We assessed beliefs about adult children’s responsibilities to financially assist parents and stepparents following later-life divorce and remarriage using a multiple-segment factorial vignette with a national sample (N = 1,121). Ordered logistic regression analyses indicated that beliefs about financial responsibilities to older adults declined after marital transitions, and responsibilities to assist stepparents were more tenuous than to parents. Beliefs about intergenerational responsibilities were affected by adult children’s financial resources and by changes in older adults’ marital statuses. Kinship obligation norms, the adult children’s financial resources, and reciprocity norms were the most common reasons used to explain beliefs about responsibilities to financially assist older parents and stepparents, but these reasons became less salient following divorce and remarriage of the older adult. After marital transitions, beliefs about intergenerational financial responsibilities were more often based on the older adult’s culpability for being in a position of need, relationship quality, and diminished kinship obligations.

Focus groups were conducted with 14 children, ages 8-13, in an attempt to uncover the extent to which a divorce education program achieves its goal of improving the divorce experience for children. The children discussed problems with feeling caught in the middle of their parents' disputes, parents not keeping them informed, and complications arising when parents' new partners enter the family realm. These results suggest that the program does not fully reach its objectives. The children also said the best way a friend could help them cope with their parents' divorce is by discussing it, provided the friend has also been through a divorce. Accordingly, programs for children are recommended to further assuage children's divorce experience.

CONTEXT: Although partially anecdotal, some evidence suggests that oral-genital contact is increasingly excluded from young people's notions of what behaviors constitute sex. Such a shift may have implications for STD prevention.

METHODS: In 2007, a convenience sample of 477 university students participated in a survey that included the question “Would you say you ‘had sex’ with someone if the most intimate behavior you engaged in was” each of 11 behaviors. Chi-square tests and independent samples t tests were used to assess gender differences, and chi-square analyses were used to compare the data with similar data collected in 1991. Predictors of beliefs concerning the classification of oral-genital contact were assessed using logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS: The majority of respondents indicated that penile-vaginal intercourse and penile-anal intercourse constitute sex (98% and 78%, respectively), but only about 20% believed the same was true of oral-genital contact. The proportion classifying oral-genital contact as sex in 2007 was about half that in 1991. This difference was consistent for both sexes and for both giving and receiving oral-genital stimulation. Responses did not vary by respondents’ sexual experience or demographic characteristics.

CONCLUSIONS: Sociocultural conceptualizations of oral-genital contact have shifted in a way that may leave people who engage in this activity unmindful of its potential health risks. Sex education programs, which generally focus on penile-vaginal contact, could help STD prevention efforts by explaining the risks associated with oral-genital stimulation and the measures that can be taken to minimize those risks."

Remarried stepfathers' experiences paying child support for nonresidential children were explored using a multiple-interview phenomenological approach with 11 fathers in the United States. Circumstances that negatively affected satisfaction with paying child support were seldom related to money, per se. Rather, the pervasive phenomenon that emerged was attempts at managing competing interests among themselves, their children, and their new families. Remarriage magnified feelings of disempowerment and introduced additional complexities to existing child support arrangements. Although generally satisfied with their child support obligations at divorce, fairness concerns arose over time and are situated within equity theory. Nonetheless, identity conceptualizations were more salient than exchange principles, and identity theory therefore frames a discussion on the centrality of a provider mentality among these fathers.

Attitudes toward reproducing with a deceased spouse’s cryopreserved gametes were examined with a probability sample of 864 respondents from throughout the continental United States. Specifically, a multiple segment factorial vignette was administered to test the effects of five contextual variables: (a) sex composition of the survivor and deceased, (b) marriage duration, (c) deceased’s disposition toward parenthood, (d) cause of death, and (e) wishes of the deceased’s parents. Roughly two-thirds of respondents were supportive of the procedure across experimental conditions, but support was more likely when the deceased was male, the couple had been married longer, the deceased had been looking forward to parenthood, the death was due to a car accident than suicide, and when the deceased’s parents supported the procedure. Rationales for supporting the procedure were primarily focused on the surviving spouse’s wishes or rights, the deceased’s implied or assumed wishes, and the opinion of the deceased’s parents. Those who opposed the procedure most frequently cited the deceased’s unknown wishes, concerns for the potential child, and the opinions of the deceased’s parents.

Although still exceedingly uncommon, evidence suggests that the prevalence of posthumous sperm retrieval requests for reproductive purposes has increased in recent years within the United States. These requests raise complex issues that pose challenges for physicians, legal scholars, and bioethicists. This study is among the first to examine the general population’s attitudes toward posthumous sperm retrieval and, more generally, toward posthumous reproduction. Specifically, the effects of five contextual circumstances—marital status, parental status, wishes of the deceased’s parents, context of death, and the wishes of the deceased—on attitudes toward posthumous sperm retrieval for the purpose of cryopreservation and reproduction were examined using a multiple segment factorial vignette with a probability sample of 846 households in the United States.  Marital status, disposition of the deceased’s parents, and the deceased’s wishes affected attitudes in predictable directions, parental status and cause of death had little bearing on attitudes, and respondent religiosity was negatively related to the perceived acceptability of posthumous sperm retrieval as well as medical professional’s obligation to perform the procedure.

Using a developmental systems framework and grounded theory methods, the study reported here describes the psychosocial experiences of late adolescents coping with parental cancer. Results suggest three primary psychosocial developmental influences, including multilevel influences, coping strategies to maintain control, and responses to uncertainty and anticipatory grief. Identity and intimacy were the two most salient psychosocial tasks. The central unifying concept of resilience was the primary psychosocial developmental outcome that resulted from coping with parental cancer during late adolescence. This finding illuminates the need for Extension to expand its focus on positive outcomes that can result from coping with life crises during adolescence.

Four
implications
for
youth
development
research
and
practice resulted
from
a
qualitative
study
on
psychosocial
developmental experiences
of
late
adolescents
coping
with
parental
cancer
during
late
adolescence.
The
study
employed
a
developmental
systems
framework and
grounded
theory
methods.
Results
suggest
three primary psychosocial
developmental
influences,
including
multilevel
influences (individual,
familial,
and
extra-familial
risk
and
protective
factors),
coping strategies
to
maintain
control,
and
responses
to
uncertainty
and anticipatory
grief.
The
particular combination
of
risk and
protective factors
present
in
participants’
lives
resulted
in positive
outcomes;
resilience
was
the
central
unifying
concept
that
characterized
the primary
psychosocial
developmental
outcomes
of each
participant.
This finding
illuminates
the
need
to
expand
our
focus
in
youth
development
research
and
practice
to
include
positive
developmental
outcomes
that can
result from
coping
with
life
crises
during
adolescence.

We examine research on the effects of computers and the Internet on families to bring about a better understanding of how this technology influences family life. We begin with an overview of the extent to which computers and the Internet have become part of the landscape of family life. To provide perspective, we also consider information about other communication technologies. Then we look at five questions regarding the effects of computers and the Internet on families: (a) How has the Internet affected romantic relationships? (b) How has the Internet affected family relationships? (c) How does the Internet affect family ties to social networks? (d) How is the intersection of work and family altered by the Internet? and (e) How can the Internet be used to help families?

Judges and attorneys often request professional assessments from child custody evaluators when allegations of adult domestic violence (DV) have been made, but it is unclear whether and how evaluators’ recommendations are impacted by these allegations. Custody evaluators (N = 607) in the United States responded to a multiple-segment factorial vignette designed to examine the effects of 2 key factors in DV allegations: type of alleged violence (conflict-based, control-based) and counterallegations (none, mutual, and female-initiated). Effects of control- versus conflict-based DV allegations by the mother on custody recommendations were small and the majority of evaluators recommended joint custody regardless of violence type. Reported confidence in making a recommendation increased once the father responded to the allegation, but to a smaller degree when a counterallegation of mutual or female-initiated violence was made. Evaluators were no more skeptical about the potential motive of a counterallegation in the context of controlling behavior than in the context of conflict-based behavior. Overall, results indicate that most custody evaluators are not sufficiently sensitized to distinguish between situational couple violence and coercive controlling behavior, and the postseparation safety of mothers and their children may therefore be jeopardized.

The present study examines three non-marital, romantic relationship dissolution types: (1) normal dyadic dissolution, (2) fatal attraction dissolution, and (3) social allergen dissolution among a sample of 321 emerging adults, who are between ages eighteen and twenty-nine. Results of an online survey revealed that normal dyadic dissolution occurred in 62%, social allergen dissolution occurred in 27%, and fatal attraction dissolution occurred in 11% of the participants' relational demises. Results also revealed that there is a surprising amount of overlap between the three dissolution types, and that age is not specifically correlated with a particular dissolution type. However, there are two predicators of dissolution type within an emerging adult population: perceived family support and whether or not the couple cohabitate.

OF THESIS A Non-Marital, Romantic Relationship Dissolution Study The present study examines three non-marital, romantic relationship dissolution types: (1) normal dyadic dissolution, (2) fatal attraction dissolution, and (3) social allergen dissolution among a sample of 321 emerging adults, who are between ages eighteen and twenty-nine. Results of an online survey revealed that normal dyadic dissolution occurred in 62%, social allergen dissolution occurred in 27%, and fatal attraction dissolution occurred in 11% of the participants’ relational demises. Results also revealed that there is a surprising amount of overlap between the three dissolution types, and that age is not specifically correlated with a particular dissolution type. However, there are two predicators of dissolution type within an emerging adult population: perceived family support and whether or not the couple cohabitate.

Throughout its history, Russian people have been under oppressive regimes of Tsars, Russian Orthodox Church, Communism, and “sovereign democracy” (Matvienko, 2008). This poster reviews concomitant changes in Russian family development in three large chronological stages: (a) evolution, before 1917; (b) revolution, between 1917 and 1990; and (c) reformation, after 1990. More specifically the poster addresses mate selection and the role of women in Russian families.

This poster presentation (November 2015, www.ncfr.org 2015 conference, Vancouver, Canada) offers an account of literature review (till 2015) on  transition to parenthood (TtP), a demanding and complex life experience for couples who set a goal for a quality relationship. This work uses family theories and describes issues couples face in TtP, based on demographic and relationship characteristics. Marital quality (MQ) in couples’ relationship over time is viewed via current research of couples in the U.S.A. and European countries. The scholarship is unanimous that MQ declines in up to 70% of couples postpartum (Gottman & Notarius, 2000; Kluwer, 2010; Kluwer & Johnson, 2007; Mitnick et al., 2009). Therefore, the goal of the poster was to highlight the issues in the problem and show how couples could increase their capacity to overcome hardships of TtP by engaging in educational interventions that were found to be more effective when they incorporate prenatal and postnatal components, last more than five sessions, and had professional personnel leading the training versus semiprofessionals (Halford et al., 2010; Pinquart & Teubert, 2010a, 2010b; Schulz et al., 2006). Such interventions according to empirical evidences (Pinquart & Teubert, 2010a) build up capacity against relationship decline in TtP.

Integrating family systems, symbolic interactionism, and Sternberg’s (1986) triangle theory of love, this study dyadically analyzed the relationship between feelings of love toward the partner on the person’s own and partner’s sexual satisfaction. Daily data from 89 mixed-sex distinguishable dyads were collected over 30 continuous days. APIM results suggested statistical positive relationship between experiencing love for the partner on a person’s own as well as their partner’s sexual satisfaction. There were no statistically significant differences between men and women on the magnitude of the effects. Results of the study are informative for researchers, counselors, educators, therapists, and other practitioners.

Spatial statistics has a rich tradition in earth, economic, and epidemiological sciences and has potential to affect the study of couples as well. When applied to couple data, spatial statistics can model within-and between-couple differences with results that are readily accessible for researchers and clinicians. This article offers a primer in using spatial statistics as a methodological tool for analyzing dyadic data. The article will introduce spatial approaches, review data structure required for spatial analysis, available software, and examples of data output.

OF DISSERTATION PATHWAYS FROM RELIGIOSITY TO COUPLE’S SATISFACTION THROUGH RELATIONAL VIRTUES AND EQUALITY IN TWO CULTURES To explore relational processes of couple’s satisfaction this study drew on the relational spirituality framework (Mahoney, 2010) in order to test a relational religiosity model to evaluate the effects of public, private, ideological, intellectual, and experiential religiosity that were mediated by relational virtues of commitment, sacrifice, forgiveness, and sanctification and relational equality on couple’s satisfaction in two cultures. Data for this component used convenience samples of English-speaking respondents (hereafter American sample; n = 1,529) and Russian-speaking respondents (hereafter Russian sample; n = 529). Results provided evidence to partially support relational religiosity model; specifically commitment, while a statistically significant intervening element, worked alongside other relational virtues such as (a) sanctification, as hypothesize...

Аннотация Актуальность вопросов оценки эффективности форматов обучения в электронной среде в инклюзивном высшем образовании продиктована необходимостью формирования доступной электронной среды. Целью данного исследования является изучение специфики реализации языкового онлайн-марафона в качестве формата микрообучения для студентов с нарушением слуха при изучении иностранного языка. В результате выявлены некоторые различия в динамике и активности студентов с нарушением слуха при прохождении онлайнкурсов в разных форматах. Что касается выполнения заданий в срок, не было выявлено статистически подтвержденной разницы в количестве заданий, представленных в срок. Однако при прохождении онлайн-марафона наблюдается увеличение количества студентов, сдавших в срок большую часть заданий, а также частота выполнения заданий. Количество выполненных заданий равномерно растет по ходу проведения онлайн-марафона, в то время как в ходе работы с электронным учебным курсом их количество снижается в среднем периоде. По результатам анкетирования большинство респондентов положительно оценили свое участие в марафоне. Микрокурс, разработанный и реализованный в формате онлайн-марафона для глухих и слабослышащих студентов ИжГТУ им. М. Т. Калашникова, был включен в список «Марафона лучших практик по применению новых технологий обучения, воспитания и социализации обучающихся с ограниченными возможностями здоровья и инвалидов в вузах Российской Федерации». Ключевые слова: инклюзивное образование, микрокурс, иностранный язык, слабослышащие и глухие студенты, языковой марафон, электронное обучение.

Population and Sample .20 Instrumentation Data Collection Delimitations Significance of the Study Overview of the Study 22 CHAPTER 2. HISTORICAL, THEOLOGICAL, AND THEORETICAL LITERATURE REVIEW 2 4 Brief History of Emergence and Development of Pentecostahsm in Russia.. 24 Theological Foundation 27 Literature Review 39 Continuity and Discontinuity between the Cultures 41 Overview of Previous Studies 52 Conclusion 54 CHAPTER 3. DESIGN OF THE STUDY