Dinasti Séljuk

Séljuk (ogé Turki Séljuk,^[1] Seldjuks, Seldjuqs, Seljuks, Seljuq; dina basa Turki Selçuklular; dina basa Pérsia: سلجوقيان Saljūqīyān); nyaéta hiji dinasti Turko-Pérsia^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] Muslim Sunni anu ngawasaan bagian Asia Tengah jeung Wétan Tengah ti abad ka-11 nepi ka abad ka-14. Dinasti ieu ngadegkeun hiji kakaisaran, Kakaisaran Séljuk Raya. Dinasti ieu pituin dina konféderasi séké-sélér Tukoman di Asia Tengah. Sanggeus datang ka Pérsia, Séljuk ngadopsi budaya Pérsia Sarta maké basa Pérsia salaku basa resmi pamaréntahan,^[7] sarta katémbong salakiu sesepuh ti urang Turki Kulon – pangeusi Azerbaijan, Turki, jeung Turkménistan kiwari.

Pangawasa Séljuk

Pangawasa Dinasti Séljuk

Gelar	Jenengan pribados	Période kakawasaan
Bey بیگ	Tughril طغرل	1016-1063
Sultan سلطان	Alp Arslan الپ ارسلان	1063-1072
Sultan سلطان Jalāl al-Dawlah جلال الدولہ	Malik Shah I ملک شاہ اول	1072-1092
Sultan سلطان Nasir al-Duniya wa al-Din ناصر الدنیا والدین	Mahmud bin Malik Shah محمود بن ملک شاہ	1092-1094
Sultan سلطان Abul Muzaffar Rukn al-Duniya wa al-Din أبو المظفر رکن الدنیا والدین	Barkiyaruq bin Malik Shah برکیاروق بن ملک شاه	1094–1105
Sultan سلطان Muizz al-Din معز الدین	Malik Shah II ملک شاہ الثانی	1105
Sultan سلطان Ghiyath al-Duniya wa al-Din غیاث الدنیا والدین	Muhammad Tapar محمد تپار	1105-1118
Sultan سلطان Muizz al-Din معز الدین	*Ahmad Sanjar احمد سنجر	1118–1153
Dinasti Khwarezmiyah ngagentos dinsati Séljuk. Ti 1157, Oghuz nyandak kadali kana sabagian Khurasan, kalawan sésanaaya dina émir Seljuk.

Putrana Muhammad, Mahmud II neraskeun anjeunna di Pérsia kulon, tapi Ahmad Sanjar, anu keur éta minangka gubernur Khurasan, salaku sesepuh kulawargi, janten Sultan Séljuk Raya.

Sultan Séljuk Hamadan

Mahmud II 1118–1131
1131-1134 - Dipaséakeun
- Dawud
- Mas'ud (di Jibal jeung Azerbaijan Iran) 1131
- Toghrul II 1132–1134
Mas'ud 1133–1152
Malik Shah III 1152–1153
Muhammad II
Suleiman Shah 1160–1161
Arslan Shah 1161–1174
Toghrul III 1174–1194

Dina 1194, Tugrul III ditelasan dina patempuran jeung Shah Khwarezm, anu nganéksasi Hamadan.

Pangawasa Séljuk Kerman

Kerman nyaéta hiji propinsi di Pérsia kidul. Antawis 1053 jeung 1154, wewengkonna ngawengku ogé Umman.

Qawurd 1041–1073
Kerman Shah 1073–1074
Sultan Shah 1074–1075
Hussain Omar 1075–1084
Turan Shah I 1084–1096
Iran Shah 1096–1101
Arslan Shah I 1101–1142
Mehmed I (Muhammad) 1142–1156
Toğrül Shah 1156–1169
Bahram Shah 1169–1174
Arslan Shah II 1174–1176
Turan Shah II 1176–1183
Muhammad Shah 1183–1187

Muhammad ninggalkeun Kerman, anu direbut ku pupuhu séké Oghuz, Malik Dinar. Kerman ahirna dianéksasi ku Kakaisaran Khwarezmiyah dina 1196.

Pangawasa Séljuk di Suriah

Abu Sa'id Taj ad-Dawla Tutush I 1085–1086
Jalal ad-Dawlah Malik Shah I ti Gréat Seljuq 1086–1087
Qasim ad-Dawla Abu Said Aq Sunqur al-Hajib 1087–1094
Abu Sa'id Taj ad-Dawla Tutush I (kadua) 1094–1095
Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan 1095–1113
Tadj ad-Dawla Alp Arslan al-Akhras 1113–1114
Sultan Shah 1114–1123

Ka Artuqids

Sultan/Émir Damaskus:

Aziz ibn Abaaq al-Khwarazmi 1076–1079
Abu Sa'id Taj ad-Dawla Tutush I 1079–1095
Abu Nasr Shams al-Muluk Duqaq 1095–1104
Tutush II 1104
Muhi ad-Din Baqtash 1104

Damaskus direbut ku Burid Toghtekin

Sultan Séljuk Rûm (Anatolia)

Artikel utama: Kasultanan Rûm.

Munara kembar Kharāghān, diwangun dina 1053 di Iran, nyaéta pajaratan pangéran-pangéran Séljuk.

Kasultanan Séljuk Rûm dina 1190, saméméh Perang Salib Katilu.

Kutalmish 1060–1077
Suleyman I (Suleiman) 1077–1086
Dawud Kilij Arslan I 1092–1107
Malik Shah 1107–1116
Rukn ad-Din Mesud I 1116–1156
Izz ad-Din Kilij Arslan II 1156–1192
Ghiyath ad-Din Kaykhusraw I 1192–1196
Suleyman II (Suleiman) 1196–1204
Kilij Arslan III 1204–1205
Ghiyath ad-Din Kaykhusraw I (second time) 1205–1211
Izz ad-Din Kaykaus I 1211–1220
Ala ad-Din Kayqubad I 1220–1237
Ghiyath ad-Din Kaykhusraw II 1237–1246
Izz ad-Din Kaykaus II 1246–1260
Rukn ad-Din Kilij Arslan IV 1248–1265
Ala ad-Din Kayqubad II 1249–1257
Ghiyath ad-Din Kaykhusraw III 1265–1282
Ghiyath ad-Din Mesud II 1282–1284
Ala ad-Din Kayqubad III 1284
Ghiyath ad-Din Mesud II (kadua) 1284–1293
Ala ad-Din Kayqubad III (kadua) 1293–1294
Ghiyath ad-Din Mesud II (katilu) 1294–1301
Ala ad-Din Kayqubad III (katilu) 1301–1303
Ghiyath ad-Din Mesud II (kaopat) 1303–1307

Tingali ogé

Catetan

↑ "Seljuq Turks" in various scholastic sources
↑ Hottinger, Arnold, The Arabs, (University of California Press, 1963), 90; "..and for these Turko-persian Seljuks who now ruled the largest Islamic state..."
↑ Grousset, Rene, The Empire of the Steppes, (Rutgers University Press, 1991), 161,164; "..renewed the Seljuk attempt to found a great Turko-Persian empire in eastern Iran..", "It is to be noted that the Seljuks, those Turkomans who became sultans of Persia, did not Turkify Persia-no doubt because they did not wish to do so. On the contrary, it was they who voluntarily became Persians and who, in the manner of the great old Sassanid kings, strove to protect the Iranian populations from the plundering of Ghuzz bands and save Iranian culture from the Turkoman menace."
↑ Nishapuri, Zahir al-Din Nishapuri (2001), “The History of the Seljuq Turks from the Jami’ al-Tawarikh: An Ilkhanid Adaptation of the Saljuq-nama of Zahir al-Din Nishapuri,” Partial tr. K.A. Luther, ed. C.E. Bosworth, Richmond, UK. K.A. Luther: "... the Turks were illiteratre and uncultivated when they arrived in Khurasan and had to depend on Iranian scribes, poets, jurists and theologians to man the institution of the Empire”(pg 9)
↑
- Jackson, P. (2002). "Review: The History of the Seljuq Turks: The History of the Seljuq Turks". Journal of Islamic Studies 2002 13(1):75–76; doi:10.1093/jis/13.1.75.Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies.
- Bosworth, C. E. (2001). "Notes on Some Turkish Names" in Abu 'l-Fadl Bayhaqi's Tarikh-i Mas'udi. Oriens, Vol. 36, 2001 (2001), pp. 299–313.
- Dani, A. H., Masson, V. M. (Eds), Asimova, M. S. (Eds), Litvinsky, B. A. (Eds), Boaworth, C. E. (Eds). (1999). History of Civilizations of Central Asia. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers (Pvt. Ltd).
- Hancock, I. (2006). On Romani Origins and Identity. The Romani Archives and Documentation Center. The University of Texas at Austin.
- Asimov, M. S., Bosworth, C. E. (eds.). (1998). History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Vol. IV: The Age of Achievement: AD 750 to the End of the Fifteenth Century, Part One: The Historical, Social and Economic Setting. Multiple History Series. Paris: UNESCO Publishing.
↑
* Josef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, Routledge, 2005, p. 399
- Michael Mandelbaum, Central Asia and the World, Council on Foreign Relations (May 1994), p. 79
- Jonathan Dewald, Europe 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004, p. 24: "Turcoman armies coming from the East had driven the Byzantines out of much of Asia Minor and established the Persianized sultanate of the Seljuks."
- Ram Rahul. March of Central Asia, Indus Publishing, page 124.
- C.E. Bosworth, "Turkish expansion towards the west", in UNESCO History of Humanity, Volume IV, 2000.
- Mehmed Fuad Koprulu, Early Mystics in Turkish Literature, Translated by Gary Leiser and Robert Dankoff, Routledge, 2006, pg 149.
- O.Özgündenli, "Persian Manuscripts in Ottoman and Modern Turkish Libraries", Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, (LINK Archived 2012-01-22 di Wayback Machine)
- Encyclopædia Britannica, "Seljuq", Online Edition, (LINK)
↑ Bosworth, C.E.; Hillenbrand, R.; Rogers, J.M.; Blois, F.C. de; Bosworth, C.E.; Darley-Doran, R.E., Saldjukids, Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2009. Brill Online: “Culturally, the constituting of the Seljuq Empire marked a further step in the dethronement of Arabic from being the sole lingua franca of educated and polite society in the Middle East. Coming as they did through a Transoxania which was still substantially Iranian and into Persia proper, the Seljuqs with no high-level Turkish cultural or literary heritage of their own – took over that of Persia, so that the Persian language became the administration and culture in their land of Persia and Anatolia. The Persian culture of the Rum Seljuqs was particularly splendid, and it was only gradually that Turkish emerged there as a parallel language in the field of government and adab; the Persian imprint in Ottoman civilization was to remain strong until the 19th century.

Bacaan salajengna

Grousset, Rene (1988). The Empire of the Steppes: a History of Central Asia. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. p. 147. ISBN 0813506271.
Péacock, A.C.S, éarly Seljuq History : A New Interpretation; New York, NY ; Routledge; 2010
Previte-Orton, C. W. (1971). The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Citakan:Seljuk dynasty Citakan:History of Turkey topics Citakan:Royal houses of Europe

[1] "Seljuq Turks" in various scholastic sources

[2] Hottinger, Arnold, The Arabs, (University of California Press, 1963), 90; "..and for these Turko-persian Seljuks who now ruled the largest Islamic state..."

[3] Grousset, Rene, The Empire of the Steppes, (Rutgers University Press, 1991), 161,164; "..renewed the Seljuk attempt to found a great Turko-Persian empire in eastern Iran..", "It is to be noted that the Seljuks, those Turkomans who became sultans of Persia, did not Turkify Persia-no doubt because they did not wish to do so. On the contrary, it was they who voluntarily became Persians and who, in the manner of the great old Sassanid kings, strove to protect the Iranian populations from the plundering of Ghuzz bands and save Iranian culture from the Turkoman menace."

[4] Nishapuri, Zahir al-Din Nishapuri (2001), “The History of the Seljuq Turks from the Jami’ al-Tawarikh: An Ilkhanid Adaptation of the Saljuq-nama of Zahir al-Din Nishapuri,” Partial tr. K.A. Luther, ed. C.E. Bosworth, Richmond, UK. K.A. Luther: "... the Turks were illiteratre and uncultivated when they arrived in Khurasan and had to depend on Iranian scribes, poets, jurists and theologians to man the institution of the Empire”(pg 9)

[5] 
Jackson, P. (2002). "Review: The History of the Seljuq Turks: The History of the Seljuq Turks". Journal of Islamic Studies 2002 13(1):75–76; doi:10.1093/jis/13.1.75.Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies.

Bosworth, C. E. (2001). "Notes on Some Turkish Names" in Abu 'l-Fadl Bayhaqi's Tarikh-i Mas'udi. Oriens, Vol. 36, 2001 (2001), pp. 299–313.

Dani, A. H., Masson, V. M. (Eds), Asimova, M. S. (Eds), Litvinsky, B. A. (Eds), Boaworth, C. E. (Eds). (1999). History of Civilizations of Central Asia. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers (Pvt. Ltd).

Hancock, I. (2006). On Romani Origins and Identity. The Romani Archives and Documentation Center. The University of Texas at Austin.

Asimov, M. S., Bosworth, C. E. (eds.). (1998). History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Vol. IV: The Age of Achievement: AD 750 to the End of the Fifteenth Century, Part One: The Historical, Social and Economic Setting. Multiple History Series. Paris: UNESCO Publishing.

[6] Jackson, P. (2002). "Review: The History of the Seljuq Turks: The History of the Seljuq Turks". Journal of Islamic Studies 2002 13(1):75–76; doi:10.1093/jis/13.1.75.Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies.

[7] Bosworth, C. E. (2001). "Notes on Some Turkish Names" in Abu 'l-Fadl Bayhaqi's Tarikh-i Mas'udi. Oriens, Vol. 36, 2001 (2001), pp. 299–313.

[8] Dani, A. H., Masson, V. M. (Eds), Asimova, M. S. (Eds), Litvinsky, B. A. (Eds), Boaworth, C. E. (Eds). (1999). History of Civilizations of Central Asia. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers (Pvt. Ltd).

[9] Hancock, I. (2006). On Romani Origins and Identity. The Romani Archives and Documentation Center. The University of Texas at Austin.

[10] Asimov, M. S., Bosworth, C. E. (eds.). (1998). History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Vol. IV: The Age of Achievement: AD 750 to the End of the Fifteenth Century, Part One: The Historical, Social and Economic Setting. Multiple History Series. Paris: UNESCO Publishing.

[6] * Josef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, Routledge, 2005, p. 399
Michael Mandelbaum, Central Asia and the World, Council on Foreign Relations (May 1994), p. 79

Jonathan Dewald, Europe 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004, p. 24: "Turcoman armies coming from the East had driven the Byzantines out of much of Asia Minor and established the Persianized sultanate of the Seljuks."

Ram Rahul. March of Central Asia, Indus Publishing, page 124.

C.E. Bosworth, "Turkish expansion towards the west", in UNESCO History of Humanity, Volume IV, 2000.

Mehmed Fuad Koprulu, Early Mystics in Turkish Literature, Translated by Gary Leiser and Robert Dankoff, Routledge, 2006, pg 149.

O.Özgündenli, "Persian Manuscripts in Ottoman and Modern Turkish Libraries", Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, (LINK Archived 2012-01-22 di Wayback Machine)

Encyclopædia Britannica, "Seljuq", Online Edition, (LINK)

[12] Michael Mandelbaum, Central Asia and the World, Council on Foreign Relations (May 1994), p. 79

[13] Jonathan Dewald, Europe 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004, p. 24: "Turcoman armies coming from the East had driven the Byzantines out of much of Asia Minor and established the Persianized sultanate of the Seljuks."

[14] Ram Rahul. March of Central Asia, Indus Publishing, page 124.

[15] C.E. Bosworth, "Turkish expansion towards the west", in UNESCO History of Humanity, Volume IV, 2000.

[16] Mehmed Fuad Koprulu, Early Mystics in Turkish Literature, Translated by Gary Leiser and Robert Dankoff, Routledge, 2006, pg 149.

[17] O.Özgündenli, "Persian Manuscripts in Ottoman and Modern Turkish Libraries", Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, (LINK Archived 2012-01-22 di Wayback Machine)

[18] Encyclopædia Britannica, "Seljuq", Online Edition, (LINK)

[7] Bosworth, C.E.; Hillenbrand, R.; Rogers, J.M.; Blois, F.C. de; Bosworth, C.E.; Darley-Doran, R.E., Saldjukids, Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2009. Brill Online: “Culturally, the constituting of the Seljuq Empire marked a further step in the dethronement of Arabic from being the sole lingua franca of educated and polite society in the Middle East. Coming as they did through a Transoxania which was still substantially Iranian and into Persia proper, the Seljuqs with no high-level Turkish cultural or literary heritage of their own – took over that of Persia, so that the Persian language became the administration and culture in their land of Persia and Anatolia. The Persian culture of the Rum Seljuqs was particularly splendid, and it was only gradually that Turkish emerged there as a parallel language in the field of government and adab; the Persian imprint in Ottoman civilization was to remain strong until the 19th century.

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