This dataset, released quarterly, contains annual and monthly data for exchange rates important to U.S. agriculture. It is produced by the Agricultural Exchange Rate model developed by the USDA Economic Research Service (ERS). It includes both nominal and real exchange rates for 79 countries, plus the European Union (EU), as well as real trade-weighted exchange rate indexes for many commodities and aggregations. Which exchange rates matter the most varies by commodity, since the countries the United States trades with vary by commodity; these important differences are captured by the commodity indexes in this dataset. The data series start at the beginning of 1970 and run to the last available data point. Primary data sources include the International Monetary Fund (IMF), USDA, Foreign Agricultural Service’s Global Agricultural Trade System database (GATS), and the Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT).