1278
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 12th century – 13th century – 14th century |
| Decades: | 1240s 1250s 1260s – 1270s – 1280s 1290s 1300s |
| Years: | 1275 1276 1277 – 1278 – 1279 1280 1281 |
| Gregorian calendar | 1278 MCCLXXVIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2031 |
| Armenian calendar | 727 ԹՎ ՉԻԷ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6028 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1199–1200 |
| Bengali calendar | 685 |
| Berber calendar | 2228 |
| English Regnal year | 6 Edw. 1 – 7 Edw. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1822 |
| Burmese calendar | 640 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6786–6787 |
| Chinese calendar | 丁丑年 (Fire Ox) 3974 or 3914 — to — 戊寅年 (Earth Tiger) 3975 or 3915 |
| Coptic calendar | 994–995 |
| Discordian calendar | 2444 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1270–1271 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5038–5039 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1334–1335 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1199–1200 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4378–4379 |
| Holocene calendar | 11278 |
| Igbo calendar | 278–279 |
| Iranian calendar | 656–657 |
| Islamic calendar | 676–677 |
| Japanese calendar | Kenji 4 / Kōan 1 (弘安元年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1188–1189 |
| Julian calendar | 1278 MCCLXXVIII |
| Korean calendar | 3611 |
| Minguo calendar | 634 before ROC 民前634年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −190 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1820–1821 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴火牛年 (female Fire-Ox) 1404 or 1023 or 251 — to — 阳土虎年 (male Earth-Tiger) 1405 or 1024 or 252 |
1278 (MCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1278th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 278th year of the 2nd millennium, the 78th year of the 13th century, and the 9th year of the 1270s decade. As of the start of 1278, the Gregorian calendar was 7 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which was the dominant calendar of the time.
Events
[change | change source]- August 26 – Kings Rudolph I of Germany and Ladislaus IV of Hungary defeat King Otakar II of Bohemia in the Battle of Marchfield, a match of over 80,000 men and the largest battle of knights in the Middle Ages. The battle ends a power struggle between Rudolph and Otakar over the fate of central Europe, and Rudolph's Habsburg family will continue to rule Austria and other captured territories until the end of World War I in 1918.
- The independence, boundaries, and political structure of Andorra are agreed to by the Spanish Bishop of Urgell and the French Count of Foix.
- The earliest known written copy of the Avesta, a collection of ancient sacred Persian Zoroastrian texts previously passed down orally, is produced.
- An edict by Pope Nicholas III requires all Jews to attend conversion sermons.
- The Japanese era Kenji ends, and the Koan era begins.