Determination of Partical Size Distribution of Aggregate

EXPERIMENT- DETERMINATION OF PARTICAL
SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF AGGREGATE
OBJECTIVE:
To determine the particle size distribution, fineness
modulus, grading curve for Fine Aggregate.
APPARTUS:
Balance, set of standard sieves in following size:
For Fine aggregates:
4.75mm, 2.36mm, 1.18mm, 0.600mm, 0.300mm, 0.150mm
PROCEDURE:
1. Take 300gm of fine aggregate.
2. Arrange the sieve in descending order with largest
size on top.
3. Sieve the material passing through the sieve and
note the weight of sample on the sieve.
4. Sieve the material passing through previous sieves
by using the next lower size of the sieve and not the
weight as in step 3.
5. Repeat steps 3 through 4 until you have used all
sieves.
OBSERVATION AND CALCULATION:
I.S. sieve Sieve Weight Cumulati Cumulati %
size Weight Retained ve ve % Passing
retained
Weight
retained
4.75 396.0 0 0 0 100
2.36 321.5 8 8.0 2.67 97.34
1.18 356.5 20.5 28.5 9.5 90.5
0.60 356.5 72.5 101.0 33.67 66.34
0.30 361.0 133.5 284.5 78.16 21.84
0.150 346.0 6.0 295.5 98.5 1.5
0.075 338.0 3 298.5 99.5 0.5
PAN 0.000 1.5 300.0 100 0
Silt content =
where: F.M. = fineness modulus

(2.67+9.5+33.67+78.16+98.5+99.5)/100 =3.22
Need and Scope:

The grain size analysis is widely used in classification of soils.
The data obtained from grain size distribution curves is used in
the design of filters for earth dams and to determine suitability
of soil for road construction, air field etc. Information obtained
from grain size analysis can be used to predict soil water
movement although permeability tests are more generally
used.
Sieve
Mechanical shaker
Types of gradation relatively to the aggregate

nature
 Dense gradation – A dense gradation refers to a sample that

is approximately of equal amounts of various sizes of
aggregate. By having a dense gradation, most of the air
voids between the materials are filled with particles. A dense
gradation will result in an even curve on the gradation graph.
 Narrow gradation – Also known as uniform gradation, a
narrow gradation is a sample that has aggregate of
approximately the same size. The curve on the gradation
graph is very steep, and occupies a small range of the
aggregate.
 Gap gradation – A gap gradation refers to a sample with very
little aggregate in the medium size range. This results in only
coarse and fine aggregate. The curve is horizontal in the
medium size range on the gradation graph.
 Open gradation – An open gradation refers an aggregate
sample with very little fine aggregate particles. This results
in many air voids, because there are no fine particles to fill
them. On the gradation graph, it appears as a curve that is
horizontal in the small size range.
Rich gradation – A rich gradation refers to a sample of
aggregate with a high proportion of particles of small sizes
Limitations of sieve analysis:
Sieve analysis has, in general, been used for decades to

monitor material quality based on particle size. For coarse
material, sizes that range down to #100 mesh (150μm), a sieve
analysis and particle size distribution is accurate and
consistent.
However, for material that is finer than 100 mesh, dry sieving
can be significantly less accurate. This is because the
mechanical energy required to make particles pass through an
opening and the surface attraction effects between the
particles themselves and between particles and the screen
increase as the particle size decreases. Wet sieve analysis can
be utilized where the material analyzed is not affected by the
liquid - except to disperse it. Suspending the particles in a

suitable liquid transports fine material through the sieve much
more efficiently than shaking the dry material.
Sieve analysis assumes that all particle will be round (spherical)
or nearly so and will pass through the square openings when
the particle diameter is less than the size of the square opening
in the screen. For elongated and flat particles a sieve analysis
will not yield reliable mass-based results, as the particle size
reported will assume that the particles are spherical, where in
fact an elongated particle might pass through the screen end-
on, but would be prevented from doing so if it presented itself
side-on.
Engineering applications
Gradation is usually specified for each engineering application
it is used for. For example, foundations might only call for
coarse aggregates, and therefore an open gradation is needed.
Gradation is primarily a concern in pavement mix
design. Concrete could call for both coarse and fine particles
and a dense graded aggregate would be
needed. Asphalt design also calls for a dense graded
aggregate. Gradation also applies to subgrades in paving,
which is the material that a road is paved on. Gradation, in this
case, depends on the type of road (i.e. highway, rural,
suburban) that is being paved.

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EXPERIMENT- DETERMINATION OF PARTICAL

SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF AGGREGATE

where: F.M. = fineness modulus

Need and Scope:

Types of gradation relatively to the aggregate

 Dense gradation – A dense gradation refers to a sample that

Sieve analysis has, in general, been used for decades to

liquid - except to disperse it. Suspending the particles in a

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