Secondary Sources Dowie, Mark. Losing Ground: American Environmentalism at the Close of the Twentieth Century.

Cambridge, MA: MIT, 1995. Print. Annotation: This book provides some useful information on the beginnings of the movement. We didnt use it as heavily as the other resources, but it still managed to give us some quotes and ideas for where to research next. Gaylord Nelson and Earth Day: The Making of the Modern Environmental Movement. Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies and Wisconsin Historical Society, 20 Apr. 2011. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. Annotation: This website described the history of Earth Day--a topic tangential to our website, but still relevant. It also helped us find a primary source--Senator Mondales speech. Graham, Frank. Since Silent Spring. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1970. Print. Annotation: Even though this book was written less than a decade after Silent Spring was published, it still provides important information about the ways the industry and government policy shifted in response to Carsons book. Hawken, Paul. Blessed Unrest: How the Largest Movement in the World Came into Being, and Why No One Saw It Coming. New York: Viking, 2007. Print. Annotation: Blessed Unrest ties together the environmental movement with several other movements dedicated to improving life and equality. In addition to useful details, it shows how environmentalism influenced things that might not look related. Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. "Chemical Structures Starting with the Letter D." About.com. InterActiveCorp, 2013. Web. 21 Feb. 2013 Annotation: We wouldnt usually consider About.com to be a reliable source, but the only thing we took from this website was a picture of a DDT molecule. Were citing it as a secondary source because it was a modern image and had no historical context. Kovarik, William. Environmental History Timeline. Web. 21 Feb. 2013

Annotation: The Environmental History Timeline is an elaborate catalogue of environmentalism through history. Some of it related directly to Silent Spring and its effects on society, including some pictures, but we mainly used it to learn about the state of the environmental movement before the 1960s and its mission today. Rome, Adam. ""Give Earth a Chance": The Environmental Movement and the Sixties." Journal of American History 90.2 (2003): 527-54. The Journal of American History. Organization of American Historians, 2013. Web. Annotation: This article related the environmental movement to other social movements of the Sixties. Reading it influenced us to believe that environmentalism was related to other social upheaval of the time period. Scheffer, Victor B. The Shaping of Environmentalism in America. Seattle: University of Washington, 1991. Print. Annotation: This book was very useful for background reading. It also provided some interesting facts about specific events that happened during the early days of the movement. It was slightly biased toward seeing environmentalism as a good thing, but overall seemed like an objective and reliable source for information. Sideris, Lisa H., and Kathleen Dean Moore, eds. Rachel Carson: Legacy and Challenge. Albany: State University of New York, 2008. Print. Annotation: This is a collection of essays on Rachel Carson and her work by modern academics. Not all of them were relevant to our topic, but it was still a good source of context and background information. Silent Spring: Echoes of Silent Spring. Michigan State University Museum. Web. 21 Feb. 2013 Annotation: The Michigan State University Museum had an exhibit about Rachel Carson and Silent Spring. Their website had lots of articles that covered a wide range of time, from the attitude towards the environment in the early 60s to controversy over Silent Spring today.

Primary Sources 1950 Motorola 12" B&W Television. Digital image. Television History The First 75 Years. TVhistory.tv, 2012. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. Annotation: This image shows a 1950 television, which we used as an example of a technological advance of the time. Barr, CC. The Rachel Carson Homestead. Digital image. Explore PA History. U.S Department of Education, 2007. Web. 5 Feb. 2013. Annotation: This image shows the house where Rachel Carson grew up, which has been preserved as a historic marker. It is used in conjunction with background information on Carsons early life. Bhattacharyya, Arpita. "The 50th Anniversary Of Silent Spring Reminds Us Of The Importance Of Environmental Regulations." ThinkProgress. Center for American Progress Action Fund, 21 Sept. 2012. Web. 21 Feb. 2013 Annotation: Although this source has a clear and possibly biased point of view, thats what we were looking for when we wanted a quote to close the website with. We used their closing paragraph on our last page. Black Flag Insecticide. Advertisement. TJS Labs Gallery of Graphic Design. TJS Labs, n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2013 Annotation: This is a 1946 advertisement that we used on our website to show how common DDT products used to be. Carson Meeting with President Kennedy's Science Advisory Committee, 1963. Digital image. TeacherServe. National Humanities Center, 2010. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. Annotation: This picture was used on our Early Environmentalism page. Carson on CBS. Digital image. Environment and Society. Rachel Carson Center for Environment and Society, 2012. Web. 5 Feb. 2013. Annotation: This is a picture from the CBS report that Carson did in 1963. The report heightened the controversy around Silent Spring and resulted in CBS losing three of its sponsors from the chemical industry.

Carson posing with Silent Spring. Digital image. Environment and Society. Rachel Carson Center for Environment and Society, 2012. Web. 5 Feb. 2013. Annotation: This image shows Rachel Carson posing with her book for the cover of a Life magazine issue. Carson, Rachel. Silent Spring. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1962. Print. Annotation: The book is the subject of the project, so it would be remiss not to include it. We can use the book itself to fact-check statements made about it, and to learn about the state of the industry during the time it was published. Cottam, Clarence. "A Noisy Reaction." Sierra Club Bulletin Jan. 1963. Web. 21 Feb. 2013 Annotation: This was another article available online from the University of Minnesota. Written later than the other reviews, after some time had passed for America to react to Silent Spring, it is very positive, but also makes time to address the books critics. Darby, William. "Silence, Miss Carson." Rev. of Silent Spring. Chemical and Engineering News 1 Oct. 1962: 62-63. 21 Feb. 2013 Annotation: We accessed this very critical review, an early perspective on Silent Spring from a source tied to the chemical industry, through an activity on the University of Minnesotas website. It was a good example of what the negative reviews of the book looked like. Drogus, Valerie. "Group Formed to Fight Spread of Pesticides." Minnesota Daily [Minneapolis] 25 May 1983: 1+. Print. Annotation: This article shows what kinds of organizations were created by the environmental movement. It also has a quote from one organizations founder who names Silent Spring as the major influence behind pesticide reduction. Dunlap, Thomas R., ed. DDT, Silent Spring, and the Rise of Environmentalism: Classic Texts. Seattle: University of Washington, 2008. Print. Annotation: This book is a collection of primary sources, including

scientific papers, interviews, and newspapers and magazine articles with both environmentalist and anti-environmentalist views, organized by time. It helped us write a coherent account of events and to back it up with quotes and facts. One section, a report on pesticide use by President Kennedys Science Advisory Committee, specifically credits Silent Spring with a rise of public interest in the issue. Earth Day protests in 1970. Digital image. Earth Day Network. Earth Day Network. (http://www.earthday.org/gallery/earth-day-historymovement) Web. 21 Feb. 2013. Annotation: We used the third picture in this gallery of images in our Earth Day section. EPA. DDT Ban Takes Effect. US EPA. N.p., 31 Dec. 1972. Web. 18 Feb. 2013 Annotation: This press release on the EPA website announced that DDT had been banned in the United States. Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, first page. Digital image. U.S. Government Printing Office. (http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/granule/STATUTE-78/STATUTE-78Pg190/content-detail.html) Web. 21 Feb. 2013. Annotation: This image from the U.S. Government Printing Office originally included another act on the same page. When we used it on our website, we edited it to show only the part of the image we were interested in. First Administrator on Establishment of EPA. About EPA. US EPA. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. Annotation: This was a press release by William D. Ruckelshaus originally published in 1970. We used a quote from it to explain the workings of the EPA. Fischer, G. "Award Ceremony Speech." Speech. Nobelprize.org. Nobelprize.org, 2013. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. Annotation: When Paul Mueller won the Nobel Prize for his work with DDT, this was the presentation speech. We quoted it on our DDT page.

Harrington, Robert W., Jr., and William L. Bidlingmayer. "Effects of Dieldrin on Fishes and Invertebrates of a Salt Marsh." The Journal of Wildlife Management 22.1 (1958): 76-82. JSTOR. ITHAKA, 2013. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. Annotation: This is a source Rachel Carson quoted in Silent Spring. When we quoted it, we chose to emphasize a different part of the quote than she did. Kaempffert, Waldemar. "Science in Review: DDT, the Army's Insect Powder, Strikes a Blow Against Typhus and for Pest Control." New York Times, 4 June 1944. Web. 21 Feb. 2013 Annotation: We accessed this article, which we quoted on our DDT page, through the Profiles in Science website. The article, which was written relatively soon after DDT was first used as an insecticide, describes how safe DDT is and showed us a common early attitude towards DDT. Kennedy, Patrick A. "Biological Control vs. Pesticides." Wellsboro Gazette 21 Sept. 1967: 4. Print. Annotation: This article shows the early progress made by the U.S government in enacting environmental policies. It starts by mentioning Silent Spring, tying the book to the government's efforts. It was published prior to the banning of DDT, but quotes a bulletin by the Department of the Interior that talks about the pesticide's harmful effects. Koehn, Nancy F. "Rachel Carson's Lessons, 50 Years After 'Silent Spring'" New York Times 27 Oct. 2012: n. pag. Web. 18 Feb. 2013 Annotation: We considered this article to be a primary source because we quoted it when talking about the anniversary of Silent Spring. It also contained a picture of a plane spreading DDT that we used on the website. Latham, Kogen. "'Silent Spring' Rips Harmful Chemicals." Pittsburgh Press 30 Sept. 1962: n. pag. The Digs: Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. 27 Sept. 2012. Web. 4 Feb. 2013. Annotation: This review of Silent Spring is used mostly as an image demonstrating the widespread newspaper coverage of the

book. Its tone is positive but worried and it predicts the ensuing controversy over pesticide use extremely well. Lee, John M. ""Silent Spring" Is Now Noisy Summer." New York Times 22 July 1962: 1+. ProQuest. Web. 4 Feb. 2013. Annotation: This article was written shortly after the publication of Silent Spring, and it addresses some of the controversy around the book. The article includes quotes from several pesticide industry representatives. It is fairly neutral on the subject of whether Silent Springs claims are correct, making it a reliable resource. "Lyndon B. Johnson: Remarks on Signing the Pesticide Control Bill." The American Presidency Project. The University of California, Santa Barbara, 2013. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. Annotation: From the American Presidency Project, a collection of primary presidential documents, we learned that President Johnson mentioned Rachel Carson when he signed the amendments to the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act in 1964. Milne, Lorus, and Milne, Margery. "There's Poison All Around Us Now." Rev. of Silent Spring. New York Times 23 Sept. 1962: n. pag. The New York Times on the Web. Web. 31 Jan. 2013 Annotation: This positive review was written in anticipation of Silent Springs publication in book form. It was helpful to have a very early reaction to the book, and it was interesting to read its predictions of the future. Mondale, Walter F. "Environment: The Commitment for Survival." Speech. Earth Day. Gaylord Nelson and Earth Day: The Making of the Modern Environmental Movement. Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies and Wisconsin Historical Society, 20 Apr. 2011. (http://www.nelsonearthday.net/collection/4-221970/nelson_157-8_mondale_ED_speech.pdf) Web. 21 Feb. 2013. Annotation: We quoted this speech in our section about Earth Day to prove that Rachel Carson was still relevant to the environmental movement even after her death and years after her book was published.

Nelson, Gaylord. "An Environmental Agenda for the 70's." Speech. Second Session of the 91st Congress. Washington, D.C. 19 Jan. 1970. Wisconsin Historical Society. Web. 14 Jan. 2013. Annotation: Nelson's speech shows the way that the government continued to become more aware of environmental issues. It addresses not only pesticides, but also air pollution and recycling, demonstrating an increasing interest in affairs dealing with the environment. Original EPA Seal, from October 18, 1971. Digital image. About EPA. US EPA, 2013. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. Annotation: We illustrated our section about the EPA with this image of the first EPA seal. "Pesticides: The Price for Progress." Time Magazine 28 Sept. 1962: 1. Time Magazine. Web. 14 Jan. 2013. Annotation: This negative review shows the attitudes that were behind the book's early criticism. It is dismissive of Carson's work without giving well supported reasons. The article has a positive view of technology and by extension pesticides that was common at the time it was published. Rachel Was Wrong - Silent Spring's Deadly Consequences. Competitive Enterprise Institute, 2012. Web. 20 Feb. 2013 Annotation: This website described some of the modern criticism of Rachel Carsons work. We chose to cite it as a primary source because it came from the era it was relevant to. Robins with "Silent Spring" Digital image. Michigan State University Museum. Michigan State University. (http://museum.msu.edu/index.php?q=node/934) Web. 21 Feb. 2013. Annotation: These robin specimens were collected after pesticide spraying at MSU killed most of the birds on the campus. For this picture, which we used on the Hidden Dangers of Pesticides page, the robins were posed with a copy of Silent Spring. Silent Spring, First Edition Cover. Digital image. Feature Story: Books

That Changed America. The University of Texas at Austin, 18 Dec. 2007. Web. 21 Feb. 2013 Annotation: We used this image of the cover of Silent Spring on the Reaction page of our website. Typhus Fever in Italy, 1943-1945, and Its Control with Louse Powder. Digital image. Profiles in Science. National Library of Medicine, 2012. (http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/ResourceMetadata/VVBBC Z) Web. 21 Feb. 2013. Annotation: The original image contained two separate pictures of dusting for lice. We edited the image and cut out only the first one, which we used on our website. United States. President's Advisory Council on Executive Organization. Ash Council Memo. By Roy L. Ash, et al. Washington, D.C.: 1970. About EPA. US EPA. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. Annotation: This was the memo sent to President Nixon recommending the founding of the EPA. We quoted it on the Environmentalism in the 1970s page on our website.