John Henry Newman

John Henry Newman alivyochorwa na John Everett Millais, 1881.

J. H. Newman alipokuwa na miaka 23 wakati alipohubiri mara ya kwanza.

John Henry Newman

Deski ya Newman katika nyumba ya Oratori mjini Birmingham

Chumba cha Newman katika Oratori hiyo.

Kikanisa chake ndani ya chumba hicho

John Henry Newman, C.O. (London, Uingereza, 21 Februari 1801 - Edgbaston, Birmingham, 11 Agosti 1890) alikuwa padri na kardinali wa Kanisa Katoliki baada ya kuacha ukasisi wa madhehebu ya Anglikana akiwa tayari maarufu nchini kote kutokana na mahubiri na maandishi yake.

Alitangazwa na Papa Benedikto XVI kuwa mwenye heri tarehe 19 Septemba 2010 halafu Papa Fransisko alimtangaza mtakatifu tarehe 13 Oktoba 2019.

Sikukuu yake huadhimishwa tarehe 9 Oktoba.

Maisha

John Henry alikuwa wa kwanza kati ya watoto 6 wa mwenye benki John Newman na Jemina Foundrinier, mwenye asili ya Ufaransa.

Alipata elimu bora karibu na London akaathiriwa na mchungaji wa Kikalvini hata akashikilia msimamo wa Kiprotestanti kwa uamuzi ambao baadaye aliuita wongofu wake wa kwanza 1816.

Mwaka 1817 alijiunga na Trinity College huko Oxford akawa shemasi wa Kianglikana mwaka 1824.

Mwaka 1828 alifanywa paroko wa kanisa la chuo kikuu kwa jukumu la kuwachunga wanachuo; wakati huohuo alijitosa katika masomo ya falsafa na teolojia.

Baada ya kuwa profesa wa Oxford na kasisi wa Anglikana (Church of England) mwenye mwelekeo wa Kiinjili, Newman alipata kuwa kiongozi wa Oxford Movement. Kundi hilo la Waanglikana lilikusudia kurudisha Kanisa la Uingereza kwenye imani na ibada za Kikatoliki.

Miaka 2 baada ya kuacha ukasisi na hatimaye Anglikana yenyewe, alijiunga na Kanisa Katoliki moja kwa moja (9 Oktoba 1845).

Mwaka 1847 alipata upadirisho akaanzisha shirika la Waoratori mjini Birmingham.

Alichangia kwa kiasi kikubwa (1851 - 1858) uundaji wa Catholic University of Ireland, ambayo leo inaitwa University College, Dublin na ni chuo kikuu kinachoshinda kwa ukubwa vingine vyote vya Ireland.

Baada ya kufanya uchungaji tena, mwaka 1879 aliteuliwa na Papa Leo XIII kuwa kardinali.

Kama mwandishi wa teolojia na fasihi ya Kiingereza, Newman ni maarufu hasa kwa simulizi la maisha yake Apologia Pro Vita Sua (1865–1866), kwa Grammar of Assent (1870), kwa shairi The Dream of Gerontius (1865), ambalo lilitiwa muziki na Edward Elgar mwaka 1900 kama oratorio.

Kati ya tenzi zake, maarufu zaidi ni Lead, Kindly Light na Praise to the Holiest in the Height (kutoka Gerontius).

Juu ya kaburi lake yameandikwa maneno ya Kilatini aliyoyachagua mwenyewe kama muhtasari wa maisha yake aliyoyaona kama safari kuelekea ukweli: Ex umbris et imaginibus in veritatem (Kutoka vivuli na mifano hadi ukweli).

Sala yake

Mungu wangu uliyetuumba, ulijua kwamba wewe tu unaweza kutushibisha; basi umeamua kujifanya chakula na kinywaji chetu.

Fumbo abudiwa kuliko yote! Huruma ya ajabu kuliko zote!

Wewe mwenye utukufu, uzuri, nguvu na utamu kuliko wote ulijua fika kwamba chochote kingine kisingeweza kutegemeza umbile letu lisilokoma, mioyo yetu dhaifu; kwa hiyo ulitwaa mwili na damu ya kibinadamu, hivi kwamba, vikiwa mwili na damu ya Mungu, viweze kuwa uhai wetu...

Naja kwako, Bwana, sio tu kwa sababu pasipo wewe sina raha, si tu kwa sababu najitambua ninakuhitaji, bali kwa sababu neema yako inanivuta nikutafute kwa ajili yako mwenyewe, kwa jinsi ulivyo mtukufu na mzuri.

Naja kwa uchaji mkubwa, lakini kwa upendo mkubwa zaidi.

Maandishi

Akiwa Mwanglikana

• The Arians of the Fourth Century (1833)
• Tracts for the Times (1833–1841)
• British Critic (1836–1842)
• On the Prophetical Office of the Church (1837)
• Lectures on Justification (1838)
• Parochial and Plain Sermons (1834–1843)
• Select Treatises of St. Athanasius (1842, 1844)
• Lives of the English Saints (1843–44)
• Essays on Miracles (1826, 1843)
• Oxford University Sermons (1843)
• Sermons on Subjects of the Day (1843)

Akiwa Mkatoliki

• Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine (1845)
• Retractation of Anti-Catholic Statements (1845)
• Loss and Gain (novel – 1848)
• Faith and Prejudice and Other Unpublished Sermons (1848–1873; collected 1956)
• Discourses to Mixed Congregations (1849)
• Difficulties of Anglicans (1850)
• The Present Position of Catholics in England (1851)
• The Idea of a University (1852 and 1858)
• Cathedra Sempiterna (1852)
• Callista (novel – 1855)
• The Rambler (Catholic periodical)]] (editor) (1859–1860)
• Apologia Pro Vita Sua (religious autobiography – 1864; revised edition, 1865)
• Letter to Dr. Pusey (1865)
• The Dream of Gerontius (poem) (1865)
• An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent (1870)
• Sermons Preached on Various Occasions (various/1874)
• Letter to the Duke of Norfolk (1875)
• Five Letters (1875)
• Sermon Notes (1849–1878)
• Select Treatises of St. Athanasius (1881)
• On the Inspiration of Scripture (1884)
• Development of Religious Error (1885)

Mengineyo

• Historical Tracts of St. Athanasius (1843)
• Essays Critical and Historical (various/1871)
• Tracts Theological and Ecclesiastical (various/1871)
• Discussions and Arguments (various/1872)
• Historical Sketches (various/1872)
• Addresses to Cardinal Newman and His Replies, with Biglietto Speech (1879)

Madondoo

• Realizations: Newman's Own Selection of His Sermons (edited by Vincent Ferrer Blehl, S.J., 1964). Liturgical Press, 2009. ISBN 978-0-8146-3290-1
• Mary the Second Eve (compiled by Sister Eileen Breen, F.M.A., 1969). TAN Books, 2009. ISBN 978-0-89555-181-8

Tazama pia

• Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale
• Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo
• Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika
• Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko

Marejeo

• Arthur, James & Nicholls, Guy (2007). John Henry Newman: Continuum Library of Educational Thought. London: Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8264-8407-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Bellasis, Edward (1892).
• Chadwick, Owen (1987). The Victorian Church: Part One 1829–1859
• Connolly, John R. (2005). John Henry Newman: A View of Catholic Faith for the New Millennium. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7425-3222-9
• Faught, C. Brad (2003). The Oxford Movement: A Thematic History of the Tractarians and Their Times, University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 978-0-271-02249-9.
• Gilley, Sheridan. (2002). Newman and His Age. London: Darton, Longman & Todd Ltd. ISBN 978-0-232-52478-9.
• Herring, George (2002). What Was the Oxford Movement?
• Ker, Ian and Merrigan, Terrence (eds) (2009). The Cambridge Companion to John Henry Newman. Cambridge University Press.
• Kings, Graham (2010). "The Ambiguous Legacy of John Henry Newman: Reflections on the Papal Visit 2010" Ilihifadhiwa 2 Novemba 2010 kwenye Wayback Machine.
• Martin, Brian (2000). John Henry Newman. London: Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8264-4993-1.
• Strachey, Lytton (1918). Eminent Victorians
• Trevor, Meriol (1962). Newman: The Pillar of the Cloud and Newman: Light in Winter (two-volume biography)
• Turner, Frank M (2002). John Henry Newman: The Challenge to Evangelical Religion Ilihifadhiwa 5 Desemba 2014 kwenye Wayback Machine.. Yale University Press.
• Steven Aguzzi (2010). John Henry Newman's Anglican Views on Judaism. Newman Studies Journal 7:1[1]
• John Henry Newman (2006). James David Earnest; Gerard Tracey (whr.). Fifteen Sermons Preached Before the University of Oxford. Oxford University Press.

Viungo vya nje

Wikiquote ina mkusanyiko wa dondoo kuhusu:

John Henry Newman

Wikimedia Commons ina media kuhusu:

John Henry Newman

Kesi ya kumtangaza mtakatifu

• The Cause for the Canonisation of John Henry Cardinal Newman Ilihifadhiwa 30 Machi 2010 kwenye Wayback Machine.
• 1996 article on the canonisation process
• Promulgation of Newman as venerable (kwa Kilatini)
• Hotuba ya Benedikto XVI katika kumtangaza mwenye heri 19.09.2010

Vyama vya Newman

• Oxford University Newman Society Ilihifadhiwa 13 Oktoba 2005 kwenye Wayback Machine.
• University College Dublin Newman Society Ilihifadhiwa 15 Juni 2011 kwenye Wayback Machine.
• Newman University College, Birmingham, England
• Cardinal Newman Catholic Secondary School, Toronto, Canada Ilihifadhiwa 18 Julai 2011 kwenye Wayback Machine.

Maisha na maandishi

• Newman Reader – Works of John Henry Newman
• Presentation by Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger
• John Henry Newman: Portraits
• Newman & The Second Vatican Council, by Christopher Butler
• Christina Rossetti's Cardinal Newman
• National Institute for Newman Studies, Pittsburgh, PA Ilihifadhiwa 16 Julai 2011 kwenye Wayback Machine.
• "Un uomo finito": website for the theater play about John Henry Newman and Giovanni Papini (kwa Kiitalia)
• Statement on the failure of exhumation Ilihifadhiwa 8 Desemba 2008 kwenye Wayback Machine.
• John Henry Newman: Becoming Rome’s First Ecumenical Saint by Richard Bennett and Michael De Semlyen

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