India’s Juvenile Justice Act of 2015 mandates for all children to be cared for in family-based settings. Sarah’s Covenant Homes (SCH) is an organisation offering group-home services to 135 children with disabilities in 7 homes, in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, India. Caregivers are a
critical resource in providing group-home services, and the organisation has successfully recruited and retained caregivers over the past 11 years. This study uses a review of the organisation’s personnel files and interviews with staff of 5 years or more, to understand the challenges and the best strategies for recruitment and retention amongst caregivers working with children with disabilities. Referral bonuses, transparent compensation, paid leave and workplace safety were the factors identified as favourable to recruitment and retention among caregivers at SCH.

RESUMEN: Se investiga la situación sociocultural de los cuidados informales a personas mayores dependientes en Chile. El estudio empírico cualitativo fue realizado en la Región Metropolitana de Santiago de Chile, con cuidadores informales de personas mayores con dependencias, de estratos socioeconómicos bajos y medios-bajos. Los principales resultados indican que los cuidados en Chile eran responsabilidad exclusiva de las familias –mujeres– con un Estado desempeñando un rol subsidiario.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the sociocultural situation of the informal care given to old aged dependents in Chile. This empiric qualitative study was performed in the Santiago de Chile Metropolitan Area, with informal caregivers of old aged people with dependencies, from the low and mid-low socioeconomic level. The main findings point out that care giving was a duty of the families –the women– with the Chilean state playing a subsidiary role.

TRONCOSO MIRANDA, D. (2015). Cuidado informal a mayores dependientes en Chile: quiénes cuidan y con qué políticas sociales cuentan. América Latina Hoy, 71, 83-101.

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed how end-of-life ceremonies are performed, affecting grief processing and bereavement experiences. In this study, caregivers of patients who died with COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic were asked to complete an online survey designed to detect psychosocial factors associated with the presence of com- plicated grief (CG). The results show CG present in 48.4% of caregivers. The marital and cohabitant status during lockdown, the perceived sense of guilt and depression levels were significantly associated with the presence of CG, whereas attendance at the funeral and social support were found to be significant protective factors.

Introduction: Family caregivers of cancer patients often suffer from an impaired quality of life (QOL) due to stress arising from the responsibility of caregiving. Most research on such QOL impairments were conducted in Western populations. Thus, this exploratory study sought to (a) examine the QOL levels of the family caregivers of cancer patients in an Asian population in Singapore, in relation to those of caregivers from other countries within and outside of Asia; and (b) investigate the association between sociodemographic factors and QOL impairments in family caregivers in Singapore.
Methods: A total of 258 family caregivers of cancer patients who were receiving outpatient treatment completed the Caregiver Quality of Life Index–Cancer (CQOLC) and a sociodemographic survey. Published CQOLC total scores from Turkey, Iran, Taiwan, Korea, the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada were used for comparison with the Singapore dataset, and demographic relationships were examined.
Results: Caregivers in Singapore and Asia have lower CQOLC total scores than their Western counterparts. Caregivers who were male, those of Chinese ethnicity, those who had parental relationships with their care recipient, and those caring for advanced-stage cancer patients were found to have an impaired QOL.
Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight possible areas in which support can be provided for family caregivers of cancer patients; there is a need to reconcile cultural diversity, values, societal expectations and demographic characteristics in Singapore.

Introduction. Oral hygiene habits contribute the preservation of oral health in children. The acquisition of these habits depends on parents and teachers, bina considered as forming and educator. It should be argued that in rural indigenous communities, there are specific aspects that infer health in general, to mention: social, cultural, economic and educational. It is relevant to have access to the knowledge that parents, and teachers of these communities have about oral health and hygiene, as their environment facilitates the interaction of the factors mentioned in conditions not conducive to ideal health.
Aim: Describe the index of oral hygiene and knowledge in parents and teachers of schoolchildren in rural Mayan community.
Methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional, mixed, non-experimental study was conducted through a semi-structured interview and the clinical record of oral hygiene. Data of 83 parents and 10 teachers from a Mayan-speaking rural elementary school were obtained.
Results: The IHOS in parents and teachers was regular. The knowledge and beliefs of the study population maintain the prevalence of habits that do not favor oral health. Both groups recognize each other as an influence on schoolchildren.
Conclusions Regarding knowledge about oral health, parents and teachers, reflected having adequate theoretical knowledge. However, both groups exhibited difficulties in performing oral hygiene behaviors in daily practice.

Priya Felix Philip, Bhavanani AB, Ramanathan M. Health and Wellbeing in Caregivers of Children With Special Needs Through Yoga. Souvenir of the National Seminar and Workshop on Divyanga Yoga: A Yogic approach to children with special needs. International Day of Yoga celebrations. Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Puducherry. 13-24 June 2019. Pg 87-90.

Objective: Caregiver research has relied on composite measures (eg, count) of unmet supportive care needs to determine relationships with anxiety and depression. Such composite measures assume that all unmet needs have a similar impact on outcomes. The purpose of this study is to identify individual unmet needs most associated with caregivers' anxiety and depression. Methods: Two hundred nineteen caregivers completed the 44‐item Supportive Care Needs Survey and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (minimal clinically important difference = 1.5) at 6 to 8 months and 1, 2, 3.5, and 5 years following the patients' cancer diagnosis. The list of needs was reduced using partial least square regression, and those with a variance importance in projection >1 were analyzed using Bayesian model averaging. Results: Across time, 8 items remained in the top 10 based on prevalence and were labelled " core. " Three additional ones were labelled " frequent, " as they remained in the top 10 from 1 year onwards. Bayesian model averaging identified a maximum of 3 significant unmet needs per time point—all leading to a difference greater than the minimal clinically important difference. For depression, none of the core unmet needs were significant, rather significance was noted for frequent needs and needs that were not prevalent. For anxiety, 3/8 core and 3/3 frequent unmet needs were significant. Conclusions: Those unmet needs that are most prevalent are not necessarily the most significant ones, and findings provide an evidence‐based framework to guide the development of caregiver interventions. A broader contribution is proposing a different approach to identify significant unmet needs.

Antiretroviral therapy(ART) has been used to reduce morbidity and mortality of the HIV positive patients. However, an excellent therapeutic outcome of CD4 count >500 cells/mm 3 with ART requires ≥ 95% adherence to therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with adherence to ARV among children in an ART programme. A retrospective study was conducted for four months between the periods of March to June 2018 in University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria. The adherence was measured using pre-tested, structured self administered questionaire. Adherence was defined as no missed Antiretroviral dose in the previous three days of therapy. The effects of factors such as level of education, type of caregiver, duration on therapy, proper education of caregiver, method of passing information on drug dosage and side effects, continuing education and support from health professionals on adherence were tested. Adherence level of HIV positive children was 69 %. Factors such as level of education, type of caregiver, duration on therapy, proper education(benefits of treatment and adverse effects of drug), method of passing information on drug dose and side effects, continuing education and support from health professionals on adherence investigated were found not to relate statistically significantly with adherence to ART. Therapy adherence level of HIV positive children was sub optimal. The type of caregiver, physician's behavoir and other factors did not show significant relationship with adherence. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy(ART) is closely associated with viral suppression and prevent progression to AIDS and death.

Objectives: To explore the information needs of caregivers of culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) patients, and how they access and understand health information related to the management of their care person's chronic illness(es). Background: Caregivers of CALD patients experience greater unmet needs com

There is a scarcity of literature about the burden of hemodialysis patients' caregivers. Caregivers often receive little attention, and the primary focus is always on the patients. Frequent hospitalizations and factors associated with the disease can lead to depression and reduce the caregiver's quality of life. Objective: The study aimed to determine the burden of caregivers of patients undergoing hemodialysis at a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in northern India. A total of 110 caregivers who were providing care to their patients for more than 3 months were selected by purposive sampling method. The study data were collected by self-prepared demographic questionnaire to collect basic information regarding patients and caregivers, and the level of burden was assessed by a revised Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) standardized on a 5-point scale. Descriptive and inferential (the Chi-square and Fisher exact test, 1-way ANOVA test) statistics were used for data analysis. Results: The Mean±SD age of caregivers was 37±13 years. Nearly half of caregivers, 50 (45.46%), reported mild to moderately burdened, while 15 (13.63%) caregivers had moderate to severely burdened. The caregivers were mild to moderately burdened as the mean burden score was 25±12. There was no significant association between the levels of burden scores and selected sociodemographic variables of the participants. Conclusion: It was found that caregivers of hemodialysis patients experienced moderate burden while caring and being with the patient, which may alter their health and quality of life.

Objective: Evaluate the suitability, readability, quality, and usefulness of publicly available online resources for cancer caregivers. Methods: Resources identified through a Google search and environmental scan were evaluated using the Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM), an online readability text analysis tool, the DISCERN (quality), and caregivers' unmet needs checklist (usefulness). Descriptive analyses and cluster analysis to identify the group of resources with the highest SAM and DISCERN scores were performed. Results: 55 resources were evaluated. The suitability of 48/55 (87%) resources were categorized as adequate (SAM scores 40-69), with no resources ranking in the superior category (SAM scores > 70%). The readability of 51/55 (93%) resources exceeded 9th grade reading level. The mean quality score as a percentage was 49% (SD 11.5). On average resources addressed 9.9/33 unmet needs (SD = 5.8). A high-quality cluster was identified and included 15 (27%) websites. Conclusion: Online resources for cancer caregivers are not optimal in terms of their suitability, readability, quality, and usefulness. The highest ranked resources include, Cancer Council Australia's booklet, Caring for Someone with Cancer, and the American Cancer Society's webpages, Caregivers and Families. Practice implications: Study findings will allow healthcare professionals to better address cancer caregivers' needs by recommending the most optimal resources.

Purposes/Aims: We examined caregiver burden and family hardiness in families raising children with disabilities (CWD) to (a) determine if there are differences in ratings by parent gender and type of disability and (b) identify if hardiness was linked to caregiver burden. Background: Caregiver burden refers to perceived stresses associated with caring for a CWD and the impact caregiving has on caregivers. It is related to the child's developmental delays, health complications, and cognitive/physical/behavioral impairments.

Resumo: O presente artigo tem como foco a realização de uma discussão teórica acerca do trabalho dos cuidadores residentes, atuantes em instituições de acolhimento na modalidade casa-lar, e busca contemplar as especificidades próprias ao trabalho realizado diretamente com crianças e adolescentes acolhidos, tanto no que diz respeito aos documentos normativos que fundamentam as práticas voltadas ao cumprimento dessa medida protetiva, como também em relação às vivências cotidianas dos cuidadores e às relações estabelecidas com os sujeitos acolhidos e seus familiares. Para isso, realizamos um breve resgate teórico acerca das políticas de acolhimento para crianças e adolescentes no Brasil, seguido de uma análise das produções acadêmicas que apontam aspectos das relações estabelecidas nesses espaços de acolhimento, a partir de pesquisas bibliográficas realizadas nos bancos de dados Parthenon e Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD), com os seguintes descritores: " mãe social " , " mães sociais " , " cuidador* resident* " e " acolhimento " , em combinações diferentes e variando os campos de busca. A leitura dos artigos, teses e dissertações nos possibilitaram discutir algumas questões relativas ao trabalho de cuidadores residentes e ao estabelecimento de vínculos com as crianças e adolescentes acolhidos, com destaque para os tensionamentos vivenciados por esses profissionais, que podem levá-los ao adoecimento decorrente de seu trabalho. Com mais questionamentos que esclarecimentos, fica a certeza da urgência em se voltar o olhar para a identidade profissional e pessoal dos cuidadores residentes, que assumem profissionalmente um lugar de referência afetiva constante e um acompanhamento diário de crianças e adolescentes em situação acolhimento. Abstract: This article focuses on a theoretical discussion about the work of the resident caregivers, who work in home-based care institutions taking care of children and teenagers. The article aims to analyze the normative documents on which are based the practices of those professionals in relation to those children and their families, and to study the daily experiences of the caregivers. Thus, we did a brief theoretical review on the policies of reception for children and teenagers in Brazil, followed by an analysis of the academic productions that point out aspects regarding the relations established in these reception spaces, based on bibliographical research made in the Parthenon and BDTD, with the following descriptors: " mãe social " , " mães sociais " , " cuidador* resident* " and " acolhimento " , in different combinations and varying the search fields. The reading of the articles, thesis and dissertations allowed us to discuss some issues related to the work of resident caregivers and the establishment of bond with children and adolescents hosted, highlighting the tensions experienced by these professionals, which can lead to illness due to their job. With more questions than clarifications, the urgency to look at the professional and personal identity of the resident caregivers, who professionally assume a constant affective reference point and a daily follow-up of children and adolescents in a foster care situation, is assured.