2004

The course takes a broad approach to these topics, reviewing studies in the economics of technical change, the sociology of science and innovation, the strategic management of technology. Early course sessions focus on the nature and timing of technological innovations, including manner in which technological innovations alter the competitive landscape and yield new industries. Readings in later sessions address the interaction between incumbents and entrants, commercialization strategies, and other forms of firm heterogeneity. Later readings address issues associated with science and technology policy and economic growth.

Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 1989

would open up the political process to all people and the values they hold, so that planning for new science-based developments might be anticipatory and reflect all relevant values. On the other hand they understand that present political configurations make this result most unlikely. Reducing the costs of political and judicial "standing" can only exacerbate hyperpluralism. One is reminded of Milton Friedman's definition of a liberal as one who believes that the next government program will work.

This book presents the result of the research conducted to understand the role of indicators in decisions of technology innovation. A gap was detected in the literature of innovation and technology assessment about the use and influence of indicators in this type of decision. It was important to address this gap because indicators are often frequent elements of innovation and technology assessment studies. The research was designed to determine the extent of the use and influence of indicators in decisions of technology innovation, to characterize the role of indicators in these decisions, and to understand how indicators are used in these decisions. The latter involved the test of four possible explanatory factors: the type and phase of decision, and the context and process of construction of evidence. Furthermore, it focused on three Portuguese innovation groups: public researchers, business research, development and innovation (R&D&I) leaders and policymakers. The research used a combination of methods to collect quantitative and qualitative information, such as surveys, case studies, and social network analyses.

Scales Research Reports, 2002

This empirical study investigates the factors that influence firms' incentives to innovate. We study the variables stimulating, enabling and conditioning the idea generation process in small and medium-sized service firms. The employees and their context determine the richness of the early stages of the innovation process, and thus the firms' incentives to innovate. Of the final set of explanatory variables, the most significant 'manageable' variable is the formulation of clear innovation objectives in the corporate strategy. Furthermore, fostering freedom to experiment and applying multifunctional teams have positive effects on the incentives to innovate. Besides, two factors (quality competition and high uncertainty of market demand) are market related. Finally, in contradiction to our expectations, having well-educated employees has a negative effect on the incentives to innovate.

Research Policy, 2009

Rising expectations about future demand for new technologies increase the incentives for investments in innovation by enlarging payoffs to successful innovations. How well does this notion of "demandpull" apply to non-incremental technological change when demand is largely attributable to actions by governments? In this case, inventors of the most important inventions did not respond positively to strong demand-pull policies; filing of highly cited patents declined precipitously just as demand for wind power created a multi-billion dollar market. Three explanations for this apparent inconsistency with the demand-pull hypothesis played a role: (1) the rapid convergence on a single dominant design limited the market opportunity for non-incremental technical improvements; (2) even though the policies implemented were stringent enough to stimulate demand, uncertainty in their longevity dampened the incentives for inventions that were likely to take several years to pay off; and (3) alternative explanations, such as declining R&D funding and weakening presidential engagement on energy, appear to have been important.

The policy and environmental implications of CO2 capture and storage, hydrogen and fuel cell technologies

European Journal of Futures Research, 2013

Innovation policy can never be fully technologyneutral and policies often align to support incumbent technological regimes obstructing the development of new industries. In this paper, two fields are analyzed: the life sciences industry and the solar energy industry to evaluate the Finnish innovation policy's capabilities to promote emerging industries. Qualitative research methods are used for this exploratory study. The data consists of 29 semistructured interviews and two workshops. The interviewees were chosen with snowball sampling. The data is analyzed using a scheme of functional technological innovation system analysis to identify blocking and inducement mechanisms within the industries. The performance of key processes (functions) of the life sciences and solar energy innovation systems are evaluated. Functional analysis is used to identify underlying mechanisms which induce and hinder system performances. Many similar mechanisms are found to affect both of the industries. Limited commercial experience, scarce venture capital, weak local and global networks, and poor legitimation hinder their development. High-level research and education, good infrastructure, and public R&D support are identified as promoting mechanisms. According to the results, Finnish innovation policy performs insufficiently in facilitating the growth of new industries. We suggest that in addition to the general innovation policy measures, technology-specific measures should be designed to create growth trajectories for emerging technologies. New communication and knowledge exchange channels are needed to support these trajectories.

Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 1989

Book Reviews f 1% would open up the political process to all people and the values they hold, so that planning for new science-based developments might be anticipatory and reflect all relevant values. On the other hand they understand that present political configurations make this result most unlikely. Reducing the costs of political and judicial "standing" can only exacerbate hyperpluralism. One is reminded of Milton Friedman's definition of a liberal as one who believes that the next government program will work.

2003

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California Management Review, 2007