Applied Stochastic Models in Business and Industry, 2017

This paper considers information properties of coherent systems when component lifetimes are independent and identically distributed. Some results on the entropy of coherent systems in terms of ordering properties of component distributions are proposed. Moreover, various sufficient conditions are given under which the entropy order among systems as well as the corresponding dual systems hold. Specifically, it is proved that under some conditions, the entropy order among component lifetimes is preserved under coherent system formations. The findings are based on system signatures as a useful measure from comparison purposes. Furthermore, some results on the system's entropy are derived when lifetimes of components are dependent and identically distributed. Several illustrative examples are also given.

The concept of coherent states in explanation of a nature of nonlinear phenomena in optics will be inevitably replaced by the concept of inequality of forward and reversed transitions.

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2010

A part of difficulties in implementing communication in Quantum Information stems from the fragility of Shroedinger cat-like superpositions. We describe here a recent experiment in Quantum Optics proving the feasibility of a feedback-mediated quantum measurement for discriminating between optical coherent states under photodetection. The measurements validate theoretical prediction by Helstrom ("Helstrom bound"), Dolinar and Geremia. This contribution gives an account of the implementation achieved by Cook, Martin and Geremia (2007) and explains the theoretical approaches to the subject.

2011

This is an attempt to develop a systematic formal theory of information based on philosophical foundations adequate for the broad context of pre-systematic concept of information. The existing formalisms, in particular that commonly called information theory, consider only some aspects of information, such as its measure. In spite of spectacular successes of Shannon's entropy and its generalizations, the quantitative description did not help in the development of the formal description of the concept of information itself. In this paper, the brief review of the contexts in which the term information is being used is followed by similarly brief presentation of philosophical foundations incorporating such aspects of information as its selective and structural manifestations, information integration and semantics of information presented in more extensive form in other publications of the author. Finally, based on these foundations, a mathematical formalism is proposed with an explanation of its relationship to the philosophical concepts associated with information. The formalism utilizing mathematical concepts from the theory of closure spaces and associated with them complete lattices of closed subsets playing the role of generalized logic of information is taking into consideration the selective and structural manifestations of information. Since the original source of inspiration in the development of the formalism was in quantum logics, an outline of concepts in this domain is included in the appendix.

This paper tries to give an account of what 'coherence' in coherence theories of knowledge amounts to. It does so by reducing coherence to a broad kind of consistency, in combination with the demand that a coherent theory is so comprehensive that it includes logic, and views about truth maintenance and belief revision. The results are applied to legal theory construction.

At the end of my doctorate on Peirce and cryptology in 2005, I received a copy of a thesis on the concept of information. An important part of the thesis covered semiotics, but it made only a passing mention of Peirce. I promised myself I would discuss the thesis from a peircean point of view, but it took more than 10 years to find the time to do so. This paper discusses Federico Flückiger's thesis on a unified concept of information. As a first step, the paper suggests a deeper analysis of Peirce's theory of signs to show how it may apply to the concept of information. The paper then compares the characteristics of the concept of information presented by Flückiger with those that could be suggested by a peircean approach, i.e. 1) Flückiger's concept of a " thing " and Peirce's " phenomenon " ; 2) Flückiger's contention that psychology is central to the concept of information with Peirce's non-psychological approach; 3) the notion of " unadressed information " analysed from a peircean perspective. A last section will discuss the comparisons made by Flückiger between Moriss and Peirce.

2015

The aim of the present paper is to supply an elucidation of the concept of information in the communicational context. For this purpose, two traditional interpretations of the concept of information, the epistemic and the physical interpretations, will be distinguished, and their specific problems will be considered. In particular, whereas the epistemic interpretation misses an essential feature of communication, the physical interpretation faces difficulties in the quantum domain. The final goal will be to argue that the difficulties of the physical interpretation can be overcome by means of a manipulability conception of causation. 1.-Introduction Since the mid-twentieth century, the word 'information' began to be increasingly present both in the everyday language as in the scientific discourse. With the explosion in telecommunications and computer sciences, nowadays it seems to be clear that "we live in the age of information." However, there are few concepts whose meaning is as evasive as the concept of information. To borrow the words of St. Augustine: "If no one asks me, I know what it is. But if I wish to explain it to one that asketh, I know not." Due to the elusiveness of the concept, any reflection about the matter should begin by discriminating the different senses of the term, and by delimiting the scope of the discussion. The first distinction that needs to be introduced is between a semantic and a statistical approach to information. The first approach conceives information as something that carries semantic content (Bar-Hillel and Carnap 1953, Bar-Hillel 1964, Floridi 2011) and, as a consequence, is related with semantic notions such as meaning, reference and truth. According to the statistical approach, information is concerned with the statistical properties of a system or with the correlations between the states of two systems, independently of any meaning or brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk

Oxford Handbook of Caribbean Religions

The Oxford Handbook of Caribbean Religions o􀁼ers a comprehensive historical overview of Caribbean religions, one that respects the diversity of the religious traditions and the national particularity of the region. Too often Caribbean religion is studied through the lens of one religious tradition or geographic setting. The former creates a very homogenous picture of Caribbean religions that does not address the manners in which various religious traditions interact, influence, and challenge each other. The latter canonizes one island nation as exemplary of the Caribbean as a whole. While these studies are significant, they do not give a comprehensive picture of the region. This volume will examine the broader historical currents that shape the region as a whole, address the prominent religious traditions in the Caribbean, and focus on multiple geographic settings.

Cunoașterea Științifică, 2024

Revista Cunoașterea Științifică este o publicație trimestrială din domeniile științei și filosofiei, și domenii conexe de studiu și practică. Cuprins: EDITORIAL / EDITORIAL Nicolae SFETCU What is intelligence? Ce este inteligența? ȘTIINȚE NATURALE / NATURAL SCIENCE Nicolae SFETCU Epistemology of Loop Quantum Gravity in the Context of Canonical Quantum Gravity Epistemologia gravitației cuantice în buclă în contextul gravitației cuantice canonice Valentin IONESCU Universal constants, vacuum energy and the growth of black holes over time in the Cold Big Bang Model Constante universale, energia vidului și creșterea în timp a găurilor negre în Modelul Big Bangului Rece ȘTIINȚE SOCIALE / SOCIAL SCIENCE Nicolae SFETCU Challenges and Trends in Electronic Warfare – Asymmetric Warfare Provocări și tendințe în războiul electronic – Războiul asimetric ȘTIINȚE FORMALE / FORMAL SCIENCE Nicolae SFETCU Defending Against Cyber Attacks Through Machine Learning Apărarea împotriva atacurilor cibernetice prin învățarea automată Dumitru MAZILU About some canonical and civil provisions regarding the current management of parish church assets Despre unele prevederi canonice și civile privind gestionarea actuala a bunurilor bisericești parohiale Alina Mihaela FRĂTICĂ-DRAGOMIR (GUȘE) The Concept of Electronic Pensioner in Some Countries Versus Romania Conceptul de pensionar electronic în unele țări versus România FILOSOFIE / PHILOSOPHY Tănase TIBERIU, Ovidiu BOUREANU Intelligence as a Field of Knowledge Intelligence–ul ca domeniu al cunoașterii ISSN 2821-8086 ISSN-L 2821-8086, DOI: 10.58679/CS58929

Horticulturae vol. 10, pp. 944-959 , 2024

Several studies have demonstrated that ultraviolet-band-C (UV-C) irradiation can en-hance plants’ natural resistance to pathogens and diseases. A suitable dose of UV-C radiation in-duces the production of metabolites that strengthen plant defenses , an effect known as "hormesis". Hormesis presents a promising alternative to supplement and reduce the use of pesticides, which pose risks to the environment and human health. This paper investigates the effects of UV-C radiation emitted by an array of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) in generating a hormetic response in three kiwifruit species, namely A. chinensis var. deliciosa cv. Hayward, A. chinensis var. chinensis cv. Soreli® and A. arguta plantlets, grown in vitro and in pot, exposed to the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) either before or after UV-C irradiation. Analyses of morpho-physiological parameter and spectrophotometric assays were conducted to evaluate changes in chlorophyll a and b content, carotenoids, total phenols, and antioxidant activity as a function of the UV-C irradiation. Results indicate partial protection against Psa infection and increased levels of chlorophylls, carotenoids, polyphenols and antioxidant activity. The optimal UV-C dose was determined to be 2.2 kJ/m2 for in vitro shoots and 1.3 kJ/m2 ,for ex vitro plants.