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Noel Carroll

University of Galway, Business Information Systems, Faculty Member

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Noel Carroll is an Associate Professor in Business Information Systems in the School of Business & Economics, University of Galway and is a Funded Investigator at the Lero, the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Software. He founded the Citizen Development Lab (citizendevelopmentlab.com) at the University of Galway which focuses on low-code/no-code for digitization, innovation, and digital transformation within organizations. His principal research expertise straddles across three key domains of research: (i) information systems; (ii) health informatics; and (iii) software engineering and has published in high quality journals and conferences.
Noel enjoys industry engagement, and his interests include seeking ways to support organisations in developing transformation strategies in software development, digital innovation, and health informatics for multinationals, SMEs, and start-ups. He has published in leading international journals and conferences.

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Edilson Rodrigues

Loughborough University

Gilda Antonelli

University of Sannio - Benevento (Italy)

University of the Cumberlands

Bar-Ilan University

Hemantha Herath

Dr. Zamokuhle Mbandlwa

Durban University of Technology

The University of Manchester

University of Bristol

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Papers by Noel Carroll

Normalising the "new normal": Changing tech-driven work practices under pandemic time pressure

International Journal of Information Management , 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has had massive implications for the nature of work and the role technology... more The COVID-19 pandemic has had massive implications for the nature of work and the role technology plays in the workplace. Organisations have been forced into rapid 'big bang' introduction of technology and 'tech-driven' practices in an unprecedented and time pressured manner. In many cases there has been little training or reflection on how the practices and associated technology should be introduced and integrated or adapted to suit the new workplace context. We argue that there is a need for a more reflective 'normalisation' of work practices and the role technology plays. The paper draws on normalisation process theory (NPT) and its underlying components of cohesion, cognitive participation, collective action and reflexive monitoring. As an exemplar, we focus on the changing nature of work and adoption of remote working practices. The paper uses NPT to examine current thinking and approaches and offering some guidelines to inform research and practice.

Transform or be transformed the importance of research on managing and sustaining digital transformations

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS , 2023

Digital transformation is here to stay. With the emergence of new digital innovations and diverse... more Digital transformation is here to stay. With the emergence of new digital innovations and diverse and rich data sources, only those organisations that can adapt faster and make better, quicker decisions will become more competitive. Yet, being a first mover is only the start of the transformation process. Organisations need to address and implement digital strategies to manage and sustain a digital transformation in order to stay with, or ahead of, their competition. In this article, we outline some of the key challenges associated with researching digital transformations within the information systems (IS) field and stress the importance of shifting the focus on how digital transformations are managed and sustained. To explore this further, we launched a Special Issue on “Managing and Sustaining Digital Transformations” and received a large volume of submissions. After a series of reviews and revisions, we were delighted to unearth four excellent articles on this important topic. Our hope with this Special Issue is to improve researchers’ abilities to identify the importance of managing and sustaining digital transformations and to encourage them to build on these contributions to better unpack the digital transformation process for the future.

Problematizing Assumptions on Digital Transformation Research in

Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 2023

In an era of heightened uncertainty and urgency around disruption, digital transformation has bec... more In an era of heightened uncertainty and urgency around disruption, digital transformation has become a global priority on leadership agendas and garnered the attention of researchers across the Information Systems (IS) field. But the ongoing acceleration of digital technologies not only poses great opportunities but also major challenges for organizations that use digital transformation as a means to survive. Yet, literature on how to successfully implement, manage, and sustain digital transformations that possibly change an organization’s business model, along with its product offering, structure, and culture, is often vague and hence various assumptions can go unexamined. This panel report aggregates insights from an author development workshop on “Managing and Sustaining Digital Transformations” and provides different perspectives from six experts. Specifically, it adopts the problematization method to discuss ten commonly held assumptions regarding digital transformation and presents a research roadmap to guide digital transformation research in the future.

Low Code and No Code in Secondary Education Empowering Teachers to Embed Citizen Development in Schools

Computers in the Schools, 2024

Citizen Development (CD) is a method of delivering low-code no-code (LCNC) development that empow... more Citizen Development (CD) is a method of delivering low-code no-code (LCNC) development that empowers subject matter experts to design, develop, and deploy applications into production as though they were full-on, experienced coders. This paper explores teachers’ perceptions around the potential for, and enactment of LCNC in our education system. Workshops, surveys, and interviews were conducted with in-service teachers. Teachers are open to improving their digital skills. Nevertheless, some teachers fear technology and are reluctant to embrace change. Our results indicate that it is timely to leverage the increased use of technologies in the classroom before teaching reverts to pre-pandemic norms of “face-toface.” CD provides an excellent opportunity to introduce teachers and students to aspects of computer science without placing demands on them to develop technical skills. The paper provides considerations for the adoption of CD in our education system and in initial teacher education programs.

Why do so many digital transformations fail? A bibliometric analysis and future research agenda

Journal of Business Research, 2024

Over the past decade, there has been a surge of publications focusing on digital transformation (... more Over the past decade, there has been a surge of publications focusing on digital transformation (DT). Yet, while the majority of current research reports on DT implementation, we continue to learn about the significant risk posed by high failure rates in these transformation efforts. This raises a crucial research question: "Why do so many digital transformations fail?" We conducted a bibliometric analysis to examine this question, identifying the key themes related to the failure of DT. Using thematic mapping, we scrutinise the literature to delve into the main causes behind the limited advancements in comprehending DT failure and the absence of both conceptual and empirical clarity on the new phenomena of DT. Our findings indicate a widespread tendency to categorise the DT ecosystem using terms like 'technology', 'information system', and 'management', among others. However, this approach neglects an in-depth examination of the specific and novel aspects of DT that have contributed to its failures. Additionally, we propose key recommendations for shaping future research agendas in this domain.

Are we inventing ourselves out of our own usefulness? Striking a balance between creativity and AI

AI & Society, 2024

Temporal Complexity in Information Systems Development Flow Chal

Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 2024

Flow techniques originate from lean thinking and have gained traction as a popular and effective ... more Flow techniques originate from lean thinking and have gained traction as a popular and effective approach to Information System Development (ISD). ISD flow’s key differentiating features include continuous development, event-based scheduling, and an emphasis on speed. Flow metrics such as lead time, cycle time, and touch time are used to measure, understand, and manage the flow of work. However, despite the clear focus on time in ISD flow techniques, both ISD generally and ISD flow research tend to adopt a simplistic 'clock' interpretation of time, neglecting the complex, multi-faceted, and socially embedded nature of temporality. In response, this research applies temporality theory to investigate ISD flow in six global teams, exploring concepts such as event time, synchronization, and temporal perception and personality. The study contributes to research and practice by (i) identifying the temporal characteristics of ISD flow techniques, (ii) identifying challenges associated with these temporal characteristics, (iii) providing recommendations for addressing these temporal challenges, and (iv) developing an extensive roadmap for future research to reduce the current gap in literature and practice. Although the focus is on flow techniques, the insights derived can be adapted and applied to other ISD contexts.

An extended community of inquiry framework supporting students in online and digital education

INNOVATIONS IN EDUCATION AND TEACHING INTERNATIONAL, 2024

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, universities across the world were forced to move from a cl... more In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, universities across the world were forced to move from a classroom-based delivery model to an online learning model which heavily disrupted the learning process for students. Despite proactive efforts for academic staff to embrace online teaching tools and techniques, the pressing urgency with which solutions were implemented raised concerns about the competence of academic staff to deliver online education effectively, the capabilities of digital tools and technologies required for different topics, and the quality of students’ learning experiences. Within a university postgraduate setting, this research adopts the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework to explore the social presence, teaching presence, and cognitive presence as essential elements facilitating the educational experiences of 100 students within an online learning environment. The findings expand current literature by proposing a revised CoI framework, the Digital Community of Inquiry Framework, to highlight an additional need, that of ‘self-presence’.

Beyond Boundaries- A reflection on the implementation of universal design for learning in business school pedagogy

All Ireland Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education (AISHE-J), 2024

Universal Design for Learning (UDL) has the potential to enhance educational inclusivity by offer... more Universal Design for Learning (UDL) has the potential to enhance educational inclusivity by offering all learners equal opportunities to succeed. This article presents a comprehensive reflection on the implementation of UDL principles within a university business school, highlighting the similarities and disparities between undergraduate and postgraduate levels, and providing additional insights into the implications and challenges of UDL adoption. The authors call for a global commitment to embedding UDL principles within business school pedagogy. This is important to ensure inclusive and equitable education for an increasingly diverse student body, while also preparing students as tomorrow's leaders to engage in positive global change, in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

EXPLORING THE NATURE OF RISK IN DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION: A PROBLEMATISATION PERSPECTIVE OF LOW-CODE/ NO-CODE PLATFORM RISK

by Andrew Brosnan, Stephen McCarthy, and Noel Carroll

Low code/no code (LCNC) enterprise solutions present a new dimension to digital transformation th... more Low code/no code (LCNC) enterprise solutions present a new dimension to digital transformation through supporting stakeholders in developing new capabilities in-house without a traditional IS development background. In addition to the widely cited benefits however, are inherent risks to introducing these platforms within a wider organisational digital transformation. The risks and their impacts on digital transformation have not been explored to date. As these platforms introduce several unique characteristics which challenge the current understanding of risk as a concept, this study presents a critical perspective on several assumptions which have impacts on the viability of LCNC-enabled digital transformations. In doing so, we present a foundation for future research in leveraging these solutions for more successful transformations through managing the inherent risks in LCNC platforms.

In Technology We Trust: Extending TAM from a Healthcare Technology Perspective

2018 IEEE International Conference on Healthcare Informatics (ICHI), 2018

In recent years, healthcare technology applications have rapidly influenced and changed primary h... more In recent years, healthcare technology applications have rapidly influenced and changed primary healthcare service delivery. By adopting the Theory of Reasoned Action, this study investigates the antecedents that influence healthcare professionals to trust and use healthcare technology. It incorporates a framework of technology acceptance by individual healthcare professionals, illustrating how healthcare technology acceptance can improve overall healthcare services. We explain this by extending the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) for healthcare technology. In particular, building on our previous systematic mapping review, we propose a conceptual model which incorporates the construct of trust into the TAM. This research contribution supports researchers to identify new insights on the effects of trust on the 'intention to use' of healthcare technology.

Software-as-a-Medical Device: demystifying Connected Health regulations

Journal of Systems and Information Technology, 2016

Purpose Connected Health is an emerging and rapidly developing field never before witnessed acros... more Purpose Connected Health is an emerging and rapidly developing field never before witnessed across the healthcare sector. It has the potential to transform healthcare service systems by increasing its safety, quality and overall efficiency. However, as healthcare technologies or medical devices continuously rely more on software development, one of the core challenges is examining how Connected Health is regulated – often impacting Connected Health innovation. The purpose of this paper is to present an understanding of how Connected Health is regulated. Many of these regulatory developments fall under “medical devices”, giving rise to Software-as-a-Medical Device (SaaMD). Design/methodology/approach Through an extensive literature review, this paper demystifies Connected Health regulation. It presents the outcome of expert discussions which explore the key regulatory developments in the context of Connected Health to provide a practical guide to understanding how regulation can pote...

Mapping a Careflow Network to assess the connectedness of Connected Health

Health informatics journal, 2017

Connected Health is an emerging and rapidly developing field which has the potential to transform... more Connected Health is an emerging and rapidly developing field which has the potential to transform healthcare service systems by increasing its safety, quality and overall efficiency. From a healthcare perspective, process improvement models have mainly focused on the static workflow viewpoint. The objective of this article is to study and model the dynamic nature of healthcare delivery, allowing us to identify where potential issues exist within the service system and to examine how Connected Health technological solutions may support service efficiencies. We explore the application of social network analysis (SNA) as a modelling technique which captures the dynamic nature of a healthcare service. We demonstrate how it can be used to map the 'Careflow Network' and guide Connected Health innovators to examine specific opportunities within the healthcare service. Our results indicate that healthcare technology must be correctly identified and implemented within the Careflow Ne...

The Practitioner's Perspective on Clinical Pathway Support Systems

2014 IEEE International Conference on Healthcare Informatics, 2014

ABSTRACT Context. Clinical pathway support system can ease the clinician burden by prompting appr... more ABSTRACT Context. Clinical pathway support system can ease the clinician burden by prompting appropriate actions at different stages of a patient consultation. However, while the attitudes of clinicians towards the use of these systems are overwhelmingly positive, system designers still encounter significant challenges to their use in the clinical environment. Aims. To explore the role of support systems in healthcare and whether the concept of decision support for clinical pathways is valid. Method. We conducted nineteen evaluations, interviews and questionnaires, with patient-facing healthcare professionals on the use of support systems in a clinical setting. Results. The results highlighted the perceived benefits and weaknesses of support systems. These results are presented as a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis. Conclusions. While the logic of support systems in healthcare is evident, in the reality of clinical practice, other factors influence the success of these systems. This has significant implications for the acceptability and the relevance of support systems. The successful implementation and judicious use of these systems will need to develop an understanding of practitioner concerns.

Towards the Development of a Cloud Service Capability Assessment Framework

Computer Communications and Networks, 2014

Considering the complexity of today’s service environment, Small-to-Medium sized Enterprises (SME... more Considering the complexity of today’s service environment, Small-to-Medium sized Enterprises (SMEs) cannot afford to accept the status quo of service operations, and therefore, they must have some clear business analytics objectives to reach. Without clear metric objectives, organisations are almost destined for disaster since the allocation of resources may not have responded to the demand exerted from outside of the organisation. This is particularly true within a complex and rapidly changing cloud computing environment. The cloud dynamic ecosystem is moving toward a collection of services which interoperate across the Internet. This chapter offers a discussion on an approach to assessing cloud capabilities through cloud service capability assessment framework (CSCAF). Service metrics play a critical role in CSCAF that presents managers with a practical framework to carry out cloud capability assessments. The process may be simply described as publishing, retrieving, and managing cloud service descriptions, service publications which are matched with descriptions of consumer’s requirements and service matching.

Towards a Framework for Defining and Categorising Business Process-As-A-Service (BPaaS)

This paper studies a fourth emerging service model of cloud computing, Business Process as a Serv... more This paper studies a fourth emerging service model of cloud computing, Business Process as a Service (BPaaS). BPaaS is generating hype but it is under researched with a lack of clarity regarding how BPaaS differentiates itself from other service models and what opportunities and challenges it presents for management and organisations attempting to implement it. In this paper we examine the theoretical underpinnings of BPaaS with a view to developing an understanding of the potential value of adopting the BPaaS model and its implications for the realisation of business value from cloud computing. We develop the SEIFS framework (Situation, Elemental, Integration, Flexibility, and Scalability) to provide guidance in the classification of cloud services as BPaaS or otherwise and attempt to validate this framework by using a series of case studies based in Irish cloud computing firms. Our paper aims to contribute to the literature by addressing confusion in the classification of cloud se...

Are we inventing ourselves out of our own usefulness? Striking a balance between creativity and AI

AI & society, Feb 12, 2024

How Is Value Created Within An Inner Source Environment?

Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Open Collaboration

Awareness and indeed adoption of open source practices inside corporate entities, something terme... more Awareness and indeed adoption of open source practices inside corporate entities, something termed Inner Source, has become quite popular in recent years. However, the majority of research efforts focus on industry-driven Inner Source adoption with little or no conceptual accounts of how value is created and sustained within Inner Source environments. This research-in-progress explains how an Inner Source Capability Maturity Model (IS-CMM) can offer a structure to guide Inner Source strategies and sustaining value co-creation.

Actor-Network Theory

Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology, 2014

Public sector institutions continue to significantly invest in Information and Communication Tech... more Public sector institutions continue to significantly invest in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as a solution for many of their service provision challenges, for example, greater efficiency and quality of services. However, what has come to light is that there is a lack of research on understanding the contributory value or “success” of technological innovations. This chapter introduces a socio-technical view of public service innovation. The aim of this research is to extend on the notion of bureaucracy, which is traditionally focused on the politics of office environments. This socio-technical view extends this traditional view to include the politics of service networks, particularly within IT-enabled public service innovation. The chapter focuses on how service innovation is exploited to align specific interests through the process of translation and shifts the focus from value co-creation to value co-enactment. In essence, this chapter explains how public service ...

Theorizing on the Normalization of Digital Transformations

Normalising the "new normal": Changing tech-driven work practices under pandemic time pressure

International Journal of Information Management , 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has had massive implications for the nature of work and the role technology... more The COVID-19 pandemic has had massive implications for the nature of work and the role technology plays in the workplace. Organisations have been forced into rapid 'big bang' introduction of technology and 'tech-driven' practices in an unprecedented and time pressured manner. In many cases there has been little training or reflection on how the practices and associated technology should be introduced and integrated or adapted to suit the new workplace context. We argue that there is a need for a more reflective 'normalisation' of work practices and the role technology plays. The paper draws on normalisation process theory (NPT) and its underlying components of cohesion, cognitive participation, collective action and reflexive monitoring. As an exemplar, we focus on the changing nature of work and adoption of remote working practices. The paper uses NPT to examine current thinking and approaches and offering some guidelines to inform research and practice.

Transform or be transformed the importance of research on managing and sustaining digital transformations

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS , 2023

Digital transformation is here to stay. With the emergence of new digital innovations and diverse... more Digital transformation is here to stay. With the emergence of new digital innovations and diverse and rich data sources, only those organisations that can adapt faster and make better, quicker decisions will become more competitive. Yet, being a first mover is only the start of the transformation process. Organisations need to address and implement digital strategies to manage and sustain a digital transformation in order to stay with, or ahead of, their competition. In this article, we outline some of the key challenges associated with researching digital transformations within the information systems (IS) field and stress the importance of shifting the focus on how digital transformations are managed and sustained. To explore this further, we launched a Special Issue on “Managing and Sustaining Digital Transformations” and received a large volume of submissions. After a series of reviews and revisions, we were delighted to unearth four excellent articles on this important topic. Our hope with this Special Issue is to improve researchers’ abilities to identify the importance of managing and sustaining digital transformations and to encourage them to build on these contributions to better unpack the digital transformation process for the future.

Problematizing Assumptions on Digital Transformation Research in

Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 2023

In an era of heightened uncertainty and urgency around disruption, digital transformation has bec... more In an era of heightened uncertainty and urgency around disruption, digital transformation has become a global priority on leadership agendas and garnered the attention of researchers across the Information Systems (IS) field. But the ongoing acceleration of digital technologies not only poses great opportunities but also major challenges for organizations that use digital transformation as a means to survive. Yet, literature on how to successfully implement, manage, and sustain digital transformations that possibly change an organization’s business model, along with its product offering, structure, and culture, is often vague and hence various assumptions can go unexamined. This panel report aggregates insights from an author development workshop on “Managing and Sustaining Digital Transformations” and provides different perspectives from six experts. Specifically, it adopts the problematization method to discuss ten commonly held assumptions regarding digital transformation and presents a research roadmap to guide digital transformation research in the future.

Low Code and No Code in Secondary Education Empowering Teachers to Embed Citizen Development in Schools

Computers in the Schools, 2024

Citizen Development (CD) is a method of delivering low-code no-code (LCNC) development that empow... more Citizen Development (CD) is a method of delivering low-code no-code (LCNC) development that empowers subject matter experts to design, develop, and deploy applications into production as though they were full-on, experienced coders. This paper explores teachers’ perceptions around the potential for, and enactment of LCNC in our education system. Workshops, surveys, and interviews were conducted with in-service teachers. Teachers are open to improving their digital skills. Nevertheless, some teachers fear technology and are reluctant to embrace change. Our results indicate that it is timely to leverage the increased use of technologies in the classroom before teaching reverts to pre-pandemic norms of “face-toface.” CD provides an excellent opportunity to introduce teachers and students to aspects of computer science without placing demands on them to develop technical skills. The paper provides considerations for the adoption of CD in our education system and in initial teacher education programs.

Why do so many digital transformations fail? A bibliometric analysis and future research agenda

Journal of Business Research, 2024

Over the past decade, there has been a surge of publications focusing on digital transformation (... more Over the past decade, there has been a surge of publications focusing on digital transformation (DT). Yet, while the majority of current research reports on DT implementation, we continue to learn about the significant risk posed by high failure rates in these transformation efforts. This raises a crucial research question: "Why do so many digital transformations fail?" We conducted a bibliometric analysis to examine this question, identifying the key themes related to the failure of DT. Using thematic mapping, we scrutinise the literature to delve into the main causes behind the limited advancements in comprehending DT failure and the absence of both conceptual and empirical clarity on the new phenomena of DT. Our findings indicate a widespread tendency to categorise the DT ecosystem using terms like 'technology', 'information system', and 'management', among others. However, this approach neglects an in-depth examination of the specific and novel aspects of DT that have contributed to its failures. Additionally, we propose key recommendations for shaping future research agendas in this domain.

Are we inventing ourselves out of our own usefulness? Striking a balance between creativity and AI

AI & Society, 2024

Temporal Complexity in Information Systems Development Flow Chal

Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 2024

Flow techniques originate from lean thinking and have gained traction as a popular and effective ... more Flow techniques originate from lean thinking and have gained traction as a popular and effective approach to Information System Development (ISD). ISD flow’s key differentiating features include continuous development, event-based scheduling, and an emphasis on speed. Flow metrics such as lead time, cycle time, and touch time are used to measure, understand, and manage the flow of work. However, despite the clear focus on time in ISD flow techniques, both ISD generally and ISD flow research tend to adopt a simplistic 'clock' interpretation of time, neglecting the complex, multi-faceted, and socially embedded nature of temporality. In response, this research applies temporality theory to investigate ISD flow in six global teams, exploring concepts such as event time, synchronization, and temporal perception and personality. The study contributes to research and practice by (i) identifying the temporal characteristics of ISD flow techniques, (ii) identifying challenges associated with these temporal characteristics, (iii) providing recommendations for addressing these temporal challenges, and (iv) developing an extensive roadmap for future research to reduce the current gap in literature and practice. Although the focus is on flow techniques, the insights derived can be adapted and applied to other ISD contexts.

An extended community of inquiry framework supporting students in online and digital education

INNOVATIONS IN EDUCATION AND TEACHING INTERNATIONAL, 2024

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, universities across the world were forced to move from a cl... more In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, universities across the world were forced to move from a classroom-based delivery model to an online learning model which heavily disrupted the learning process for students. Despite proactive efforts for academic staff to embrace online teaching tools and techniques, the pressing urgency with which solutions were implemented raised concerns about the competence of academic staff to deliver online education effectively, the capabilities of digital tools and technologies required for different topics, and the quality of students’ learning experiences. Within a university postgraduate setting, this research adopts the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework to explore the social presence, teaching presence, and cognitive presence as essential elements facilitating the educational experiences of 100 students within an online learning environment. The findings expand current literature by proposing a revised CoI framework, the Digital Community of Inquiry Framework, to highlight an additional need, that of ‘self-presence’.

Beyond Boundaries- A reflection on the implementation of universal design for learning in business school pedagogy

All Ireland Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education (AISHE-J), 2024

Universal Design for Learning (UDL) has the potential to enhance educational inclusivity by offer... more Universal Design for Learning (UDL) has the potential to enhance educational inclusivity by offering all learners equal opportunities to succeed. This article presents a comprehensive reflection on the implementation of UDL principles within a university business school, highlighting the similarities and disparities between undergraduate and postgraduate levels, and providing additional insights into the implications and challenges of UDL adoption. The authors call for a global commitment to embedding UDL principles within business school pedagogy. This is important to ensure inclusive and equitable education for an increasingly diverse student body, while also preparing students as tomorrow's leaders to engage in positive global change, in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

EXPLORING THE NATURE OF RISK IN DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION: A PROBLEMATISATION PERSPECTIVE OF LOW-CODE/ NO-CODE PLATFORM RISK

by Andrew Brosnan, Stephen McCarthy, and Noel Carroll

Low code/no code (LCNC) enterprise solutions present a new dimension to digital transformation th... more Low code/no code (LCNC) enterprise solutions present a new dimension to digital transformation through supporting stakeholders in developing new capabilities in-house without a traditional IS development background. In addition to the widely cited benefits however, are inherent risks to introducing these platforms within a wider organisational digital transformation. The risks and their impacts on digital transformation have not been explored to date. As these platforms introduce several unique characteristics which challenge the current understanding of risk as a concept, this study presents a critical perspective on several assumptions which have impacts on the viability of LCNC-enabled digital transformations. In doing so, we present a foundation for future research in leveraging these solutions for more successful transformations through managing the inherent risks in LCNC platforms.

In Technology We Trust: Extending TAM from a Healthcare Technology Perspective

2018 IEEE International Conference on Healthcare Informatics (ICHI), 2018

In recent years, healthcare technology applications have rapidly influenced and changed primary h... more In recent years, healthcare technology applications have rapidly influenced and changed primary healthcare service delivery. By adopting the Theory of Reasoned Action, this study investigates the antecedents that influence healthcare professionals to trust and use healthcare technology. It incorporates a framework of technology acceptance by individual healthcare professionals, illustrating how healthcare technology acceptance can improve overall healthcare services. We explain this by extending the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) for healthcare technology. In particular, building on our previous systematic mapping review, we propose a conceptual model which incorporates the construct of trust into the TAM. This research contribution supports researchers to identify new insights on the effects of trust on the 'intention to use' of healthcare technology.

Software-as-a-Medical Device: demystifying Connected Health regulations

Journal of Systems and Information Technology, 2016

Purpose Connected Health is an emerging and rapidly developing field never before witnessed acros... more Purpose Connected Health is an emerging and rapidly developing field never before witnessed across the healthcare sector. It has the potential to transform healthcare service systems by increasing its safety, quality and overall efficiency. However, as healthcare technologies or medical devices continuously rely more on software development, one of the core challenges is examining how Connected Health is regulated – often impacting Connected Health innovation. The purpose of this paper is to present an understanding of how Connected Health is regulated. Many of these regulatory developments fall under “medical devices”, giving rise to Software-as-a-Medical Device (SaaMD). Design/methodology/approach Through an extensive literature review, this paper demystifies Connected Health regulation. It presents the outcome of expert discussions which explore the key regulatory developments in the context of Connected Health to provide a practical guide to understanding how regulation can pote...

Mapping a Careflow Network to assess the connectedness of Connected Health

Health informatics journal, 2017

Connected Health is an emerging and rapidly developing field which has the potential to transform... more Connected Health is an emerging and rapidly developing field which has the potential to transform healthcare service systems by increasing its safety, quality and overall efficiency. From a healthcare perspective, process improvement models have mainly focused on the static workflow viewpoint. The objective of this article is to study and model the dynamic nature of healthcare delivery, allowing us to identify where potential issues exist within the service system and to examine how Connected Health technological solutions may support service efficiencies. We explore the application of social network analysis (SNA) as a modelling technique which captures the dynamic nature of a healthcare service. We demonstrate how it can be used to map the 'Careflow Network' and guide Connected Health innovators to examine specific opportunities within the healthcare service. Our results indicate that healthcare technology must be correctly identified and implemented within the Careflow Ne...

The Practitioner's Perspective on Clinical Pathway Support Systems

2014 IEEE International Conference on Healthcare Informatics, 2014

ABSTRACT Context. Clinical pathway support system can ease the clinician burden by prompting appr... more ABSTRACT Context. Clinical pathway support system can ease the clinician burden by prompting appropriate actions at different stages of a patient consultation. However, while the attitudes of clinicians towards the use of these systems are overwhelmingly positive, system designers still encounter significant challenges to their use in the clinical environment. Aims. To explore the role of support systems in healthcare and whether the concept of decision support for clinical pathways is valid. Method. We conducted nineteen evaluations, interviews and questionnaires, with patient-facing healthcare professionals on the use of support systems in a clinical setting. Results. The results highlighted the perceived benefits and weaknesses of support systems. These results are presented as a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis. Conclusions. While the logic of support systems in healthcare is evident, in the reality of clinical practice, other factors influence the success of these systems. This has significant implications for the acceptability and the relevance of support systems. The successful implementation and judicious use of these systems will need to develop an understanding of practitioner concerns.

Towards the Development of a Cloud Service Capability Assessment Framework

Computer Communications and Networks, 2014

Considering the complexity of today’s service environment, Small-to-Medium sized Enterprises (SME... more Considering the complexity of today’s service environment, Small-to-Medium sized Enterprises (SMEs) cannot afford to accept the status quo of service operations, and therefore, they must have some clear business analytics objectives to reach. Without clear metric objectives, organisations are almost destined for disaster since the allocation of resources may not have responded to the demand exerted from outside of the organisation. This is particularly true within a complex and rapidly changing cloud computing environment. The cloud dynamic ecosystem is moving toward a collection of services which interoperate across the Internet. This chapter offers a discussion on an approach to assessing cloud capabilities through cloud service capability assessment framework (CSCAF). Service metrics play a critical role in CSCAF that presents managers with a practical framework to carry out cloud capability assessments. The process may be simply described as publishing, retrieving, and managing cloud service descriptions, service publications which are matched with descriptions of consumer’s requirements and service matching.

Towards a Framework for Defining and Categorising Business Process-As-A-Service (BPaaS)

This paper studies a fourth emerging service model of cloud computing, Business Process as a Serv... more This paper studies a fourth emerging service model of cloud computing, Business Process as a Service (BPaaS). BPaaS is generating hype but it is under researched with a lack of clarity regarding how BPaaS differentiates itself from other service models and what opportunities and challenges it presents for management and organisations attempting to implement it. In this paper we examine the theoretical underpinnings of BPaaS with a view to developing an understanding of the potential value of adopting the BPaaS model and its implications for the realisation of business value from cloud computing. We develop the SEIFS framework (Situation, Elemental, Integration, Flexibility, and Scalability) to provide guidance in the classification of cloud services as BPaaS or otherwise and attempt to validate this framework by using a series of case studies based in Irish cloud computing firms. Our paper aims to contribute to the literature by addressing confusion in the classification of cloud se...

Are we inventing ourselves out of our own usefulness? Striking a balance between creativity and AI

AI & society, Feb 12, 2024

How Is Value Created Within An Inner Source Environment?

Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Open Collaboration

Awareness and indeed adoption of open source practices inside corporate entities, something terme... more Awareness and indeed adoption of open source practices inside corporate entities, something termed Inner Source, has become quite popular in recent years. However, the majority of research efforts focus on industry-driven Inner Source adoption with little or no conceptual accounts of how value is created and sustained within Inner Source environments. This research-in-progress explains how an Inner Source Capability Maturity Model (IS-CMM) can offer a structure to guide Inner Source strategies and sustaining value co-creation.

Actor-Network Theory

Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology, 2014

Public sector institutions continue to significantly invest in Information and Communication Tech... more Public sector institutions continue to significantly invest in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as a solution for many of their service provision challenges, for example, greater efficiency and quality of services. However, what has come to light is that there is a lack of research on understanding the contributory value or “success” of technological innovations. This chapter introduces a socio-technical view of public service innovation. The aim of this research is to extend on the notion of bureaucracy, which is traditionally focused on the politics of office environments. This socio-technical view extends this traditional view to include the politics of service networks, particularly within IT-enabled public service innovation. The chapter focuses on how service innovation is exploited to align specific interests through the process of translation and shifts the focus from value co-creation to value co-enactment. In essence, this chapter explains how public service ...

Theorizing on the Normalization of Digital Transformations

Special Issue: Software Engineering for Connected Health (SECH) Guest Co-Editors

by Noel Carroll and Craig Kuziemsky

Introduction Societal and demographic changes, coupled with economic challenges, have driven the ... more Introduction Societal and demographic changes, coupled with economic challenges, have driven the need for transformation with respect to how we deliver health and social care in our community. Due to growing populations and medical advances, it is inevitable that healthcare demands will outgrow healthcare professionals' capabilities to deliver safe quality care in a timely manner. A large component of healthcare transformative efforts focus on the need to support care delivery across various providers and settings. This need has given rise to the emergence of Connected Health – a new, yet complex socio-technical model for healthcare management. As a response to these growing needs, there has been significant growth in the development of new technologies to drive connectivity across the healthcare sector. Connected Health has already contributed towards changes in healthcare practice and these changes highlight the growing reliance and trust we now place on healthcare systems and software embedded in technologies. Therefore, software engineering will continue to play a crucial role in healthcare transformation efforts thus requiring emphasis to be placed on Software Engineering for Connected Health. However, healthcare transformation efforts such as Connected Health are still in their infancy, and therefore we still need to learn about how to design and evaluate software to support endeavours such as Connected Health. In this Special Issue of the Journal of Software Evolution and Process, we aim to extend the Connected Health field within Software Engineering by identifying the limitations of the existing theories and to develop new or revised theories of Software Engineering for Connected Health. Thus, we seek high quality, state-of-the-art research and practice papers dealing with the conception, development, testing, management, quality, maintenance, and evolution of healthcare software, systems and services, as well as the continuous improvement of processes and capabilities surrounding them within a Connected Health context. Papers can explore different software engineering models, methods, processes ranging from software quality, processes, design, interoperability, safety, security, workflow integration, compliance and regulatory, innovation and transformation, and software analytics. We are also interested in research on recent advances in software engineering to drive healthcare transformation through innovation and integration of software solutions. These may range from mobile solutions, implantable devices, electronic records, robotic-driven processes which demonstrate how software plays a critical role in the evolution of our modern healthcare service. Submission Types We are looking for a wide range of contributions and invite broad participation from people who are actively involved in research and development of Software Engineering for Connected Health and research areas of interest include but are not limited to: • Healthcare software and systems design and evolution • Connected Health software platforms and architectures • Connected Health process improvement • Globally distributed healthcare software projects

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