This study characterizes the plant inorganic phosphate transporter PHO1 through cryogenic electron microscopy and biochemical and physiological analysis, revealing the molecular and regulatory mechanism of transport mediated by the SPX–EXS family.

Through surveying 808 angiosperm genomes, this study reveals that the two-tiered plant immune receptor repertoires display hierarchically adaptive reduction during plant adaptation to special lifestyles or habitats with low pathogen burdens.

NPF1 governs parthenocarpy by activating YUC4 expression in the ovules of cucumber. The selection of a single mutation in the NPF1 gene, along with a SNP in the YUC4 promoter, led to parthenocarpic fruit development during cucumber domestication.

This study explores a precise and efficient chromosome editing technology that enables the scarless deletion, replacement and inversion of large DNA fragments, up to the megabase scale, in plants and holds considerable promise for crop improvement.

H₂O₂ plays a critical role in many aspects of plant development. This study uncovers that H₂O₂-mediated oxidative modification modulates the function of m⁶A demethylase SlALKBH2, thereby regulating fruit ripening in tomato.

This study explores the genome evolution and diversity of orchids by constructing and analysing chromosome-scale de novo assembled genomes of the representative accessions across 12 sections in Dendrobium, one of the largest orchid genera.

The comprehensive and quantitative mapping of pseudouridine (Ψ) sites across four plant species provides critical resources for plant Ψ research, and reveals multilayered translation regulation through rRNA, tRNA and mRNA pseudouridylation in plants.

Hornworts are the only land plants with a pyrenoid-based CO₂-concentrating mechanism. This study presents evidence that some of the key components in algal pyrenoid-based CO₂-concentrating mechanisms are conserved in hornworts and probably serve similar functions.

The study uncovered a novel wax alcohol-forming pathway involving a two-step reduction process and further elucidated the carbon relocation mechanism between the alcohol- and alkane-forming pathway in response to environmental cues.

This study presents 11 new hornwort (Anthocerotophyta) genomes that clarify the structure and evolution of sex and accessory chromosomes in bryophytes and shed new light on the early evolution of land plants.

This work describes protein-coated clay nanoparticles that are actively taken up by roots to deliver synthetic RNA and DNA-encoded genes into plants. The nanoparticles can also deliver functional nucleic acids directly into other plant tissues.

This study identifies a molecular mechanism promoting fruit shape variation. Local meristem identity is maintained through autoregulatory activation of the STM gene to allow post-fertilization changes in fruit morphology.

Deep genome sequencing and comprehensive phenotyping of 294 hexaploid sweet potato accessions reveal the effect of allele dosage on phenotypic variation, offering valuable insights into the breeding history of sweet potato.

The plant general non-self response system is triggered by leaf microbiota members and, in turn, impacts their colonization.

The near-complete genome of hexaploid wild oat, along with 117 global wild and cultivated accessions, reveals genome divergence between wild and cultivated oats and a large fragment duplication event from chromosomes 4A to 4D during oat domestication.

In tomato roots, the exodermis forms a genetically distinct polar lignin cap (PLC) barrier from the Casparian strip. SlSCZ and SlEXO1 repress PLC deposition in inner layers. The PLC cannot fully compensate for the CS as a mineral ion barrier.

Stomata regulate gas exchange and help plants cope with abiotic stress. The authors identify a signalling pathway that coordinates the balance between stomatal opening and closing under high-temperature and/or drought conditions.

This study reports the mechanism of phytotoxicity by the explosive 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) that is being phased in to replace TNT in munitions. Only low levels of DNAN are detoxified by plants, causing chronic toxicity and potential exposure to herbivores.

A cereal-specific transcription factor, ZmICE1a, positively regulates storage in the central part of the endosperm while negatively regulating defence in its peripheral region, revealing the molecular mechanism underlying the antagonism between resistance and yield, which is crucial for cereal crop improvement.

The first land plant faced environmental challenges during terrestrial colonization. This study shows how the co-option of gene regulatory networks contributes to nutrient responses, facilitating the terrestrial adaptation of ancestral land plants.