One in five college students report tobacco use, thus universities are making strides to reduce tobacco use by adopting smoke-or tobacco-free policies. The purpose of this article is to describe an innovative ambassador program to increase adherence with a tobacco-free campus policy. The Tobacco-Free Take Action! (TFTA!) Ambassador program was created to form an environment of compliance. Hot spots were targeted by Ambassadors, who were trained to use scripted messages. Ambassadors completed an online documentation form to assess the number of violators observed and approached. The Tobacco-Free Compliance Assessment Tool (TF-CAT) was used to collect preand post-cigarette butt data at each hot spot. During the 4-week intervention period, Ambassadors approached 332 violators (529 observed), of which 68 percent responded positively and complied with the policy. The number of cigarette butts declined by 25 percent. Adherence with campus tobacco-free policies remains a challenge. Lessons learned from this innovative approach will benefit those currently implementing and planning tobacco-free campus policies.

The purpose of this article was to identify psychosocial determinants of childhood and adolescent obesity. Some of the determinants were considered non-modifiable such as genetics, sex, age, and race. The risk of developing obesity started early on in life, with high birth weight, rapid growth in infancy, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and lack of breastfeeding indicated as positive predictors. Family food environment and dietary behaviors were considered modifiable determinants and included: consumption of unhealthy foods, portion sizes, snacking, and number of family meals. Physical activity was also considered a protective factor against the development of obesity, with overweight children significantly less active than those who were non-overweight. Recommendations for successful interventions and future research were discussed.

Healthy People 2020 aims to achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups. Regular physical activity (PA) improves overall health and fitness and has the capability to reduce risk for chronic diseases. Identifying barriers which relate to the Hispanic population is important when designing PA interventions. Therefore, the purpose was to review existing PA interventions targeting Hispanic adults published between 1988 and 2011. This paper was limited to interventions which included more than 35% Hispanic adults (n = 20). Most of the interventions were community based (n = 16), although clinical, family-based, and faith-based settings were also represented. Interventions incorporated theory (n = 16), with social cognitive theory and transtheoretical model being used most frequently. Social support was integral, building on the assumption that it is a strong motivator of PA. Each of the interventions reported success related to PA, social support, and/or BMI. Lessons learned should be incorporated into future interventions.

Background: Given the propensity for college students to engage in sexual activity and the subsequent lack of consistent condom use, there is a need to determine environmental factors that may be motivating or deterring factors for college students to access condoms. This study aimed to determine the number of businesses available to purchase condoms from near a large, south-eastern college campus and investigate environmental differences between types of businesses. Methods: Environmental factors (e.g. distance from campus, barriers to purchasing, selection availability and price) were collected among businesses within a 2-mile radius of the campus. Both c 2 and ANOVA determined significant differences between types of businesses (P 0.05). Results: Forty-two businesses sold condoms, 66.7% of which were convenience-type stores. The average distance from the campus was 1.33 miles (s.d. = 0.58). The average unit price of male condoms was significantly higher in drug store/pharmacies (M = 1.68) compared with convenience-type stores (M = 1.22) and grocery stores (M = 0.97); P = 0.005. Assistance was needed to purchase condoms in 25% of businesses. Barriers to purchasing condoms were significantly higher in convenience stores/gas stations (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Environmental barriers related to purchasing condoms exist and must be considered when targeting sexual health promotion on college campuses.

This article examined HIV/AIDS interventions targeted towards African American adolescents published between 1992 and 2006. Fourteen interventions met the inclusion criteria of which eight were community-based, three were family-based and three were school-based. The most common focus of interventions was in 6th through 10th grades which seems logical as the average age of initiating sexual intercourse among adolescents is 16 years and in African Americans 13 years. Most of the interventions were based on behavioral theories, with social cognitive theory being the most prevalent. Theory-based interventions were more effective than the one's that were not. The components of the interventions included culturally specific materials, African American facilitators, and gender sensitivity. HIV/AIDS knowledge, risk reduction strategies, behavioral skills, condom use, self-efficacy, decision-making and goal setting were the main foci of the interventions. Behavioral change was found in seven of the interventions. Recommendations for enhancing the success of these interventions are discussed.

Healthy People 2020 aims to achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups. Regular physical activity (PA) improves overall health and fitness and has the capability to reduce risk for chronic diseases. Identifying barriers which relate to the Hispanic population is important when designing PA interventions. Therefore, the purpose was to review existing PA interventions targeting Hispanic adults published between 1988 and 2011. This paper was limited to interventions which included more than 35% Hispanic adults (n = 20). Most of the interventions were community based (n = 16), although clinical, family-based, and faith-based settings were also represented. Interventions incorporated theory (n = 16), with social cognitive theory and transtheoretical model being used most frequently. Social support was integral, building on the assumption that it is a strong motivator of PA. Each of the interventions reported success related to PA, social support, and/or BMI. Lessons learned should be incorporated into future interventions.

The purpose of this article was to identify psychosocial determinants of childhood and adolescent obesity. Some of the determinants were considered non-modifiable such as genetics, sex, age, and race. The risk of developing obesity started early on in life, with high birth weight, rapid growth in infancy, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and lack of breastfeeding indicated as positive predictors. Family

Background: The issue of childhood overweight and obesity has become a global public health crisis. School-based interventions have been developed and implemented to combat this growing concern. The purpose of this review is to compare and contrast U.S. and international school-based obesity prevention interventions and highlight efficacious strategies. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted utilizing five relevant databases. Inclusion criteria were: (1) primary research; (2) overweight or obesity prevention interventions; (3) school-based; (4) studies published between 1 January 2002 through 31 December 2013; (5) published in the English language; (6) child-based interventions, which could include parents; and (7) studies that reported outcome data. Results: A total of 20 interventions met the inclusion criteria. Ten interventions each were implemented in the U.S. and internationally. International interventions only targeted elementary-aged students, were less likely to target low-income populations, and were less likely to be implemented for two or more years in duration. However, they were more likely to integrate an environmental component when compared to U.S. interventions. Discussion: Interventions implemented in the U.S. and internationally

This article explores the possibilities of epistolary criticism within the realm of sport studies and aspires to encourage scholars to consider the use of non-traditional sport memorabilia and source materials when telling emotive stories about sport and sport practices. The use of letters and the letter-writing format to tell a personal narrative of recruitment and to examine larger issues within athletic recruitment allows readers to intimately engage with the varied feelings and emotions that are a part of the athletic recruiting process. By using personal recruiting letters as source material and to structure the paper, readers examine recruiting on an intimate level and are called into the text in unique and unfamiliar ways.

This piece explores the possibilities of poetic representation within qualitative research on sport and exercise and subsequently engages with ongoing scholarly debates on representation, form, validity and methodology. The representation within this piece is part of a larger project which seeks to better understand women’s experiences as recruited athletes within the US intercollegiate sports system. To create this particular poetic representation, I utilised narratives gathered through small group interviews with seven women who were recruited to play Division I basketball in the US. Presenting portions of their stories and voices via a series of six poems demonstrates writing as a method of enquiry as well as the ways in which different types of representations allow one to access the embodied and emotional components of sport and exercise experiences.