Heavy metal contaminated soils are very hard to restore. This type of soil pollution is primarily attributed to anthropogenic activities, including, smelting, mining and various industrial activities. The world's heavily effected areas from heavy metal pollution have been proving as health risks to more than 10 million people in various countries. Linfen in China people faced extreme loads of pollution, In Haina of Dominican Republic, people suffered from a huge amount of lead poisoning due to, in Ranipet a city of India about 3.5 million people are being affected by tannery waste. Bioaccumulation of metal toxins in the food chain poses disastrous effects on human health. Plants accumulate some non essential heavy metals having no contribution in biological functions these heavy metals cause serious risks to plants, animals and human health. In order to remediate this problem in situ and ex situ techniques are being used but in situ methods are more effective than ex situ. Phytoremediation is one of the most successful and environmental friendly in situ method of modern era, coupled with chemical chealtores such as EDTA and Citrci Acid this method is being proved to be more useful and soil friendly. Angle JS, Baker AJM. 1997. Phytoremediation of soil metals. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 8, 279-284, http://dx.YL, Tian GM, Wong MH. 2003. The role of citric acid on the phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. Chemosphere 50, 807-811, http://dx.

En el marco de la tendencia global hacia la accesibilidad de las bases de datos, reseñamos los protocolos diseñados para la confección del muestrario y la colección histológica utilizados en el estudio arqueobotánico del patrimonio culinario Centro-Surandino, así como su sistematización y puesta a disposición digital. El herbario etnoarqueológico, muestrario e histoteca que integran la colección del Herbario JUA están compuestos, por un lado, de ejemplares de cultivos andinos provenientes de la agricultura familiar a pequeña escala en el sector centro y centro-sur de la Quebrada de Humahuaca. Por otro lado, incluye productos procesados a partir de estos cultivos (harinas, semillas tostadas, mote, entre otros), los cuales fueron obtenidos en ferias y mercados de la región. Finalmente, se incorporan las muestras obtenidas durante nuestras experiencias etnoarqueológicas y etnobotánicas con las comunidades locales. Como parte fundamental del trabajo, relevamos toda la información pertin...

Open access publication for public funded research has been a demand by scholarly community. Studies shows about the growing publishing trend in open access from Indian scholars. The current study evaluates about the open access publication trend of top 5 central universities of India in the period from 2011 to 2015. The top 5 central universities were identified from the National Institutional Ranking Framework, published by the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Govt. of India for the year 2016. Study was limited to items published as article or review only in journals which are indexed in the Scopus database. The findings of the study show low share (only 14.37% of total items) of open access published contents from the top 5 universities during the period. Also an analysis of impact of the published contents via citation count reveals that even though the share of open access contents in the published literature were less but the rate of citation of the OA content were higher than that of the paid access contents. Average citation rate to the open access articles from the universities were 6.85 per article, while the same for the paid access items were 5.41 citations per article. 30.69% of published OA contents had foreign collaboration and out of those 30.69%, 62.38% had collaboration with USA, which proves the strong influence of USA collaboration in the OA contents of top Indian universities.

Publications in reputed journals are considered as the benchmark of an outstanding academic. The presence in the research world has become essential for the survival of present-day educationists particularly in the higher education sector of India. The paper focuses on the open access model of dissemination of the knowledge that is created, through these platforms both for references as well as the publication of the material. But the recent trends have shown a negative trend in the rise of fake and predatory journals in the pretext of open access as discussed here. The quality of the research publications has declined owing to the absence of proper monitoring measures by the concerned authorities. The researcher should be made aware of such dubious journals and should restrain from publishing in them. The paper also elaborates on the steps to go through to identify such fake journals and to make open access a boon to the community at large.

With the development of digital technology and especially the possibilities for electronic publishing Open access publishing is becoming more and more a global phenomenon. Open access means unrestricted online access to scholarly research and research data. The paper presents the common definitions, the types and vehicles for delivering of Open access and tries to define the legal basis for the implementation of Open access publishing. Further, the paper discusses the main benefits presented by Open access from an economic perspective.

Characteristics of saline soil determine the rice yield along the seaboard. High concentration of dissolved salt decreases growth and rice yield. The study aimed to evaluate physical and chemical characteristics of saline soil in Sidoarjo and Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. The result analysis of soil exchangeable Na + , K + , Ca ++ , and Mg ++ respectively was 0.8-1.94; 0.33-2.73; 16.32-20.4, 1.83-8.88 me.100g-1 .The value of soil pH was 7.35-7.55, EC value of soil was 0.64-1.83dS.m-1 , and the content of organic-C was between 1.1-2,4,6 %. The result of soil characterization was then crosschecked with the rice yield in saline soil by weighing dry rice grains per clump. The rice yield was 3-4.1 ton.ha-1 and negatively correlated to the exchangeable values of Na, SAR, bulk density and dust content. It was positively correlated with organic-C, fertilizer, exchangeableof Ca ++ , Mg ++ , and K + , as well as soil's CEC. The ratio value of Ca:Mgnamely2.2-8.2, and K:Mgnamely0.18-0.21 exceeded the limit of ideal value and caused low production. The rice yield was negatively correlated with the content of exchangeableNa + , values of pH and EC. It achieved more than 4 ton.ha-1 when added with 300-450 g.plant-1 of organic materials and 1.0-1.3 g.plant-1 of NPK.

مختصری درباره معرفی دسترسی آزاد، تاریخچه، چرایی، انواع و مزایای آن است و سپس سامانه ها، راهنماها و سپارشگاه هایی معرفی می شوند که نشریات، مقالات، کتاب ها و پایان نامه های دسترسی آزاد را می توان در آن ها یافت.
A brief on Open Access, its history and benefits and challenges and then introducing key open access databases to access papers, journals, books and theses.

Open access (OA) journals are a growing phenomenon largely of the past decade wherein readers can access the content of scientific journals without paying for a subscription. The costs are borne by authors (or their institutions) who pay a fee to be published, thus allowing readers to access, search, print, and cite the journals without cost. Although the OA model, in and of itself, need not diminish scientific rigor, selectivity, or peer review, the "author pays" model creates an inherent conflict of interest: it operates with the incentive on the part of the journal to publish more and reject less. This is coupled with cost containment measures that affect the journals' ability to engage experienced editors and professional staff to scrutinize data, data analyses, and author conflicts of interest. While some OA journals appear to be comparable to their print competitors, others are "predatory" and have no legitimacy at all. Two recent "scams"-one recently published in Science-highlight the urgency of addressing the issues raised by OA publication so that OA does not lose its credibility just as it begins to gather substantial momentum. High-quality journals develop their reputations over time, and OA outlets will be no exception. For this to occur, however, the OA audience will need to be satisfied that OA can deliver high-quality publications utilizing rigorous peer review, editing, and conflict of interest scrutiny. Academic tenure and promotion committees that review scholarly credentials are understandably skeptical of publications in unrecognized journals, and the large number of new OA outlets contributes to this urgency from their perspective as well.

Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7906-7798 INTRODUCCIÓN En este ensayo comenzaremos hablando un poco sobre el significado del perfil o identidad digital, así como la globalización para luego continuar expresando su correspondiente e indiscutible importancia ante los escenarios actuales que vivimos, como ciudadanos e investigadores. Dichos temas resultan especialmente relevante dadas las condiciones presentes, donde la comunidad global en pleno enfrenta el mismo reto, resumido en lo siguiente, continuar aun ante la crisis social, sanitaria y económica suscitada por la pandemia del COVID, es decir, no quedar paralizados sino ofrecer alternativas a nuestra realidad cambiante. DESARROLLO Primeramente, es necesario desglosar conceptos básicos como el de perfil o identidad digital, el cual se refiere a nuestra identificación digital utilizada para exhibirnos ante la comunidad internacional presente en las distintas redes sociales existentes. O como lo plantea Aparici & Osuna Acedo (2013) "Es todo lo que manifestamos en el ciberespacio e incluye tanto nuestras actuaciones como la forma en la que nos perciben los demás en la red".

This paper reports on an investigation into the online visibility of work undertaken in South Africa in the field of poverty alleviation. An experiment with
Google searches was undertaken, motivated by concerns about the visibility of South African research and development work, particularly in a context where social
inequality is extreme and poverty such a critical issue. Aware that much attention – through research and the practice of development work – is being paid to
poverty alleviation1
, the authors set out to examine whether that work could be found easily, and what the nature of the search results would be. Significant sums
of public money are invested in research, which should result in the production and dissemination of locally generated knowledge as a public good grounded in
local realities. A great deal of national and international funding is also spent. Thus, research published online should inform and reflect on national and regional
development practice, while contributing perspectives from the South to the global corpus of poverty research. Research to understand poverty and inform the design
and targeting of poverty alleviation programmes needs to be freely available and actively shared in order for it to accumulate value. In this regard it is argued that
there are exponentially beneficial linkages between research, scholarly publication and social development, which originate with local knowledge production and
are amplified by the availability and discoverability of that research. Availability and discoverability add breadth and depth to the potential use, value and impact
of the knowledge produced

The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of Indonesia has introduced several national and international indexers of scientific works. This policy becomes a guideline for lecturers and researchers in choosing the reputable publications. This study aimed to describe the understanding level of Indonesian lecturers related to indexing databases, i.e. SINTA, DOAJ, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. This research used descriptive design and survey method. The populations in this study were Indonesian lecturers and researchers. The primary data were obtained from a questionnaire filled by 316 lecturers and researchers from 33 Provinces in Indonesia recruited with convenience sampling technique on October-November 2017. The data analysis was performed using frequency distribution tables, cross tabulation and descriptive analysis. The results of this study showed that the understanding of Indonesian lecturers and researchers regarding publications in indexing databa...

A field experiment was conducted at the research farm of the Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, from November 2011 to May 2012 to find out the growth pattern and optimum sowing date of tropical sugar beet in Bangladesh. The tropical sugar beet genotypes were Cauvery, Shubhra and EB0616, and sowing dates were 01 November, 15 November, 01 December and 15 December. The interaction effect of sowing dates and sugar beet genotypes was statistically significant in growth
parameters like leave number, leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), root weight per plant, root yield. The highest root yield was obtained from genotypes EB0616 when sown on 01 November (103.5 t/ha) and 15 November (100 t/ha). The genotypes Cauvery and Shubhra gave identical root yield i.e., 90.27 t/ha and 92.86 t/ha, respectively on 01 November sowing. Root yield significantly decreased in all the three genotypes with the advancement of sowing dates from 01 November onwards. For high root yield the optimum sowing date for tropical sugar beet in Bangladesh seems to be in early November. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-1-july-2015-ijaar/

The paper is about the economy of the production, organization and circulation of punk labels and distros in Southeast Asia.  This includes the activities involved in the organization of labels and distros, the exchange of resources (records, flyers, zines, merch, artworks), information, and the politics behind the economy of it’s circulation.

Resources in this paper includes key people form Southeast Asia including Emman (Emmanuel Jasmin) of Delusion of Terror (Philippines), Jep Peligro of Konspirazine  and Pojax Kult Elite (Philippines), Noel Punxia of Mutilated Noise (Philippines), Joe Kidd of Ricecooker (Malaysia), Bam Sickos of Sickos Records (Indonesia/Philippines), Shaiful of Prohibited Projects (Singapore) and England Hidalgo of overxout infoshop and Tolerance Tapes (Philippines).

UNITED AIRLINES AND ITS “CONTRACT OF CARRIAGE”

Apr-26-2017

On April 9th, a video showing police officers forcibly dragging a passenger off a United Airlines flight sparked outrage on social media.  United asked for four volunteers in order to make room for United employees after passengers had been boarded and seated on the flight.  The selected passenger, Dr. David Dao, was a 69 year-old Asian American doctor. He refused to leave the plane since he was seeing patients the following morning, and he was then removed off the plane by force.

Under federal rules, commercial airlines are governed by a contract, referred to as the “Contract of Carriage” or COC.  A COC imposes legal duties upon carriers and protects the legal rights of passengers.  In justifying its actions removing Dr. Dao from the plane, United Airlines cited Rule 25 in its COC which is titled “Denied Boarding Compensation”.  The United COC’s Rule 25 applies when a passenger is denied boarding.  When there is an oversold United Airlines flight that originates in the U.S. or Canada, United can seek volunteers.  If there are not enough volunteers, other passengers may be denied boarding involuntarily in accordance with United’s boarding priority, but United provides transportation and compensation to the involuntarily denied passengers.  Plainly, this Rule does not seem to apply to the involuntary removal off a plane or to a refusal to transport once a passenger has boarded a plane – in other words, to the circumstances of this case.

Rule 21 in the United COC, entitled “Refusal of Transport” covers circumstances when a passenger who has already boarded a plane can be removed.  Under Rule 21, United has the right to refuse to transport or remove from the aircraft at any point any passenger for concerns such as unruly behavior, intoxication, inability to fit into one seat, and the like.  But Rule 21 does not seem to discuss overbooking or removal of passengers to satisfy United’s need for additional seats.  It follows that passengers may not be removed from a plane for any reason not listed in Rule 21.  In short, the legal basis under which United Airlines forcibly removed Dr. Dao off their plane is unclear and perhaps even questionable.

The video showing the manner in which Dr. Dao was removed off the plane sparked outrage in China.  Within four days, Dr. Dao’s story was read 910 million times on Weibo, China’s Twitter.  They analyzed and criticized United’s lottery system for selecting volunteers.

Social media and the Internet magnify our voices by making it easier and faster to attract public attention compared to other forms of communication.  The Internet which serves as the backbone of social media is international, and it is easy and cheap to mobilize massive public attention.

Airlines operating between the U.S. and China are very profitable.  In 2016, visitors between the U.S. and China increased 17% compared to 2015.  Many international airlines are attracted to China’s second-tier and third-tier cities.  United Airlines is one of them.  United’s share of the air travel market from China to the U.S. is about 20%, and United cooperates with China Airlines for internal air transportation in China.But this incident may seriously damage its reputation in China.

Dr. Dao settled his case against United, and so we will not know how a court would have interpreted the Rules in United’s Contract of Carriage,as applied to this incident.  It will be interesting to see if, going forward, United decides to modify the terms of its COC.

Author – Jay Kesan

Read More at - https://www.jaykesanpublications.com

Cactaceae family is an important plant of Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASALs) of the world. It is useful for ornamental (Cereus peruvianus and Thrixanthrocereus blossfeldiorum), food, fodder and industrial production (Opuntia spp.). The objective of this study was to characterize and determine the distribution of cactus species in two ASAL zones of Kenya (Rift Valley and Eastern).Sixty nine distinct populations of cactus were characterized in-situ using a list of descriptors by the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). Results indicated that eight species namely, Opuntia exaltata, Opuntia monacantha, Opuntia ficus-indica, Opuntia stricta, Thrixanthrocereus blossfeldiorum, Euphorbia abyssinica, Euphorbia ingens and Cereus peruvianus were present in Kenya. Opuntia ficus-indica was the most diverse and was found in four of the five counties studied. Euphorbia abyssinica was found in four counties while Opuntia stricta and Thrixanthrocereus blossfeldiorum were found in a single county each. The results revealed morphologically a significant diversity among cactus species in Kenya. Further research is needed through molecular characterization and to cover the entire country to identify other species available in these areas and their mode of distribution as well as their productivity to influence the choice species for utilization.

This Impact Report identifies and summarises the diverse impacts, resulting from the £500m of UK funding of Science and Technology in 2013, using numerous quantitative metrics and short case study extracts.  It shows how the varied impacts of a national science and technology organization and its many funded programmes can be annually identified, captured, tracked, and summarised in a public document.

The report was produced for, and by, the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) -  the UK Research Council responsible for funding: (1) all UK astronomy, particle and nuclear physics research, (2) related UK science and technology facilities (e.g. as Harwell and Daresbury), (3) the UK contribution to international science (e.g. CERN, international telescopes and space missions), (4) innovation and business spin-off programmes, and (5) UK public engagement activities.

The Report was co-researched and co-authored by the STFC Impact Team, including myself while Impact Evaluation Manager in 2013, with Dr. Claire Dougan-McCallie (lead author/Head of Impact) and Jenny Beard, with additional input from senior managers, and many data and case study contributions from other key managers across STFC.

Varied key impacts are identified and reported including:

• Research amongst the best (by citation impact) in astronomy, nuclear and particle physics.
• Supported research of 226 Principal Investigators in 70 universities, led to 1,100 peer-reviewed papers in 2012.
• Facilities (the Diamond Light Source, ISIS and CLF) were used in 2012/13 by over 4,200 unique users , in over 2,400 experiments, producing over 1,000 papers in peer-reviewed journals.

• Technology from CERN benefited the UK economy by over £100 billion every year.
• Funding the development of the UK’s space, internet and computer animation industries, returned over £500 billion to the UK economy per annum.
• Funded Innovation Campuses hosted over 230 enterprises and supported over 5,000 jobs.
• UK industry won £43 million in contracts from the international subscriptions funded, and had accumulated a total of £150 million since 2005.

• Funded research inspired future generations to study STEM subjects, attracting 90% of UK undergraduates to study physics, funded 782 PhD students  and 16,800 student training days.
• Between 2009 to 2012 public engagement programmes engaged people on 58 million occasions, with 2 million people engaged in face-to-face activities in 2013 alone.

Resumo A Primavera Acadêmica se refere aos recentes movimentos entre acadêmicos e cientistas em favor do acesso livre e contra as políticas das editoras comerciais acadêmicas. O artigo apresenta um panorama dos custos envolvidos na editoração comercial de periódicos científicos, bem como das justificativas de editores e acadêmicos que sustentam ou rejeitam o processo de publicação com fins lucrativos da literatura acadêmica. Defende a formulação de alternativas de comunicação científica e consolidação do movimento de acesso aberto, alheio às interferências de grandes conglomerados comerciais.

Areca (betel) nut (Areca catechu) is regarded as one of the most addictive masticatory substances in the world, with approximately 600 million users globally. Extensively grown and found in India, China and Indonesia; areca nut is also native to many other countries of the South and Southeast Asia. Its usage and beneficial effects have been reviewed since centuries. The systemic effects associated with areca nut usage have been in the limelight for many years. This review provides a narrative insight to assess and collate published data that reports the harmful effects of areca nut. An electronic search amassed literature from the NCBI and Google Scholar databases with the help of keywords. Various studies on the correlation of areca nut and its effect on the oral health, metabolism and the incidence of cancer were selected. Its usage is reported to be associated with cancers of the oral cavity, esophagus, pharynx, liver and has been declared a human group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). It is also associated with the incidence of cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. Hence, there is a dire need to identify the role of areca nut as a causative agent of cancer and several other health disorders. Clinical evidence has indicated and proved that the use of areca nut causes several types of head and neck cancers, as to effects on intracellular levels of GSH, and on tumor suppressing gene P53 are quite evident clinical evidence has indicated and proved that the use of areca nut causes several types of head and neck cancers, as to effects on intracellular levels of GSH, and on tumor suppressing gene P53 are quite evident.

Scholars globally are increasingly required to account for the visibility and impact of their research, and visibility and impact are increasingly digitally-mediated through the platforms and practices associated with Web 2.0. Traditional prestige-based metrics of visibility (ISI/WoS Impact Factor) measure only scholar-to-scholar outputs like journals and books. In many African universities with nascent research cultures, legacies of colonialism and imperatives of national development, these measures present scholars with particular challenges. At the same time, in the North, moves towards Open Access, along with the potential of Web 2.0 technologies for increasing visibility of research, offer the potential for changes to traditional measures of assessing impact and visibility. Using a framework whereby the extent of change in research communication practices at all stages of the research process can be analysed, this paper reveals the pressures shaping African research communication practices and the visibility of research, using data from a case study at the University of Namibia.

The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of Indonesia has introduced several national and international indexers of scientific works. This policy becomes a guideline for lecturers and researchers in choosing the reputable publications. This study aimed to describe the understanding level of Indonesian lecturers related to indexing databases, i.e. SINTA, DOAJ, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. This research used descriptive design and survey method. The populations in this study were Indonesian lecturers and researchers. The primary data were obtained from a questionnaire filled by 316 lecturers and researchers from 33 Provinces in Indonesia recruited with convenience sampling technique on October-November 2017. The data analysis was performed using frequency distribution tables, cross tabulation and descriptive analysis. The results of this study showed that the understanding of Indonesian lecturers and researchers regarding publications in indexing databa...

We analyze the presence of communication journals published in Latin America in regional and international scientific databases. We identified the country and language in which these journals are published, as well as its availability in open or paid access. The main finding is that –despite the increase of professionalization and research in this field– communication journals have limited presence in these databases.

Resumen:
La Nueva Teoría Estratégica es aplicada en investigaciones desde el Foro Iberoamericano Sobre Estrategias de Comunicación que articula acciones con redes y universidades. Vincula actores internacionales de las Universidades: Sergio Arboleda de Colombia, Autónoma de Santo Domingo, de República Dominicana y Nacional de Lomas Zamora de Argentina. Se pretende promover una estrategia para la comunicación científica en la región Caribe. El caso presentado es la realización de la Revista científica/académica, denominada Comunicaribe, (en construcción). Existe déficit de publicaciones académicas en Open Access en la región y el fomento del estimulo para animar a los autores de la región a la producción global desde lo local. Las metodologías propuestas son elaboradas desde la Nueva teoría Estratégica, centrándonos en la primera seña, conocida como el cambio de paradigma del pensamiento Complejo. Aplicamos tres conceptos para el diagnóstico del caso: el principio dialógico, el principio recursivo y el principio hologramático. Resultados: esperamos lograr la puesta en marcha de la publicación, tal como se ha realizado con una serie de ellas, en América y Europa. Conclusiones: los aspectos de la Teoría son tantos y tan abonados por las metodologías propuestas que permite articular en la diversidad de situaciones.



Abstract:
The New Strategic Theory is applied to research from the FISEC ( Ibero-American Forum on Communication Strategies) that articulates shares networks and universities. In the present case relates international actors Universities: Sergio Arboleda from Colombia, Autonomous University of Santo Domingo, the Dominican Republic, and National Lomas Zamora of Argentina. The research is conducted in order to promote a strategy for scientific communication in the Caribbean region. The case presented is to conduct scientific / academic journal called Comunicaribe currently under construction. They motivate this embodiment the gap in the region of the proposed academic publications from Open Access and promoting the stimulus to encourage authors from the region to the global production from the local. The proposed methodologies are drawn from the New Strategic theory, focusing on the first sign, known as the paradigm shift of complex thought. We apply three concepts that we may provide diagnostic result for the case: the dialogic principle, the recursive principle and hologramático principle. Results: we hope to achieve the implementation of the publication, as has been done with a number of them in America and Europe. Conclusions: Aspects of the Theory are so many and paid by the methodologies proposed by other authors can articulate the diversity of situations.

Teff [Eragrostis teff (Zucc.) Trotter] is native to Ethiopia. Self-pollinated warm season annual grass with the advantage of C4 photosynthetic pathway and tetraploid 2n=40 plant/crop. Countries like USA, Canada, Australia, Netherlands, South Africa and Kenya produce teff for different purposes such as forage crop, thickener for soups, stews and gravies. The largest production of Teff in the world is from Ethiopia where annually, above 6,562,325 farmers grow Teff on above 2.87 million hectares, which is about 22.95% of the total cultivated land in the country. From the production of the total grain crops teff contributed 16.1 % (4,471,378.7 tons) in the country. Teff can be considered as alternative cereal crop for growers and also beneficial as an additional gluten free source and have higher fibour content for people suffering from coeliac disease and diabetics in the world respectively. Despite of these facts; the productivity of teff is still lower. The cause for the lower yield of teff is lodgidng, method of sowing, use of suboptimum seed rate and fertilizer application. This review demonstrated that higher performance in grain yield, tillering, panicle length and vegetative biomass signaling great yield potential due to row sowing than broadcast and using of optimum seed rate could be recommended for maximum teff grain and straw yield.

For International Open Access week - an article on OA publishing in Politics

This article briefly sets out a political economy of academic publishing, exploring what the costs and benefits of this model are/were for the academic community. It then moves to explore forms of open access publication available to the social science (politics and international relations) community in the United Kingdom and beyond. The article concludes by asking why (given its likely advantages), the open access model is not ubiquitous and suggests that the future of publication lies in the hands of early career researchers.

This study aims to determine the species richness and abundance of spiders in Sacred Mountain, Marawi City, Lanao del Sur, Philippines. Beat netting, vial tapping, and pitfall trapping methods were used to collect samples at elevations of 800, 900, and 1000 meters above sea level. Forty-three species belonging to 11 families were documented. Highest species richness was observed at 1000 meters above sea level. Leucauge argentina of family Tetragnathidae was the most abundant species. Family Salticidae had the highest number of species collected comprising 14 species. Overall spider collection was categorized into six guilds wherein the orb weavers occurred to be the most abundant. High diversity and more or less even distribution of spiders were observed in the area. Physico-chemical factors appear to affect the distribution of spider families Tetrahedron and Theridiidae as shown by canonical correspondence analysis.

Hydroponic technology has many benefits that it is highly productive and conserves water and land most especially if natural resources are scarce. Normally, plants grow inside a greenhouse that controls temperature, light, water and nutrition. The study was conducted to evaluate the performance of different growing substrates on lettuce under a non-circulating hydroponics system. It was conducted at Cagayan State University-Piat Campus from September to October 2019. The Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications was used to test the following treatments: T1-Rockwool, T2-Coco peat, T3-Carbonized Rice Hull (CRH) and T4-Sawdust. Results show that plants under coco coir (T2)-obtained the tallest and longest roots while the most number of leaves and heaviest fresh biomass was registered in rock wool (T1). In terms of water pH, the result revealed no significant differences among treatment means. In the absence of rock wool, the coco coir can be used as an alternative as growing substrates for a non-circulating hydroponics system since they did not differ significantly.

As it provides a firm foundation for advancing knowledge, a solid literature review is a critical feature of any academic investigation. Yet, there are several challenges in performing literature reviews including: i) lack of access to the literature because of costs, ii) fracturing of the literature into many sources, lack of access and comprehensive coverage in many databases and search engines, and iii) the use of proprietary software lock-in strategies for bibliographic software, which can make porting literature reviews between organizations cumbersome and costly. These challenges often result in poor quality literature reviews completed by a single researcher unfamiliar with the approaches to the same research in other sub-fields and static reviews that are often lost to the scientific community. In this paper, an open source approach will be expanded to the application of improving the quality of literature reviews by providing best practices. Although there are many types and goals of literature reviews, it is found that all of them can be improved using a tool chain of free and open source software (FOSS) and methods. Specifically, this paper will provide a clear framework for i) comprehensive searching and obtaining access to the literature, ii) the use of FOSS for all steps including browsing, bibliographic software, and writing and iii) documenting a literature review to encourage collaboration of a dynamic document that lives into the future. This approach solves the current challenges of literature reviews and provides benefits of lower labor and economic costs, improved researcher control, and increased potential for collaboration. Finally, the challenges of using this approach and methods to overcome them are reviewed and future work is described.