This paper discussed and detailed the steps that have been taken forward by the Sri Lankan Government to assure BCM with regards to ICT context in a disaster. It critically analyzes the current national policy framework, disaster recovery policies, disaster management act, BCP Guidelines No: 01/2006 by Central Bank Sri Lanka, digital government policies and disaster recovery and various sector-specific DR practices in Sri Lanaka comparing them with the rules, policies, legislations and regulations with standards and best practices to promote BCM in technically advanced developed countries. Finally, the paper discusses the various Sri Lankan Government organization encompass in establishing rules, policies, legislations and regulations to secure BCM in a disaster expounding their current roles and future expectations by the industry stakeholders

Governments around the world are facing a double challenge. Their citizens are expecting everhigher standards of service and want to be able to interact with the government online as easily as they do with banks and Internet commerce companies. At the same time, governments need to reduce administrative costs and increase program effectiveness. For many years, “e-Government” has been a major contributor to meeting these challenges. In recent years Russia has made good progress on its existing e-Government strategy for providing digital services in parallel with other channels. To assist the Government of the Russian Federation with its plans to develop and launch a project that will be designed to address these issues and move the country towards a Digital Government, this report from the World Bank team sets out high level recommendations that are tailored to the needs of Russia, and that are in line with the best international practices. The analysis shows that the situation with the monitoring of e-Government development in the Russian Federation as a whole is not bad. There are large amounts of data on various aspects of using ICT for public administration and local self-government. Most of measurable indicators used in Russia, as in many other countries, relate to assessments of the level of e-Readiness of the country, and of particular regions or industries. To conclude, for Russia, as well as for other countries, there is a challenge to create a new system of monitoring for the use of ICT for public administration in the context of proper Digital Government maturity models.

Blockchain technology is considered as one of the fourth industrial revolution technologies that is transforming governments. This study systematically reviews literature on research into blockchain technologies for government with the aim to map opportunities, challenges and gaps. The main findings show that research has ignored the commercial value of blockchain for digital government with the emphasis on sharing, trust and security, as well as the ability to enhance government infrastructure and services. There is an opportunity to investigate further how blockchain could be gradually re-inventing the traditional notion of government with its transactional intermediaries that are necessary for the classification of G2G, G2C or G2B. The methodological emphasis has been on the design research method, which unsurprisingly relates to the emerging nature of blockchain technology. There is a clear opportunity to begin more reflective research on emergent patterns. Limited research has been conducted in developing countries despite the leapfrogging and governance opportunities that blockchain technology presents.

Governments around the world are facing a double challenge. Their citizens are expecting everhigher standards of service and want to be able to interact with the government online as easily as they do with banks and Internet commerce companies. At the same time, governments need to reduce administrative costs and increase program effectiveness. For many years, “e-Government” has been a major contributor to meeting these challenges. In recent years Russia has made good progress on its existing e-Government strategy for providing digital services in parallel with other channels. To assist the Government of the Russian Federation with its plans to develop and launch a project that will be designed to address these issues and move the country towards a Digital Government, this report from the World Bank team sets out high level recommendations that are tailored to the needs of Russia, and that are in line with the best international practices. The analysis shows that the situation with the monitoring of e-Government development in the Russian Federation as a whole is not bad. There are large amounts of data on various aspects of using ICT for public administration and local self-government. Most of measurable indicators used in Russia, as in many other countries, relate to assessments of the level of e-Readiness of the country, and of particular regions or industries. To conclude, for Russia, as well as for other countries, there is a challenge to create a new system of monitoring for the use of ICT for public administration in the context of proper Digital Government maturity models.

After the changes of regimes in Eastern Europe, joining to the western, democratic states as soon as possible, has become a cardinal issue in almost all affected states. In our study, we examine the relationship between joining to the European Union and the development of e-Government, in particular e-participation.

Öz Bu çalışmanın temel çıkış noktası, dijital çağın getirdikleri bağlamında sosyal medya, özellikle de Twitter kullanımının seçim çalışmalarındaki önemi ve gerekliliğinin ortaya konulmasıdır. Bu bağlamda, 16 Nisan 2017'de gerçekleştirilen Anayasa Referandumu sürecinde " evet " ve " hayır " bloklarında yer alan bazı kişi ve partilerin Anayasa Referandumu öncesindeki son 15 günlük Twitter kullanımları ve etkileri incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda, 8'i evet bloğundan ve 8'i hayır bloğundan olmak üzere 16 siyasi aktöre ait Twitter hesabı belirli bir yöntemle seçilerek incelenmiş, nitel veri analizi programı Nvivo 11 kullanılarak nitel analiz yöntemleri ile analiz edilmiş ve belirli kelime analizleri ile bu incelemeler desteklenmiştir. Bunun yanında tweet'lerin sınıflandırılması ve Twitter kullanım özelliklerinin incelenmesi ile referandum öncesi son 15 günlük süreçte Twitter'ın siyasi bir propaganda aracı olarak aktif olarak kullanılıp kullanılmadığı test edilmiştir. Ayrıca 1-16 Nisan tarihleri arasında Twitter'da en çok konuşulan hashtag'ler de seçilmiş olan 16 hesap ile ilişki içerisinde bir değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur. Çalışmada öncelikle web 2.0, sosyal medya ve Twitter'ın gelişimi ve Türkiye'deki kullanımından bahsedilmiş, daha sonra 16 Nisan 2017 referandumu öncesi süreç hakkında genel bilgi verilmiş ve en son olarak da Nvivo 11 programıyla elde edilen veriler açıklanmış ve analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak Anayasa referandumu sürecinde Twitter kullanımının ne seviyede olduğu ve ne ölçüde etkili olduğu incelenmiştir. Abstract In this study, the constitutional referendum of 16th April of 2017 in Turkey is examined in the context of Twitter usage of some politicians and parties from both the blocks of " yes " and " no " campaigns. This study includes a qualitative data anaylsis method by using the program Nvivo 11. The Twitter usage of the last 15 days before the referendum is analyzed by using Nvivo 11. By doing this analysis, 16 Twitter accounts, 8 from " yes " campaign and 8 from " no " campaign, are examined, analyzed, and interpreted. Beside those, some of the hashtags which are chosen from the trend topics lists of the Twitter between the 1st and 16th of April are analyzed in relation with those 16 Twitter accounts. In the context of the digital age, the importance and necessity of social media, especially Twitter, in the election campaigns is the starting point of this study. This study aims to contribute to the field of political science by analyzing how Turkish politics is socializing in Twitter before the referendum. In this context, firstly, the Internet usage and social media usage in Turkey are summarized and then the relationship between the social media and politics will be explained shortly. After that, secondly, the process of constitutional referendum will also be summarized and finally data analysis will be done and founding data will be interpreted. Consequently, it can be seen in this study that the extent to which Turkey has adapted to digital age Technologies, specifically Twitter, in the context of elections and democratic participation from the findings which are obtained from qualitative data and qualitative analysis results. 1. GİRİŞ Tarih boyunca siyasetçiler, topluma kendilerini ifade etmek ve rakipleri karşısında seçmenlerinin desteğini alarak iktidar sahibi olabilmek adına oldukça yoğun çaba sarf etmişlerdir (Lilleker, 2013, 15). Seçimlerin yapılmaya başlandığı ilk yıllardan bugüne değin seçimi kazanabilmek için adayların yaptıkları çalışmalar sürekli değişerek, günün şartlarına ve teknolojinin sunduğu olanaklar bağlamında gelişmiştir. Günümüzde bilgi iletişim teknolojilerinin özelde de internetin yaygın olarak kullanılmaya başlanması ile sosyal medyanın ve internetin sunduğu araçların seçim çalışmalarında kullanılması söz konusu olmuştur. Seçim çalışmaları artık; teknolojinin de yardımı internetin sağladığı fırsatlarla birlikte, sosyal medyanın geniş kitlelere ulaşabilme kabiliyeti ile internet ortamına hızla taşınarak yeni seçim stratejilerinin şekillendiği mecralar konumuna gelmiştir.

A transparent government is one that publishes open data on the activities of its various bodies in a timely manner, either in response to public demands or on its own initiative. This means not only putting a halt to corruption, but also guaranteeing the right of citizens to know what governments are doing with their taxes. This study aims to select and review various sources of information about the e-government strategy, which involves open data and thus transparency. Efforts are made to identify the most important aspects and trends of new technologies applied to government entities, as well as the implications for decision-making and for improving the services provided by the Government to its citizens. The methodology was carried out following the steps of a literature review from various sources, according to eight categories associated with e-government. The study concludes that the influence and adoption of e-government in different countries contributes to bringing citizens closer to the State, increasing transparency and improving services.

The coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) has demonstrated the importance
of the state capacity and public policy-making process in managing both the pandemic
and the resulting crisis. Trust and/or distrust in the relationship between citizens
and authorities can determine the success or failure of states in combating
pandemics. The goal of this study is to provide insight into trust and distrust in digital
government during pandemics by creating an overview of the scattered knowledge.
Accordingly, the chapter creates an overview of the factors influencing trust
and distrust in digital government in pandemics. The results showed that factors
affecting distrust are mostly associated with problems in the interactions between
citizens and public authorities, whereas factors affecting trust address governments’
policy responses and public compliance. The level of trust is a dynamic condition
that can either be strengthened or broken. A single factor can result in trust for one
person and distrust for another person. Surprisingly, trust and distrust can coexist at
the same time. Governments must pursue a balance between trust- and distrust-related
factors in times of pandemics to derive the dual benefits of trust and distrust.