This study investigated the relationships between Arabic speaking Iraqi refugees and teachers in the schools their children attended as perceived by parents and teachers. Specifically, this study explored the communication processes utilized by the Iraqi refugees, their children's teachers, and their schools. Using a qualitative methods approach, this study also examined the multiple literacy forms and "funds of knowledge" that these families exhibited and utilized in support of their children's learning. I also looked at the methods and practices that Arab refugee families living in the South used to preserve their heritage language and culture. I read and analyzed the data and identified patterns in the data. I found that parents were very supportive of their children despite the fact that many teachers in the U.S. feel that parents who are learning English cannot successfully support their children's success in American schools. They used different methods to enhance their children's learning of literacy, language, and cultural heritage. Based on the findings, I suggest actions that parents, teachers, and district offices and refugee resettlement agencies could take to improve home-school communication. This is the first study in the United Stated to investigate the relationships between Arabicspeaking Iraqi refugee families and their children's teachers and ways that Iraqi families support their children at home and in American schools. vii

h i g h l i g h t s Generous reading was used as a tool for careful reading of student writing. Teachers addressed elements of writing that reflected a complex approach to instruction. Teachers envisioned instruction for linguistically diverse students. Student writing scores increased from August to April.

This research paper aims to investigate the effect of utilizing Twitter in a foreign language classroom and how it would affect students' attitudes towards learning Arabic media related vocabulary. The researchers used qualitative and quantitative methods as a methodological approach to the study. The subjects of the study are American undergraduate students studying Arabic for their third semester, 11 participated in the study. The participants were asked to open Twitter accounts in order to practice reading up-to-date tweets from global news agencies. Participants took pre and post-tests, then were asked to take a questionnaire; a structured interview was also carried out along with reflections to have a better understanding of the students' attitude towards the use of Twitter in the classroom. The data were gathered throughout the semester and analyzed qualitatively and the participants' responses were coded for certain themes and then analyzed. The findings indicated that the students had a positive attitude towards the use of Twitter in learning vocabulary for specific topics-in this study media/political-related vocabulary-in the foreign language classroom. In addition, the quantitative data used as confirmation and showed vocabulary gains after the Twitter treatment. The study's findings can be applied to any foreign language and can have important implications and recommendations for language teachers and educators in the field. The findings will add valuable recommendations on how to integrate social media platforms in a foreign language classroom.

This study investigated the relationships between Arabic speaking Iraqi refugees and teachers in the schools their children attended as perceived by parents and teachers. Specifically, this study explored the communication processes utilized by the Iraqi refugees, their children's teachers, and their schools. Using a qualitative methods approach, this study also examined the multiple literacy forms and "funds of knowledge" that these families exhibited and utilized in support of their children's learning. I also looked at the methods and practices that Arab refugee families living in the South used to preserve their heritage language and culture. I read and analyzed the data and identified patterns in the data. I found that parents were very supportive of their children despite the fact that many teachers in the U.S. feel that parents who are learning English cannot successfully support their children's success in American schools. They used different methods to enhance their children's learning of literacy, language, and cultural heritage. Based on the findings, I suggest actions that parents, teachers, and district offices and refugee resettlement agencies could take to improve home-school communication. This is the first study in the United Stated to investigate the relationships between Arabicspeaking Iraqi refugee families and their children's teachers and ways that Iraqi families support their children at home and in American schools. vii

Chapter 8 Feminism, Foucault and the politics of the body1 Susan Bordo A PERSONAL PROLOGUE Sitting down to consider the unusually strong attraction that Foucauldian thought has held for contemporary feminism, it occurred to me that I might learn something from consulting ...

This book began with what seemed, at times, an impossible dream: to create a course in the history of feminist thought that would be both transnational in coverage and historically organized. From the first discussion, among the Gender and Women’s Studies faculty at the University of Kentucky, the idea provoked surprisingly heated debate. Some among us considered the emphasis on history to be a Western imposition, carrying with it a whole raft of distortions about how to mark “periods” and plot appropriate narratives of crisis and change. Others felt that a lack of the sense of context and movement through time was our students’ most serious barrier to understanding the motivations, controversies, and upheavals of feminist thought. The “pro-history” faction was outraged that many of our students had no idea that anything of value had been written before 1985, because earlier works had been so thoroughly dismissed as racist, heterosexist, essentialist, et cetera, et cetera in their f...

William James usually tended more toward self-deprecation than self-aggrandizement. In a letter to his brother Henry dated May 4, 1907, however, William characterized his new book Pragmatism with uncharacteristic enthusiasm. It was" an unconventional utterance," William conceded, but after the passage of a mere ten years, he wrote, it might be considered" epoch-making." Even more boldly, he predicted" the definitive triumph" of the" general way of thinking" laid out in the book, and he characterized the overall cultural change as" ...

It is argued that the cultural context, or at least some elements of it, has conditioned the flourishing of ealing disorders - anorexia, bnlimia, and obesity - in onr time. The first step in that argument is a decoding of the contemporaiv slenderness ideal so as to reveal the psychic anxielies and moral valuations contained vvithin il - valuations concerning the correct and incorrect management of impulses and desire. There are two dilferent svmbolic functions of bodv shape and si/c: the designation of social position, e.g. marking class status or gender role; and the onter indication of the state of the "soul". The "correct" management of desire in the "macro-body" of consnmer cullure reqnires a contradictory double-blind construction of the individual personality, inevitably producing an unstable bulimic type of person as its norm, along with the contrasting extremes of obesity and self-starvation. It is argued that these symbolize the contradictions ...

My experience as an adoptive mother who got to know my daughter's birthmother during her pregnancy demonstrates the inhumanity of the Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization decision, which turns pregnancy into a fetal delivery system rather than a profoundly transformative experience. This de-humanization undergirds both the Alito/Barrett attitude toward abortion and adoption and the babies who are imagined as refilling diminished stock for the market in babies.

Den slanka kroppens budskap Både anorexia och fetma hat sina rötter i konsumtionskulturens symboliska önskningar. Anorexi är en extrem utveckling av förmågan till självförsakelse. Fetma visar däremot på en kapitulation inför begäret. Självkontroll brukar kodas som maskulint medan hunger-liksom sexualitet-kodas som feminint. Det slanka kroppsidealet kan alltså tolkas som kvinnornas avståndstagande frän en reproduktiv förutbestämning.

My experience as an adoptive mother who got to know my daughter's birthmother during her pregnancy demonstrates the inhumanity of the Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization decision, which turns pregnancy into a fetal delivery system rather than a profoundly transformative experience. This de-humanization undergirds both the Alito/Barrett attitude toward abortion and adoption and the babies who are imagined as refilling diminished stock for the market in babies.

Index 343 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS It is extremely difficult for those of us at small colleges to find, in our heavy teaching schedules, time for writing. I have been both fortunate and highly privileged in having been given that time, in the form of more than generous institutional support from a variety of sources. Two residential fellowships, one to spend the spring semester of 1985 in Alison Jaggar's Laurie seminar at Douglass College and the second in 198788 as a Rockefeller Humanist in Residence at the Duke University/University of North Carolina Center for Research on Women, provided not only time to think and write but wonderful intellectual environments to stimulate the process. An American Council of Learned Societies/Ford Foundation Fellowship, awarded for the same period as the Rockefeller, made it possible for me to continue working on this project the following year, when I was generously granted early sabbatical leave by Le Moyne College. It is to Le Moyne that I owe my greatest debt-for several faculty research grants and course reductions in the past, for the open, diverse, and warm intellectual home that it has provided for me, and for its courageous decision to name a feminist scholar to its first endowed chair, the Joseph C. Georg Professorship. From my perspective, the award could not have been timelier; announced in 1991 just as I was entering the final stages of work on this book, it has provided me with needed time for revisions, financial resources for preparation of the manuscript and illustrations, and a boost of encouragement to see me through to the culmination of what has been a long and taxing-although absorbing and gratifying-project. Because this book is made up of essays written over a period of years, many different people have contributed to it in different ways. I have tried to acknowledge those contributions in an opening note for each essay; I apologize for any that have gone unmentioned out of forgetfulness. What are not represented in those notes, however, are the intellectual conversations and emotional support informally provided at various stages of this project by friends and colleagues such as

There is no simple discovery procedure for determining phonological syllable structure (which, like phonological representations in general, may not be in a one-to-one relationship with systematic phonetic syllabification, and which may not necessarily conform to native speaker intuitions about syllable division). The nature of the mechanism which assigns syllabification (defines possible syllables) for a given language is an empirical hypothesis, whose confirmation depends on the extent to which linguistically significant generalizations can be expressed under it (Feinstein 1979: 255).

Techniques developed for the reduction and analysis of terrestrial satellite magnetic field data are used to better understand the magnetic field observations made by Mars Global Surveyor. A global distribution of radial (Br) magnetic field observations and associated uncertainties is inverted for an equivalent source magnetization distribution and then used to generate an altitude-normalized map of Br at 200 km. The observations are well-represented by a potential function of crustal origin, consistent with a remanent origin for the Martian magnetic features. The correlation between the 40546 Br observations and Br calculated from the magnetization solution at observation locations is 0.978. For a magnetization distribution confined to a 50 km layer, calculated magnetizations range from -22 to +17 A/m. We see correlations with tectonics that were only hinted at in earlier maps. Magnetic features appear to be truncated against Valles Marineris and Ganges Chasma, suggestive of a major change in crustal properties associated with faulting.

Results from equivalent-source distributions derived jointly from high-altitude (average 4 km) aeromagnetic and Magsat-derived (average 400 km) magnetic anomalies over Canada indicate that long-wavelength components (500-2500 km) in these fields are extremely compatible with one another (with a correlation coefficient of 0.95). The jointly estimated anomaly field at the earth's surface can be used as a long-wavelength adjustment surface for regional near-surface magnetic anomaly compilations and in assessing the performance of other downward-continuation techniques. Because near-surface anomalies are not available over all regions of the world, we compare the jointly estimated anomaly field to the results of two different downwardcontinuation techniques: the evaluation of anomalies at the earth's surface from spherical harmonic coefficients derived from satellite-altitude data and the use of downward-continuation methods based on harmonic splines. Numerical and visual comparisons of these downward-continued fields with the jointly estimated anomaly field from the equivalent-source method indicate they are well correlated and could provide a useful method of deriving long-wavelength leveling surfaces for regional and worldwide magnetic anomaly maps.