DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH Direct and Indirect Speech, yang juga kita kenal dengan istilah lain

yaitu Reported Speech. Direct Speect adalah kalimat yang diucapkan secara langsung oleh pembicara dan jika ditulis kalimat tersebut akan diberi tanda kutip. Sedangkan Indirect Speech adalah kalimat yang kita laporkan kepada orang lain secara tidak langsung dan tanpa diberi koma. Contoh: Reporting verb: Tono says, Reported words Im very good at English Tense yang harus kita perhatikan dalam pola ini yaitu: Direct Speech: Simple Present Tense Present Continuous Tense Present Perfect Tense Present Perfect Continuous Tense Simple Past Tense Simple Future Tense Future Continouos Tense Conditional Indirect Speech: Simple Past Tense Past Continuous Tense Past Perfect Tense Past Perfect Continuous Tense Past Perfect Tense Past Future Tense/Conditional Past Future Continuous Tense (Conditional Continuous) Conditional Kalau reported speech berhubungan dengan kebenaran umum atau fakta yang sudah menjadi kebiasaan, present indefinite atau simple present dalam reported speech tidak diubah ke dalam bentuk lampau yang sesuai, melainkan tetap persis sebagaimana adanya, Contoh : He said, The sun rises in the east He said that the sun rises in the east. PERUBAHAN ADVERB OF TIME (KETERANGAN WAKTU) YANG PERLU DIPERHATIKAN: Direct : Indirect : Now Then Today That day Tonight That night This week That week Yesterday The day before The day before yesterday Two days before Last night The night before Last week/year The previous week/year A year ago A year before/The previous year Three years ago Three years before Tomorrow The next day/The following day The day after tomorrow In two days time/The following day Next week/year The following week/year On Sunday On Sunday

Here There This book The book This That These Those Over there Over there *etc. PERUBAHAN-PERUBAHAN AUXILIARIES (KATA BANTU) YANG HARUS DIPERHATIKAN: Can Could May Might Might Might Must Would have to (kegiatan yang akan datang)/had to (keharusan yang biasa) *etc. Contoh: The man said, I must mend the wall next week The man said that he would have to mend the wall the following week. Pria itu mengatakan bahwa dia harus memperbaiki dinding minggu berikutnya. The girl said, I must wash my hands before eating The girl said that she had to wash her hands before eating. Gadis itu berkata bahwa dia harus mencuci tangannya sebelum makan. *etc. Direct and Indirect Speech ada 3 macam: 1. Statement (Pernyataan) yang menggunakan that He said, we will go to Singapore tomorrow He said that they would go to Singapore the next day. Bob said, Im a university student Bob said that he was a university student. 2. Command (Perintah) menambahkan kata to sebagai penghubung kalimat melaporkan dengan yang dilaporkan. not to dalam perintah negatif. He told me, wait for me ! He told me to wait for him. She told me, dont cheat anymore ! She told me not to cheat anymore. 3. Question (Pertanyaan) jika kalimat dari jenis yes or no question, maka bentuk laporannya menggunakan if atau whether. Ina asked me, Do you really love me? Ina asked me if/whether I really loved her. Mixed type: Contoh: Anton asked me, whats happening to you ? You look so pale Anton asked me what was happening to me as I looked so pale. Catatan: Past Tense kadang-kadang tidak berubah dalam percakapan. EXAMPLE DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH : 1. D : She says to her friend, I have been reading I : She says to her friend that he has been reading 2. D : He will say, The girl wasnt ugly I : He will tell them that the girl wasnt ugly

3. D : Reza said, Im very sleepy I : Reza said that he was very sleepy 4. D : He has told you, I am writing I : He has told you that he is writing 5. D : Mother said to her son, study hard I : Mothe advised her son to study hard 6. D : My friend said to me, I dont like football I : My friend said to me that he didnt like football 7. D : She said, I didnt go to campus I : She said that she hadnt gone to campus this morning 8. D : Rikza says, I have seen that movies I : Rikza says that she has seen that movies 9. D : Mother asked her, Dont go there alone I : Mother asked her not to go there alone 10. D : Father asked robi, Dont smoke too much I : Father asked robi not to smoke too much

Penjelasan Direct dan Indirect Speech (Reported Speech)

Penjelasan Direct dan Indirect Speech (Reported Speech) - Direct dan Indirect Speech merupakan materi grammar bahasa Inggris yang banyak diajarkan di jenjang SMP dan SMA. Direct dan Indirect Speech atau yang biasa disebut Reported Speech ini menjadi langganan bentuk soal yang sering keluar di UN baik untuk SMP dan SMA. Atas dasar begitu pentingnya materi Direct dan Indirect Speech ini, maka pada kesempatan kali ini penulis memberikan penjelasan mengenai Direct dan Inderct tersebut dengan lengkap kepada pengunjung sekalian. Semoga bermanfaat. Direct dan Indirect Speech Ketika kita merubah kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tidak langsung, ada beberapa hal yang mengalami perubahan diantaranya perubahan struktur kalimat, tensis, pronoun (kata ganti orang), keterangan waktu dan tempat (Adverbs of time and place). Sebelum melangkah jauh ke sub-pembahasan tersebut di atas, alangkah baiknya ada juga mengerti tentang apa yang dimaksud Reporting Speech dan Reported Speech. Reporting Speech adalah bagian dalam kalimat direct speech yang di tandai oleh tanda petik (") dan di akhiri oleh tanda petik (").

He said, "I have a present for you in my bag." He asked me, "why do you come late."

Sedangkan Reported Speech adalah baigan awal dari kalimat direct speech.

He said, "I have a present for you in my bag." He asked me, "why do you come late."

Untuk itu, pada artikel ini penulis sengaja membagi beberpa sub-penjelasan mengenai direct dan indirect speech berdasakan perubahan-perbuahan di atas.

1. Perubahan Stuktur kalimat Jika kita lihat pada kalimat direct speech, terdapat ciri-ciri yang identik yaitu terdapat tanda petik ("). Tada petik tersebut merupakan cara yang sering digunakan untuk membedakan mana yang direct atau yang indirect. Ketika klimat direct speech tersebut dirubah menjadi kalimat indirect speech, tanda petik tersebut pun dihilangkan atau digantikan dengan kata "that" atau "to" (untuk kalimat perintah). Misalnya: No Direct Speech 01 He said, "I have a present for you in my bag." Indirect Speech He said that he had a present for me in his bag. He ordered me to didn't bring a bag.

02 He asked me, "why do you come late." He asked me why I came late. 03 He orderd me, "don't bring a bag."

Perubahan struktur kalimat juga terjadi jika pada direct speech menggunakan kalimat tanya, maka akan dirubah menjadi kalimat afirmatif (berita). Untuk kalimat direct speech yang menggunakan kalimat tanya "yes-no question" maka akan dirubah menjadi if/whether. Contohnya: No Direct Speech 01 02 Indirect Speech

They asked me, "Do you want to join They asked me if/whether I want to join us to play football?" them to play football. He asked me, "Does she want to mary me?" He asked me if/whether she wants to mary her.

Untuk kalimat direct speech yang menggunakan 5W1H question (Why, Who, What, When, WHere, How), maka akan dirubah menjadi kalimat afirmatif dengan cara sebagai berikut: No Direct Speech 02 He asked me, "what does she eat?" 03 He asked me, "when did you come?" 04 He asked me, "who are you?" 05 He asked me, "who is she?" 2. Perubahan Tensis (Tenses) Seperti yang dijelaskan dimuka, perbuahan dari direct ke indirect juga mempengaruhi tensis yang digunakan. Kebanyakan siswa sulit memahami Indirect Speech He asked me what she ate. He asked me when I came. He asked me who I was. He asked me who she was.

01 He asked me, "why do you come late?" He asked me why you came late.

perubahan yang satu ini. Untuk itu, penulis sengaja membuatkan tabel perubahan tensis agar mudah dimengerti. Di bawah ini adalah tabel Perubahan Tenses dari direct speech ke indirect speech. No Direct Speech 01 Simple Present 02 Present Continuous 03 Present Future 04 Present Perfect 06 Simple Past 07 Past Continuous Indirect Speech Simple Past Past Continuous Past Future Past Perfect Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous

05 Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous

Atau bisa lebih dipermudah dengan tabel berikut di bawah ini, yaitu: No Direct Speech 01 V1 (eat) 02 V2 (ate) 03 Am/is/are 04 Do/does 05 Do/does not 06 Did not 07 Was/were 08 Am/is/are + V-ing 09 Was/were +V-ing 10 Has/have + V3 11 Will/shall/can/may/must 12 Could/might/should/would + V1/be Indirect Speech V2 (ate) Had + V3 (had eaten) Was/were Did Did not Had not + V3 Had been Was/were + V-ing Had been + V-ing Had + V3 Would/should/could/might/had to Could/might/should/would + have+ V3/been

3. Perubahan Pronoun Perubahan pronoun dan possessive tergantung kepada sabjek dan objek yang dipakai di direct speech (kalimat langsung) yang tentunya mempengaruhi perubahan pronoun pada indirect speech (kalimat tidak langsung).

Kata ganti orang pertama (I dan We) pada reporting speech (lihat penjelasan di awal) berubah sesuai subjek yang ada di reproted speech. No Direct Speech 01 He said, I am busy. Indirect Speech He said that he was busy.

02 She said, I am unwell. 03 I said, I will be late. 04 05 They said, We will not permit this. We said, We need to buy some clothes.

She said that she was unwell. I said that I would be late. They said that they would not permit that. We said that we needed to buy some clothes.

Kata ganti orang kedua (You) di reporting speech pada direct speech berubah sesuai objek pada reported speech. No Direct Speech 01 Indirect Speech

He said to me, You have to come with He told me that I had to go with me. him. She told me that I could go. She told him that he could go.

02 She said to me, You can go. 03 She said to him, You can go.

Kata ganti orang ketiga (He, she, it dan they) pada direct speech tidak mengalami perubahan ketika dirubah ke indirect speech. No Direct Speech 01 He said, She is a good girl. 02 She said, They have invited us. 03 Indirect Speech He said that she was a good girl. She said that they had invited them.

They said, He does not have the They said that he did not have the necessary qualifications. necessary qualifications. 4. Perubahan Keterangan waktu dan tempat (Adverbs of time and place) Tidak cuma itu, dalam perubahan dari direct speech ke indirect speech juga mempengaruhi adverbs khusunya adverb of time (keterangan waktu) dan adverb of place (keterangan tempat). Untuk itu anda wajib memahami tabel di bawah ini. No Direct Speech 01 Now 02 To day 03 Tomorrow Indirect Speech Then That day The next day The day after The following day A day later The ... after The following ... The ... before The Previous ... ... before ... earlier

04 Next ... 05 Last ... 06 ... ago

07 Yesterday

The day before The previous day The preceeding day There That Those

08 The day before yesterday Two day before 09 Here 10 This 11 These

Di bawah ini adalah contoh-contoh direct dan indirect speech untuk menambah pemahaman mengenai penjelasan di atas. Direct Speech (+) He said, I have a present for you in my bag. here Indirect Speech He said that he had a present for me in his bag there.

(-)

He said, I do not have a present for you He said that he did not have a present in my bag for me in his bag.

(?)

He asked, Do I have a present for you in He asked me if/whether he had a my bag? present for me in his bag. He asked me why he had to have a present for me in his bag.

(?) He asked me, Why do I have to have a present for you in my bag?

(!) He ordered/commanded me, Bring my bag here now! (!) He ordered me, Dont bring your bag here!

He ordered/commanded me to bring his bag there then. He ordered me not to bring my bag there.