2017

Our world is not a movie. This is the basic assertion of this study. Another<br> assertion is that Time is more complicated than what is supposed by the<br> usual thinking. Some regions of spacetime are sufficiently handled by the<br> current spacetime theories, with their unique { 1-Time Variable } for each<br> [ R 3+1 ]. However, not all regions of space and time are addressed. Therefore,<br> we obligingly explore those regions here. The author's viewpoint is that the<br> currently assumed time dimensionality, i.e. one, is insufficient for explaining a<br> large class of phenomena. This conviction was affirmed by proving that a set<br> of time variables is not always a set of "reducible" (i.e. mutually dependent)<br> time variables. In general, since local space is measured by a composition of<br> a set of rods having lengths, local time is defined by a composition of a set<br> of generalized clocks ha...

Kant-Studien, 2012

Usually, when studying schematism we devote almost exclusive attention to the study of the modifications that the categories suffer when combined with time. Instead, we have focused our attention on the determinations that time receives when combined with the categories. Departing from the definition of the transcendental schemata as "determinations of time", an attempt is made to establish the various determinations that time receives from each one of the categories, as these perform the determination of time in schematism. The categories of quantity allow us to think of time as a series of homogeneous unities; the categories of quality show each instant of time as a receptacle able to receive the different intensities (degrees) of the real; the categories of relation establish a rule-dependent order on the flow of time; finally, the categories of modality determine the whole of time forming a collective unity that gathers or embraces each one of the instants of time preserving its specificity (its individual features).

2003

Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003; xxiv + 255 pp.; pb. ¿ 15,99; ISBN: 0 19 924443 3.

European Journal of Philosophy, 2018

Some properties and relations take time to be instantiated. They are not instantiated at a time, but through a temporal interval. Cognitive properties and relations such as understanding and thinking are like this, but also many biological, chemical, and microphysical properties and relations such as absorbing, freezing, radiating, and decaying. In this paper, I make a case for taking seriously such temporally extended properties (TEPs). I argue that they are ubiquitous and that our current theories of persistence would do well to make room for them in their ontology. The focus here is on fourdimensionalism and different ways it can accommodate TEPs. I explore four different ways of dealing with TEPs within a fourdimensionalist framework. These are: (a) to make the objects that bear apparent TEPs temporally more extended or “chunky,” while giving TEPs a reductive or eliminativist treatment in favor of instantaneous properties (IPs); (b) to make a series of objects the bearer of TEP ...

The Monist, 2000

This paper argues that there is no sound apriori argument from four-dimensionalism (the thesis that time is a dimension analogous to space) to perdurantism (the view that objects persist by having temporal parts).

2019

Thinking through Multi-dimensionality of Time in the Western Worldview and the Nonduality of Existence Abstract: Thinking through the Structure of the Core of the Western Worldview based on the Divided Line and its Nondual Kernel which causes us to reevaluate what we know about Time in relation to Existence. -- Key Words: Thinking, Philosophy, Divided Line, Existence, Time, Four-dimensional Time

Philosophical Books, 2009

The thesis provides a survey and analysis of three-dimensional and four- dimensional theories of time. These theories are considered both from the perspective of experienced time and of physical time. It is argued that experienced time is tensed and finite. It is further argued that physical time can be modeled by various theories, and that the choice of temporal theory is largely determined by the basic tenets of a particular theory of the external world. Arthur Prior‟s tense logic and U-calculus are presented, and it is shown that tense logic models tensed time, while the U-calculus models tenseless time. Further, it is seen that the U-calculus can be reduced to tense logic. Following the development of a general hybrid modal logic, a temporal hybrid modal logic is presented which is shown to model both tensed and tenseless time.

Time is a basic ingredient of the universe. It is the dimension of change. Change has two meanings, however. There is real change in the sense that world states differing in date also differ in structure or function; and there is temporal change in the sense that states having been future become present and then past. In physics, only real change is acknowledged. Accordingly, time in physics exclusively is the dimension of real change.

This essay is a short review of the concept of time as seen from a logical point of view. It relies heavily on the work of the philosopher and logician Gotthard Günther whose oeuvre has hardly been recognized by the mainstream of the scientific community, although his Theory of Polycontexturality (TPC) has to be considered the formal basis of any modern cybernetics or systems theory in which subjectivity be¬comes a part of scientific investigation. Besides poly-contextural logic (PCL), which is a parallel interwoven calculus, TPC also encompasses Keno- and Morphogrammatics and the theory of qualitative, i.e., polycontextural numbers. In the present essay, however, the formal theory is not outlined. Instead we try to introduce the idea of polycontexturality in a more semantic way using the well-known concept of a Turing machine (TM) and its principal limitations in modeling mental processes. The concept of a polylogical machine (PLM) will be discussed, which is an ensemble of single ...