Caucasian Albanian alphabet was used by the Caucasian Albanians, one of the ancient and indigenous Northeast Caucasian peoples. Their territory comprised parts of present-day Azerbaijan, Georgia, and South Daghestan.

The script was created by Mesrop Mashtots. He was the Armenian monk, theologian and translator who is also believed to have created the Armenian script, with the help of an Albanian translator named Benjamin and an Albanian bishop named Ananias.