1945-1953: The Information Research Department, 2007, chapters 2-5
↑ Achim Siegel, The totalitarian paradigm after the end of Communism: towards a theoretical reassessment, 1998, page 200 "Concepts of totalitarianism became most widespread at the height of the Cold War. Since the late 1940s, especially since the Korean War, they were condensed into a far-reaching, even hegemonic, ideology, by which the political elites of the Western world tried to explain and even to justify the Cold War constellation"
↑ Nicholas Guilhot, The democracy makers: human rights and international order, 2005, page 33 "The opposition between the West and Soviet totalitarianism was often presented as an opposition both moral and epistemological between truth and falsehood. The democratic, social, and economic credentials of the Soviet Union were typically seen as "lies" and as the product of a deliberate and multiform propaganda...In this context, the concept of totalitarianism was itself an asset. As it made possible the conversion of prewar anti-fascism into postwar anti-communism
↑ David Caute, Politics and the novel during the Cold War, 2009, pages 95-99
↑ George A Reisch, How the Cold War transformed philosophy of science: to the icy slopes of logic, 2005, pages 153-154
↑ Saddam Husein^{[mrtav link]}

[1] Andrew Defty, Britain, America and Anti-Communist Propaganda 1945-1953: The Information Research Department, 2007, chapters 2-5

[2] Achim Siegel, The totalitarian paradigm after the end of Communism: towards a theoretical reassessment, 1998, page 200 "Concepts of totalitarianism became most widespread at the height of the Cold War. Since the late 1940s, especially since the Korean War, they were condensed into a far-reaching, even hegemonic, ideology, by which the political elites of the Western world tried to explain and even to justify the Cold War constellation"

[3] Nicholas Guilhot, The democracy makers: human rights and international order, 2005, page 33 "The opposition between the West and Soviet totalitarianism was often presented as an opposition both moral and epistemological between truth and falsehood. The democratic, social, and economic credentials of the Soviet Union were typically seen as "lies" and as the product of a deliberate and multiform propaganda...In this context, the concept of totalitarianism was itself an asset. As it made possible the conversion of prewar anti-fascism into postwar anti-communism

[4] David Caute, Politics and the novel during the Cold War, 2009, pages 95-99

[5] George A Reisch, How the Cold War transformed philosophy of science: to the icy slopes of logic, 2005, pages 153-154

[6] Saddam Husein^{[mrtav link]}

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