12

SAAT Module 12
Helicopter Aerodynamics, Structures and Systems

Level
12.1 Theory of Flight - Rotary Wing Aerodynamics
Terminology; Effects of gyroscopic precession; Torque reaction and directional control; Dissymmetry of lift, Blade tip stall; Translating tendency and its correction; Coriolis effect and compensation; Vortex ring state, power settling, overpitching; Auto-rotation; Ground effect.
A
1
B1
2
B2
-
12.2 Flight Control Systems

Cyclic control; Collective control; Swashplate; Yaw control: Anti -Torque Control, Tail rotor, bleed air; Main Rotor Head: Design and Operation features; Blade Dampers: Function and construction; Rotor Blades: Main and tail rotor blade construction and attachment; Trim control, fixed and adjustable stabilisers; System operation: manual, hydraulic, electrical and fly-by-wire; Artificial feel; Balancing and Rigging.
A
2
B1
3
B2
-
12.3 Blade Tracking and Vibration Analysis

Rotor alignment; Main and tail rotor tracking; Static and dynamic balancing; Vibration types, vibration reduction methods; Ground resonance.
A
1
B1
3
B2
-
12.4 Transmissions
Gear boxes, main and tail rotors; Clutches, free wheel units and rotor brake.
A
1
B1
3
B2
-
12.5 Airframe Structures
B1
B2
I C AT
a)
2 Airworthiness requirements for structural strength; Structural classification, primary, secondary and tertiary; Fail safe, safe life, damage tolerance concepts; Zonal and station identification systems; Stress, strain, bending, compression, shear, torsion, tension, hoop stress, fatigue; Drains and ventilation provisions; System installation provisions; Lightning strike protection provision;

Level
b) Construction methods of- stressed skin fuselage, formers, stringers, longerons, bulkheads, frames, doublers, struts, ties, beams, floor structures, reinforcement, methods of skinning and anti-corrosive protection. Pylon, stabiliser and undercarriage attachments; Seat installation; Doors: Construction mechanisms, operation and safety devices; Windows and windscreen construction; Fuel storage; Firewalls; Engine mounts; Structure assembly techniques: riveting, bolting, bonding; Method s of surfa ce pro tect ion , suc h as ch ro mat ing , anodising , p aint ing ; Surface cleaning; Airframe symmetry: methods of alignment and symmetry checks. 1 2 -
12.6 Air Conditioning (ATA 21)

Air supply Sources of air supply including engine bleed and ground cart; Air Conditioning Air conditioning systems; Distribution systems; Flow and temperature control systems; Protection and warning devices.
A
1 1
B1
2 3
B2
-
12.7 Instruments/Avionic Systems

Instrument Systems (ATA 31) Pilot static: altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed indicator; Gyroscopic: artificial horizon, attitude director, direction indicator, horizontal situation indicator, turn and slip indicator, turn co-ordinator; Compasses: direct reading, remote reading; Vibration indicating systems - HUMS; Other aircraft system indication. Avionic Systems Fundamentals of system layouts and operation of: Auto Flight (ATA 22); Communications (ATA 23); Navigation Systems (ATA 34).
A
1
B1
2
B2
-
12.8 Electrical Power (ATA 24)

Batteries Installation and Operation; DC power generation, AC power generation; Emergency power generation; Voltage regulation, Circuit protection; Power distribution; Inverters, transformers, rectifiers; External/Ground power.
A
1
B1
3
B2
-

Level
12.9 Equipment and Furnishings (ATA 25)
a) Emergency equipment requirements; Seats, harnesses and belts; Lifting systems; b) Emergency flotation systems; Cabin layout, cargo retention; Equipment layout; Cabin Furnishing Installation.
A
2
B1
2
B2
-
12.10 Fire Protection (ATA 26)

Fire and smoke detection and warning systems; Fire extinguishing systems; System tests.
A
1
B1
3
B2
-
12.11 Fuel Systems (ATA 28)

System layout; Fuel tanks; Supply systems; Dumping, venting and draining; Cross-feed and transfer; Indications and warnings; Refuelling and defuelling.
A
1
B1
3
B2
-
12.12 Hydraulic Power (ATA 29)

System layout; Hydraulic fluids; Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators; Pressure generation: electric, mechanical, pneumatic; Emergency pressure generation; Pressure Control; Power distribution; Indication and warning systems; Interface with other systems.
A
1
B1
3
B2
-
12.13 Ice and Rain Protection (ATA 30)

Ice formation, classification and detection; Anti-icing and De-icing systems: electrical, hot air and chemical; Rain repellent and removal; Probe and drain heating.
A
1
B1
3
B2
-
12.14 Landing Gear (ATA 32)

Construction, shock absorbing; Extension and retraction systems: normal and emergency; Indications and warning; Wheels, Tyres, brakes; Steering; Skids, floats.
A
2
B1
3
B2
-

Level
12.15 Lights (ATA 33)
External: navigation, landing, taxiing, ice; Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo; Emergency.
A
2
B1
3
B2
-
12.16 Pneumatic/Vacuum (ATA 36)

System layout; Sources: engine, compressors, reservoirs, ground supply; Pressure control; Distribution; Indications and warnings; Interfaces with other systems.
A
1
B1
3
B2
-

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SAAT Module 12

Helicopter Aerodynamics, Structures and Systems

12.2 Flight Control Systems

12.3 Blade Tracking and Vibration Analysis

12.5 Airframe Structures

Helicopter Aerodynamics, Structures and Systems

12.6 Air Conditioning (ATA 21)

12.7 Instruments/Avionic Systems

12.8 Electrical Power (ATA 24)

Helicopter Aerodynamics, Structures and Systems

12.10 Fire Protection (ATA 26)

12.11 Fuel Systems (ATA 28)

12.12 Hydraulic Power (ATA 29)

12.13 Ice and Rain Protection (ATA 30)

12.14 Landing Gear (ATA 32)

Helicopter Aerodynamics, Structures and Systems

12.16 Pneumatic/Vacuum (ATA 36)

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