Electricity demand is increasing, as a result of increasing consumers in the electricity market. By growing smart technologies such as smart grid and smart energy management systems, customers were given a chance to actively participate in demand response programs (DRPs), and reduce their electricity bills as a result. This study overviews the DRPs and their practices, along with home energy management systems (HEMS) and load management techniques. The paper provides brief literature on HEMS technologies and challenges. The paper is organized in a way to provide some technical information about DRPs and HEMS to help the reader understand different concepts about the smart grid, and be able to compare the essential concerns about the smart grid. The article includes a brief discussion about DRPs and their importance for the future of energy management systems. It is followed by brief literature about smart grids and HEMS, and a home energy management system strategy is also discussed in detail. The literature shows that storage devices have a huge impact on the efficiency and performance of energy management system strategies.

A bounty of innovative technologies, designed to improve our quality of life by integrating intelligent devices into various aspects of home living, have emerged in recent years. While a lot of these technologies have already graduated from the wishlists of the early adopters into the mainstream, there is still a lot to be said about the efficiency of the decision to go from home to smart home. Many technologies aim to increase comfort alone, while mostly disregarding concerns for costs; others aim to maintain or improve comfort while decreasing usage costs, typically those pertaining to energy and other utilities. Our study looks at those technologies which promise to yield the best results in terms of economic efficiency and analyses the relationship between current trends on energy markets and the price points required to make those technologies viable on a large scale.

Smart home has evolved from exclusively referring to the centralized and semi-automated control of environmental systems. A smart home is also one of the applications of IoT. This paper presents the system architecture and methodologies used to create a new sophisticated smart home which creates user routines and predicts power consumption from the data received from the various sensors. Smart homes are those where daily household devices/ appliances can be monitored and controlled remotely. When these household devices are connected with the internet using proper network architecture and standard protocols, the system can be called as a Smart Home in IoT environment. This paper not only presents various problems and challenges in IoT and Smart Homes but also provides solutions that would help overcome those problems and challenges.

Published research on smart homes and their users is growing exponentially, yet a clear understanding of who these users are and how they might use smart home technologies is missing from a field being overwhelmingly pushed by technology developers. Through a systematic analysis of peer-reviewed literature on smart homes and their users, this paper takes stock of the dominant research themes and the linkages and disconnects between them. Key findings within each of nine themes are analysed, grouped into three: (1) views of the smart home—functional, instrumental, socio-technical; (2) users and the use of the smart home—prospective users, interactions and decisions, using technologies in the home; and (3) challenges for realising the smart home—hardware and software, design, domestication. These themes are integrated into an organising framework for future research that identifies the presence or absence of cross-cutting relationships between different understandings of smart homes and their users. The usefulness of the organising framework is illustrated in relation to two major concerns—privacy and control—that have been narrowly interpreted to date, precluding deeper insights and potential solutions. Future research on smart homes and their users can benefit by exploring and developing cross-cutting relationships between the research themes identified.

Primary objective: The study aim is to explore the perceptions and expectations of seniors in regard to 'smart home' technology installed and operated in their homes with the purpose of improving their quality of life and/or monitoring their health status. Research design and methods: Three focus group sessions were conducted within this pilot study to assess older adults' perceptions of the technology and ways they believe technology can improve their daily lives. Themes discussed in these groups included participants' perceptions of the usefulness of devices and sensors in health-related issues such as preventing or detecting falls, assisting with visual or hearing impairments, improving mobility, reducing isolation, managing medications, and monitoring of physiological parameters. The audiotapes were transcribed and a content analysis was performed.

Since the commercialization of the Internet began over twenty years ago, we have been fascinated with the opportunities that computer-mediated environments present for human interaction. As a result, we have spent the last few decades researching the marketing and consumer behavior impact of consumers’ interactions in digital environments.

Now, as the consumer Internet of Things emerges, we find ourselves with renewed excitement as we consider the opportunities for consumer interaction in physical environments with objects that have brought the Internet with them into the real world. Just as the Internet was revolutionary because it enabled many-to-many communication through connected digital networks at unprecedented scale, the IoT is a revolutionary advance that brings the digital into the physical realm. Now, interaction is distributed not just virtually “on the Internet,” but also everywhere in the real world where people actually live, work and play.

What awaits us as we are able to interact with smart objects in our everyday lives, and these objects are able to interact with each other, often autonomously? What are the implications for human interaction and for consumer experience? Will new marketing approaches be required? In the course of thinking about these kinds of questions over the past few years, we realized we needed a new framework to help our thinking jell. We found that framework in assemblage theory. The smart home assemblage serves as the context for our theorizing, but we believe our approach generalizes to any consumer IoT assemblage.

In the monograph linked above, we present an assemblage-theory based conceptual framework and its implications for consumer experience in the smart home. In 8 sections, we discuss the evolution of the Internet and the emergence of the consumer IoT, offer a lay version of assemblage theory, develop our framework and discuss the implications of our framework for research in UX, consumer experience, and marketing strategy. The last two sections offer some early practical insights derived from our theory and some perspective on where things might be going.

Because the pace of change is rapid, we wanted to put this material on the Web as early as possible for comment and feedback. The monograph remains a work in progress. We are developing several papers based on these ideas  for submission to academic journals and look forward to hearing from others working in this compelling new area.

Donna Hoffman & Tom Novak
Washington, DC
V1.0, August 20, 2015

Smart homes are equipped residences for clients aiming at supplying suitable services via intelligent technologies. Through smart homes, household appliances as the Internet of Things (IoT) devices can easily be handled and monitored from a far distance by remote controls. With the day-today popularity of smart homes, it is anticipated that the number of connections rises faster. With this remarkable rise in connections, some issues such as substantial data volumes, security weaknesses, and response time disorders are predicted. In order to solve these obstacles and suggest an auspicious solution, fog computing as an eminently distributed architecture has been proposed to administer the massive, security-crucial, and delaysensitive data, which are produced by communications of the IoT devices in smart homes. Indeed, fog computing bridges space between various IoT appliances and cloud-side servers and brings the supply side (cloud layer) to the demand side (user device layer). By utilizing fog computing architecture in smart homes, the issues of traditional architectures can be solved. This paper proposes a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method for fog-based smart homes (published between 2014 and May 2019). A practical taxonomy based on the contents of the present research studies is represented as resource-management-based and service-management-based approaches. This paper also demonstrates an abreast comparison of the aforementioned solutions and assesses them under the same evaluation factors. Applied tools, evaluation types, algorithm types, and the pros and cons of each reviewed paper are observed as well. Furthermore, future directions and open challenges are discussed.

A B S T R A C T Energy saving is a hot topic due to the proliferation of climate changes and energy challenges globally. However, people's perception about using smart technology for energy saving is still in the concept stage. This means that people talk about environmental awareness readily, yet in reality, they accept to pay the given energy bill. Due to the availability of electricity and its integral role, modulating consumers' attitudes towards energy savings can be a challenge. Notably, the gap in today's smart technology design in smart homes is the understanding of consumers' behaviour and the integration of this understanding into the smart technology. As part of the Paris Climate change agreement (2015), it is paramount for Singapore to introduce smart technologies targeted to reduce energy consumption. This paper focused on the perception of Singapore households on smart technology and its usage to save energy. Areas of current research include: (1) energy consumption in Singapore households, (2) public programs and policies in energy savings, (3) use of technology in energy savings, and (4) household perception of energy savings in smart homes. Furthermore, three case studies are reviewed in relation to smart homes and smart technology, while discussing the maturity of existing solutions.

With an exponential advancement of automation technology, the future of manual systems are changing into automatic systems for various benefits. Also, internet has become an integral part of one's life where Internet of Things (IoT) is the latest and emerging internet technology that has changed the way one looks at things. Internet of things is a growing network of everyday object-from industrial machine to consumer goods that can share information and complete tasks while you are busy with other activities. The main aim of the paper is to design a smart home automation system using IoT, that is to turn a customary home to a smart home using IoT. This paper presents the design of smart home automation system that employs the integration of cloud networking , wireless communication, to provide the user with remote control of various lights, fans, and appliances within their home from a smart phone, monitoring the home environment and storing sensor data onto the cloud. The system will automatically control appliances on the basis of sensors' data. This system is designed to be low cost and expandable allowing a variety of devices to be controlled and provides user friendly interface and ease of installation.

There is an increasing amount of research into intelligent space (e.g. pervasive computing, ambient intelligence, intelligent environments, smart homes etc). Much of the current research focuses on environments populated by numerous computing devices, sensors, actuators, various wired and wireless networking systems. A popular vision for such spaces is that lay-users will be able acquire unique sets of networked appliances and direct them to produce the collective functionality they desire (sometimes described as “decorating their iSpace). Thus, a significant question posed by such visions is how the non-technical user would be able to “program” an iSpace to produce the desired functionality. In this paper we discuss two different approaches to addressing this challenge. The first approach is based on the use of embedded autonomous agents which discretely sense the user’s actions in the environment and, in a life-long learning mode, autonomously “programs” the iSpace to match the user’s habitual behaviour (implicit programming). The second approach is based on the application of programming-by-example techniques (PBE) in which the system enters a discrete teaching phase in which the user “programs” the iSpace by demonstrating the required behaviour to the system (explicit programming). We give deta ils of systems we have developed including the iDorm test-bed, our ISL & AOFIS agents, the dComp ontology (including the notion of virtual appliances and coordinated communities) and our TOP end-user programming methodology, reporting on results of various trials. We discuss the relative advantages of each approach covering topics such as performance, efficiency, cognitive loading, privacy and creativity, and conclude that future systems will probably require agents at lower system levels and end-user programming at the user level.

Smart cooking based on Amazon Echo uses the internet of things and cloud computing to assist in cooking food. People may speak to Amazon Echo during the cooking in order to get the information and situation of the cooking. Amazon Echo recognizes what people say, then transfers the information to the cloud services, and speaks to people the results that cloud services make by querying the embedded cooking knowledge and achieving the information of intelligent kitchen devices online. An intelligent food thermometer and its mobile application are well-designed and implemented to monitor the temperature of cooking food.

In this chapter, the authors collected data from issues related to threats in the applications of IoT-based technologies that describe the security and privacy issues from 30 peer reviewed publications from 2014 to 2017. Further, they analyzed each threat type and its percentages in each application of the internet of things. The results indicated that the applications of smart transportation (20%) face the highest amount of security and privacy issues followed by smart home (19%) and smart cities (18%) compared to the rest of the applications. Further, they determined that the biggest threats were denial of service attack (9%) followed by eavesdropping (5%), man in the middle (4%), and replay (4%). Denial of service attacks and man in the middle attack are active attacks that can severely damage human life whereas eavesdropping is a passive attack that steals information. This study has found that privacy issues have the biggest impacts on people. Therefore, researchers need to find possible solutions to these threats to improve the quality of IoT applications.

Technological innovations, from ubiquitous computing, augmented reality, telecommunication to intelligent appliances and robotics, bring new possibilities to the Smart Home domain, which has led to an increase in the number of academic publications in this domain. To date, no comprehensive overview and clustering of the core concepts used in these publications have been produced. Based on an extensive review of existing literature on the Smart Home, this paper visualizes the state of the art in the Smart Home research in a systematic way and outlines future research challenges. To do so, a business model framework is applied that helps researchers place their work within a broader context and identify gaps in the existing body of knowledge in this area. In order to move from the exploration towards the exploitation of Smart Home concepts, it is essential to contribute to a coherent body of knowledge that not only is technology driven, as it is the case now, but also pay attention to the non-technological aspects, i.e. social-organizational, economical, organizational, law/legislation and entrepreneurial topics, from both a strategic and an operational perspective.

Technology has totally changed the culture and working of people. With every passing day it is gaining popularity and becoming one of the most important gadgets of our lives. Researchers are enthusiastically pursuing areas of research which can contribute to Internet of Things (IoT). Now a day's sensing communication, control and actuation is becoming more refined and available everywhere, there is momentous overlap in these communities, still there are some missing gaps that need to be filled and addressed for better understanding of communication among these real life objects. To give an overview for Major IOT areas of Services and discuss the loopholes and missing gaps with research community by adding a critical review and feedback, the paper addresses missing Dots of IOT with its vital role for driving future technology.